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Effects of aging and endurance exercise training on cardiorespiratory fitness and cardiac structure and function in healthy midlife and older women

Carrick-Ranson, Graeme, Howden, Erin J., Brazile, Tiffany L., Levine, Benjamin D., Reading, Stacey A.·2023·Journal of Applied Physiology

DOI 10.1152/japplphysiol.00798.2022

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Abstract

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in women in developed societies. Unfavorable structural and functional adaptations within the heart and central blood vessels with sedentary aging in women can act as the substrate for the development of debilitating CVD conditions such as heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). The large decline in cardiorespiratory fitness, as indicated by maximal or peak oxygen uptake (V̇o 2max and V̇o 2peak, respectively), that occurs in women as they age significantly affects their health and chronic disease status, as well as the risk of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. Midlife and older women who have performed structured endurance exercise training for several years or decades of their adult lives exhibit a V̇o 2max and cardiac and vascular structure and function that are on par or even superior to much younger sedentary women. Therefore, regular endurance exercise training appears to be an effective preventative strategy for mitigating the adverse physiological cardiovascular adaptations associated with sedentary aging in women. Herein, we narratively describe the aging and short- and long-term endurance exercise training adaptations in V̇o 2max, cardiac structure, and left ventricular systolic and diastolic function at rest and exercise in midlife and older women. The role of circulating estrogens on cardiac structure and function is described for consideration in the timing of exercise interventions to maximize beneficial adaptations. Current research gaps and potential areas for future investigation to advance our understanding in this critical knowledge area are highlighted.

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Ageing, Sex Differences, and REDs Risk in Endurance Runners: An Integrated Cross-Sectional Study Protocol
Oreská, Ľ., Kundeková, B., Varga, L., Stebelová, K., Okuliarová, M., Payer, J., & Sedliak, M. (2026) · Sports · doi:10.3390/sports14030121

See all 23

Authors: Carrick-Ranson, G., Howden, E. J., Brazile, T. L., Levine, B. D., & Reading, S. A.
Affiliations: Department of Surgery, the University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
Human Integrative Physiology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital, Dallas, Texas, United States
Department of Exercise Sciences, the University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
ORCID: Carrick-Ranson, Graeme
Howden, Erin J.
Levine, Benjamin D.
Venue: Journal of Applied Physiology
Publisher: American Physiological Society
Published: 2023-12-01
Volume: 135
Issue: 6
Pages: 1215-1235
ISSN: 8750-7587
1522-1601
DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00798.2022
Cited by: 23
References: 23
Language: en
Funders: Hugo Charitable Trust
National Heart Foundation of Australia

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Effects of aging and endurance exercise training on cardiorespiratory fitness and cardiac structure and function in healthy midlife and older women

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