Immunomodulatory Effects of Probiotics on Cytokine Profiles
Open accessAbstract
Probiotics confer immunological protection to the host through the regulation, stimulation, and modulation of immune responses. Researchers have shifted their attention to better understand the immunomodulatory effects of probiotics, which have the potential to prevent or alleviate certain pathologies for which proper medical treatment is as yet unavailable. It has been scientifically established that immune cells (T- and B-cells) mediate adaptive immunity and confer immunological protection by developing pathogen-specific memory. However, this review is intended to present the recent studies on immunomodulatory effects of probiotics. In the early section of this review, concepts of probiotics and common probiotic strains are focused on. On a priority basis, the immune system, along with mucosal immunity in the human body, is discussed in this study. It has been summarized that a number of species of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium exert vital roles in innate immunity by increasing the cytotoxicity of natural killer cells and phagocytosis of macrophages and mediate adaptive immunity by interacting with enterocytes and dendritic, Th1, Th2, and Treg cells. Finally, immunomodulatory effects of probiotics on proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine production in different animal models have been extensively reviewed in this paper. Therefore, isolating new probiotic strains and investigating their immunomodulatory effects on cytokine profiles in humans remain a topical issue.
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An immunomodulatory effect of probiotics is attributed to the release of a large number of cytokines and chemokines from immune cells, which can further impact the innate and adaptive immune systems.
“For example, an immunomodulatory effect of probiotics is attributed to the release of a large number of cytokines and chemokines from immune cells, which can further impact the innate and adaptive immune systems [122].”
From International Society of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: Probiotics (2019) · cites this paper as [122]
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Probiotics and the Treatment of Parkinson's Disease: An Update
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“Researchers should use targeted approaches, based on mechanistic data and other clinical research [for reviews see: (111, 112)].”
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- Authors
- Azad, M. A. K., Sarker, M., & Wan, D.
- Affiliations
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CN)
- State University of Bangladesh (BD)
- Corresponding author
- Wan, Dan
- Venue
- BioMed Research International
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2018-10-23
- Volume
- 2018
- Pages
- 1-10
- ISSN
- 1110-7243 (ISSN-L)
- 2314-6133
- 2314-6141
- PMC
- PMC6218795
- OpenAlex
- W2897981765
- Cited by
- 521
- References
- 82
- Citations by year
- 2026: 42 · 2025: 73 · 2024: 64 · 2023: 72 · 2022: 97 · 2021: 89 · 2020: 60 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 1
- FWCI
- 4.33
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- BioMed Research International (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- National Key R&D Program of China (2016YFD0501201, 2016YFD0200900, 2016YFD0500504, 31702127)
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (2016YFD0501201, 2016YFD0200900, 2016YFD0500504, 31702127)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Probiotics and Fermented Foods
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Microbiology › Reproductive tract infections research
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Aquaculture disease management and microbiota
- Keywords
- probiotics, immunomodulation, cytokines, mucosal immunity, innate immunity, adaptive immunity, Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, natural killer cells, macrophage phagocytosis, dendritic cells, regulatory T cells, Th1/Th2 balance, inflammatory cytokines, anti-inflammatory cytokines, probiotic strains
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Humans, Immunity, Innate, Immunologic Factors, Lymphocytes, Cytokines, Immunity, Mucosal, Probiotics, Adaptive Immunity
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