The DOI matches its Crossref record.
The CAGE Questionnaire: Validation of a New Alcoholism Screening Instrument
Abstract
The CAGE questionnaire, a new brief alcoholism screening test, was administered to all patients (N = 366; 39 percent alcoholic) admitted to a psychiatric service over a one-year period. The authors indicate that the CAGE questionnaire is not a sensitive alcoholism detector if a four-item positive response is the criterion; however, if a two- or three-item criterion is used, it becomes a viable rapid alcoholism screening techniquefor large groups.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cited by
SAUNDERS, J. B., AASLAND, O. G., BABOR, T. F., DE LA FUENTE, J. R., & GRANT, M. (1993) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1993.tb02093.x · Cited by 13,597
Norman, R. E., Byambaa, M., De, R., Butchart, A., Scott, J., & Vos, T. (2012) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001349 · Cited by 3,387
Unützer, J., Katon, W., Callahan, C. M., Williams, Jr., Hunkeler, E., Harpole, L., Hoffing, M., Della Penna, R. D., Noël, P. H., Lin, E. H. B., et al. (2002) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.288.22.2836 · Cited by 2,405
Primary Care: Is There Enough Time for Prevention?
Yarnall, K. S. H., Pollak, K. I., Østbye, T., Krause, K. M., & Michener, J. L. (2003) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.93.4.635 · Cited by 1,641
Bohn, M. J., Babor, T. F., & Kranzler, H. R. (1995) · Journal of Studies on Alcohol · doi:10.15288/jsa.1995.56.423 · Cited by 1,356
A Multifaceted Intervention to Improve Treatment of Depression in Primary Care
Katon, W. (1996) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1996.01830100072009 · Cited by 835
Wallace, P., Cutler, S., & Haines, A. (1988) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.297.6649.663 · Cited by 648
Unemployment and Substance Use: A Review of the Literature (1990-2010)
Henkel, D. (2011) · Current Drug Abuse Reviewse · doi:10.2174/1874473711104010004 · Cited by 590
Lin, E. H. B., Katon, W., Von Korff, M., Tang, L., Williams, Jr., Kroenke, K., Hunkeler, E., Harpole, L., Hegel, M., Arean, P., et al. (2003) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.290.18.2428 · Cited by 590
Espie, C. A., Kyle, S. D., Williams, C., Ong, J. C., Douglas, N. J., Hames, P., & Brown, J. S. L. (2012) · Sleep · doi:10.5665/sleep.1872 · Cited by 550
Time trends in adolescent mental health
Collishaw, S., Maughan, B., Goodman, R., & Pickles, A. (2004) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2004.00335.x · Cited by 508
People living with psychotic illness in 2010: the second Australian national survey of psychosis
Morgan, V. A., Waterreus, A., Jablensky, A., Mackinnon, A., McGrath, J. J., Carr, V., Bush, R., Castle, D., Cohen, M., Harvey, C., et al. (2012) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/0004867412449877 · Cited by 504
Validation of the Revised Screener and Opioid Assessment for Patients With Pain (SOAPP-R)
Butler, S. F., Fernandez, K., Benoit, C., Budman, S. H., & Jamison, R. N. (2008) · The Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2007.11.014 · Cited by 471
Whiteside, S. P., & Lynam, D. R. (2003) · Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1037/1064-1297.11.3.210 · Cited by 463
Gache, P., Michaud, P., Landry, U., Accietto, C., Arfaoui, S., Wenger, O., & Daeppen, J.-B. (2005) · Alcoholism: Clinical & Experimental Research · doi:10.1097/01.alc.0000187034.58955.64 · Cited by 460
Topiwala, A., Allan, C. L., Valkanova, V., Zsoldos, E., Filippini, N., Sexton, C., Mahmood, A., Fooks, P., Singh-Manoux, A., Mackay, C. E., et al. (2017) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.j2353 · Cited by 455
THE FAST ALCOHOL SCREENING TEST
Hodgson, R. (2002) · Alcohol and Alcoholism · doi:10.1093/alcalc/37.1.61 · Cited by 371
Attachment and emotion regulation in substance addictions and behavioral addictions
Estévez, A., Jáuregui, P., Sánchez-Marcos, I., López-González, H., & Griffiths, M. D. (2017) · Journal of Behavioral Addictions · doi:10.1556/2006.6.2017.086 · Cited by 371
Piccinelli, M., Tessari, E., Bortolomasi, M., Piasere, O., Semenzin, M., Garzotto, N., & Tansella, M. (1997) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.314.7078.420 · Cited by 333
Improving treatment of late life depression in primary care: a randomized clinical trial
Callahan, C. M., Hendrie, H. C., Dittus, R. S., Brater, D. C., Hui, S. L., & Tierney, W. M. (1994) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1994.tb06555.x · Cited by 304
Functional and psychosocial impairment in adults with undiagnosed ADHD
ABLE, S. L., JOHNSTON, J. A., ADLER, L. A., & SWINDLE, R. W. (2007) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291706008713 · Cited by 257
Brisbois, T. D., de Kock, I. H., Watanabe, S. M., Mirhosseini, M., Lamoureux, D. C., Chasen, M., MacDonald, N., Baracos, V. E., & Wismer, W. V. (2011) · Annals of Oncology · doi:10.1093/annonc/mdq727 · Cited by 246
Psychiatrists in the UK do not use outcomes measures: National survey
Gilbody, S. M., House, A. O., & Sheldon, T. A. (2002) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.180.2.101 · Cited by 234
Depression Treatment in a Sample of 1,801 Depressed Older Adults in Primary Care
Unützer, J., Katon, W., Callahan, C. M., Williams, J. W., Hunkeler, E., Harpole, L., Hoffing, M., Della Penna, R. D., Noel, P. H., Lin, E. H. B., et al. (2003) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1046/j.1532-5415.2003.51159.x · Cited by 229
Ducci, F., Enoch, M.-A., Hodgkinson, C., Xu, K., Catena, M., Robin, R. W., & Goldman, D. (2008) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4002034 · Cited by 229
King, A. C., Volpicelli, J. R., Frazer, A., & O'Brien, C. P. (1997) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s002130050156 · Cited by 227
Case-finding for depression in primary care: a randomized trial∗
Williams, J. W., Mulrow, C. D., Kroenke, K., Dhanda, R., Badgett, R. G., Omori, D., & Lee, S. (1999) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0002-9343(98)00371-4 · Cited by 221
Nicolaidis, C., Raymaker, D. M., McDonald, K. E., Lund, E. M., Leotti, S., Kapp, S. K., Katz, M., Beers, L. M., Kripke, C., Maslak, J., et al. (2020) · Autism in Adulthood · doi:10.1089/aut.2019.0074 · Cited by 210
Can stand‐alone computer‐based interventions reduce alcohol consumption? A systematic review
Khadjesari, Z., Murray, E., Hewitt, C., Hartley, S., & Godfrey, C. (2011) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2010.03214.x · Cited by 208
Butler, S. F., Budman, S. H., Fanciullo, G. J., & Jamison, R. N. (2010) · The Clinical Journal of Pain · doi:10.1097/ajp.0b013e3181f195ba · Cited by 198
Huffman, J. C., Mastromauro, C. A., Beach, S. R., Celano, C. M., DuBois, C. M., Healy, B. C., Suarez, L., Rollman, B. L., & Januzzi, J. L. (2014) · JAMA Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2014.739 · Cited by 196
Berle, J. Ø., Mykletun, A., Daltveit, A. K., Rasmussen, S., Holsten, F., & Dahl, A. A. (2005) · Archives of Women’s Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s00737-005-0090-z · Cited by 195
Couples therapy for domestic violence: Finding safe solutions.
Stith, S. M., McCollum, E. E., & Rosen, K. H. (2011) · doi:10.1037/12329-000 · Cited by 178
Cancer mortality in patients with schizophrenia: An 11‐year prospective cohort study
Tran, E., Rouillon, F., Loze, J., Casadebaig, F., Philippe, A., Vitry, F., & Limosin, F. (2009) · Cancer · doi:10.1002/cncr.24383 · Cited by 173
Murphy, D. A., Durako, S. J., Moscicki, A.-B., Vermund, S. H., Ma, Y., Schwarz, D. F., & Muenz, L. R. (2001) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/s1054-139x(01)00287-7 · Cited by 173
Only one in three people with alcohol abuse or dependence ever seek treatment
Cunningham, J. A., & Breslin, F. C. (2004) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/s0306-4603(03)00077-7 · Cited by 166
Hays, R. D., Merz, J. F., & Nicholas, R. (1995) · Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers · doi:10.3758/bf03204745 · Cited by 169
Psychiatric Issues in Multiple Sclerosis
Chwastiak, L. A., & Ehde, D. M. (2007) · Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.psc.2007.07.003 · Cited by 166
Chamelian, L., & Feinstein, A. (2006) · The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences · doi:10.1176/jnp.18.1.33 · Cited by 174
Bewick, B. M., Trusler, K., Mulhern, B., Barkham, M., & Hill, A. J. (2008) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2008.05.002 · Cited by 157
Addiction to Indoor Tanning: Relation to Anxiety, Depression, and Substance Use
Mosher, C. E., & Danoff-Burg, S. (2010) · Archives of Dermatology · doi:10.1001/archdermatol.2009.385 · Cited by 158
Impact on mental health due to covid-19 pandemic: Cross-sectional study in Portugal and Brazil.
Passos, L., Prazeres, F., Teixeira, A., & Martins, C. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17186794 · Cited by 154
“Socio-demographic and other factors: variables assessed included age, gender, country of residence (Portugal or Brazil), marital status, educational level, employment status, social isolation self-label, duration of social isolation, living arrangements during social isolation, diagnosis of COVID-19, alcohol consumpti…”
MethodSmoking relapse during the first year after treatment for early-stage non-small-cell lung cancer
Walker, M. S., Vidrine, D. J., Gritz, E. R., Larsen, R. J., Yan, Y., Govindan, R., & Fisher, E. B. (2006) · Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention · doi:10.1158/1055-9965.epi-06-0509 · Cited by 147
Identifying substance abuse in maltreating families: A child welfare challenge
Dore, M. M., Doris, J. M., & Wright, P. (1995) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/0145-2134(95)00013-x · Cited by 146
A prospective study of the precursors to problem drinking in young adulthood.
Pulkkinen, L., & Pitkänen, T. (1994) · Journal of Studies on Alcohol · doi:10.15288/jsa.1994.55.578 · Cited by 143
The relationship between alcohol consumption and cortisol secretion in an aging cohort
Badrick, E., Bobak, M., Britton, A., Kirschbaum, C., Marmot, M., & Kumari, M. (2008) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2007-0737 · Cited by 143
Feeney, J., Finucane, C., Savva, G. M., Cronin, H., Beatty, S., Nolan, J. M., & Kenny, R. A. (2013) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2013.05.007 · Cited by 135
Addictive-like behaviours to ultraviolet light among frequent indoor tanners
Harrington, C. R., Beswick, T. C., Leitenberger, J., Minhajuddin, A., Jacobe, H. T., & Adinoff, B. (2011) · Clinical and Experimental Dermatology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2230.2010.03882.x · Cited by 133
A Pilot Evaluation of a Mindful Self-care and Resiliency (MSCR) Intervention for Nurses
Craigie, M., Slatyer, S., Hegney, D., Osseiran-Moisson, R., Gentry, E., Davis, S., Dolan, T., & Rees, C. (2016) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-016-0516-x · Cited by 122
“…Questionnarie-9 (PHQ-9, Kroenke and Spitzer 2002), Short Screening Scale for DSM-IV PTSD (SSSP, Breslau et al. 1999), and the CAGE questionnaire (Mayfield, McLeod, and Hall 1974) adapted for drug use (CAGE-AID, Brown and Rounds 1995) were used to assess exclusion criteria pertaining to core…”
MethodScreening for problem drinking and counseling by the primary care physician-nurse team
Israel, Y., Hollander, O., Sanchez‐Craig, M., Booker, S., Miller, V., Gingrich, R., & Rankin, J. G. (1996) · Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1996.tb01147.x · Cited by 119
Bair-Merritt, M. H., Jennings, J. M., Chen, R., Burrell, L., McFarlane, E., Fuddy, L., & Duggan, A. K. (2010) · Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine · doi:10.1001/archpediatrics.2009.237 · Cited by 117
Hegel, M. T., Unützer, J., Tang, L., Areán, P. A., Katon, W., Noël, P. H., Williams, J. W., & Lin, E. H. B. (2005) · The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00019442-200501000-00008 · Cited by 114
Gopinath, S., Katon, W. J., Russo, J. E., & Ludman, E. J. (2007) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2006.10.023 · Cited by 111
Grodensky, C. A., Golin, C. E., Ochtera, R. D., & Turner, B. J. (2012) · Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs · doi:10.15288/jsad.2012.73.899 · Cited by 100
Impact of a Depression Care Management Program for Hospitalized Cardiac Patients
Huffman, J. C., Mastromauro, C. A., Sowden, G., Fricchione, G. L., Healy, B. C., & Januzzi, J. L. (2011) · Circulation: Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes · doi:10.1161/circoutcomes.110.959379 · Cited by 99
Heberlein, A., Käser, M., Lichtinghagen, R., Rhein, M., Lenz, B., Kornhuber, J., Bleich, S., & Hillemacher, T. (2014) · Alcohol · doi:10.1016/j.alcohol.2014.08.003 · Cited by 98
Improving Primary Care for Older Adults with Cancer and Depression
Fann, J. R., Fan, M.-Y., & Unützer, J. (2009) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11606-009-0999-4 · Cited by 91
Kaloyanides, K. B., McCabe, S. E., Cranford, J. A., & Teter, C. J. (2007) · Pharmacotherapy: The Journal of Human Pharmacology and Drug Therapy · doi:10.1592/phco.27.5.666 · Cited by 88
How Bad Could It Be? Alcohol Dampens Stress Responses to Threat of Uncertain Intensity
Bradford, D. E., Shapiro, B. L., & Curtin, J. J. (2013) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0956797613499923 · Cited by 86
Risk Factors Associated With Snoring in Women With Special Emphasis on Body Mass Index
Svensson, M., Lindberg, E., Naessen, T., & Janson, C. (2006) · Chest · doi:10.1378/chest.129.4.933 · Cited by 82
Excessive Indoor Tanning as a Behavioral Addiction: A Literature Review
Petit, A., Lejoyeux, M., Reynaud, M., & Karila, L. (2014) · Current Pharmaceutical Design · doi:10.2174/13816128113199990615 · Cited by 81
Tanning addiction and psychopathology: Further evaluation of anxiety disorders and substance abuse
Ashrafioun, L., & Bonar, E. E. (2014) · Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology · doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2013.10.057 · Cited by 78
Rendall‐Mkosi, K., Morojele, N., London, L., Moodley, S., Singh, C., & Girdler‐Brown, B. (2013) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/add.12081 · Cited by 71
Aalto, M., Saksanen, R., Laine, P., Forsström, R., Raikaa, M., Kiviluoto, M., Seppä, K., & Sillanaukee, P. (2000) · Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.2000.tb01969.x · Cited by 70
Prevalence of alcohol related brain damage among homeless hostel dwellers in Glasgow
Gilchrist, G., & Morrison, D. S. (2005) · European Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1093/eurpub/cki036 · Cited by 69
Living on the Margins: Older Homeless Adults in Toronto
McDonald, L., Dergal, J., & Cleghorn, L. (2007) · Journal of Gerontological Social Work · doi:10.1300/j083v49n01_02 · Cited by 65
A randomized study of secondary prevention of early stage problem drinkers in primary health care
ROMELSJÖ, A., ANDERSSON, L., BARRNER, H., BORG, S., GRANSTRAND, C., HULTMAN, O., HÄSSLER, A., KäLLQUIST, A., MAGNUSSON, P., MORGELL, R., et al. (1989) · British Journal of Addiction · doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1989.tb00733.x · Cited by 63
Parental violence and the occurrence of severe and acute malnutrition in childhood
Hasselmann, M. H., & Reichenheim, M. E. (2006) · Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-3016.2006.00735.x · Cited by 64
Barry, K. L., Blow, F. C., Willenbring, M., McCormick, R., Brockmann, L. M., & Visnic, S. (2004) · Substance Abuse · doi:10.1300/j465v25n01_05 · Cited by 63
Deschênes, S. S., Kivimaki, M., & Schmitz, N. (2021) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.120.019013 · Cited by 59
Deliberate Self-Harm Patients with Alcohol Disorders: Characteristics, Treatment, and Outcome
Haw, C., Houston, K., Townsend, E., & Hawton, K. (2001) · Crisis · doi:10.1027//0227-5910.22.3.93 · Cited by 59
Yennurajalingam, S., Edwards, T., Arthur, J. A., Lu, Z., Najera, J., Nguyen, K., Manju, J., Kuriakose, L., Wu, J., Liu, D., et al. (2018) · Cancer · doi:10.1002/cncr.31670 · Cited by 56
The Prevalence of Psychiatric Disorders in Elderly Residents of Public Housing
Rabins, P. V., Black, B., German, P., Roca, R., McGuire, M., Brant, L., & Cook, J. (1996) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences · doi:10.1093/gerona/51a.6.m319 · Cited by 55
Oliveira, A. G. E. S. D., Reichenheim, M. E., Moraes, C. L., Howard, L. M., & Lobato, G. (2017) · Archives of Women's Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s00737-016-0705-6 · Cited by 55
Psychometric assessment of the Craving to Tan Questionnaire
Ashrafioun, L., & Bonar, E. E. (2015) · The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse · doi:10.3109/00952990.2014.939754 · Cited by 53
Cornel, M., Knibbe, R. A., van Zutphen, W. M., & Drop, M. J. (1994) · Journal of Studies on Alcohol · doi:10.15288/jsa.1994.55.466 · Cited by 50
HIV-related sexual risk among transgender men who are gay, bisexual, or have sex with men.
Scheim, A. I., Bauer, G. R., & Travers, R. (2017) · JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes · doi:10.1097/qai.0000000000001222 · Cited by 49
Morland, L. A., Greene, C. J., Rosen, C., Mauldin, P. D., & Frueh, B. C. (2009) · Contemporary Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/j.cct.2009.06.006 · Cited by 47
Risk factor assessment for problematic use of opioids for chronic pain
Jamison, R. N., & Edwards, R. R. (2013) · The Clinical Neuropsychologist · doi:10.1080/13854046.2012.715204 · Cited by 42
Detecting, preventing, and managing patients' alcohol problems.
(1994) · PubMed Central · Cited by 41
Sharma, A., Cohen, H. W., Freeman, R., Santoro, N., & Schoenbaum, E. E. (2011) · Maturitas · doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2011.08.003 · Cited by 39
Hostility, unemployment and health status: testing three theoretical models
Kivimäki, M., Elovainio, M., Kokko, K., Pulkkinen, L., Kortteinen, M., & Tuomikoski, H. (2003) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0277-9536(02)00219-8 · Cited by 37
Engagement in Paraprofessional Home Visitation
Tandon, S. D., Parillo, K., Mercer, C., Keefer, M., & Duggan, A. K. (2008) · Women's Health Issues · doi:10.1016/j.whi.2007.10.005 · Cited by 36
Alcohol and drug consumption among sexual offenders
Baltieri, D. A., & de Andrade, A. G. (2008) · Forensic Science International · doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2007.05.004 · Cited by 32
Aulagnier, M., Verger, P., & Rouillon, F. (2004) · Revue d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique · doi:10.1016/s0398-7620(04)99023-2 · Cited by 28
Kasteenpohja, T., Marttunen, M., Aalto-Setälä, T., Perälä, J., Saarni, S. I., & Suvisaari, J. (2018) · Nordic Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/08039488.2017.1418429 · Cited by 26
Morojele, N. K., Kitleli, N., Ngako, K., Kekwaletswe, C. T., Nkosi, S., Fritz, K., & Parry, C. D. H. (2014) · SAHARA-J: Journal of Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS · doi:10.1080/17290376.2014.890123 · Cited by 24
Copeland, L. A., Blow, F. C., & Barry, K. L. (2003) · Health Education & Behavior · doi:10.1177/1090198103030003006 · Cited by 24
Auty, K. M., Farrington, D. P., & Coid, J. W. (2015) · European Journal of Criminology · doi:10.1177/1477370815578198 · Cited by 18
Kok, R. N., van Straten, A., Beekman, A., Bosmans, J., de Neef, M., & Cuijpers, P. (2012) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/1471-244x-12-131 · Cited by 12
Banerjee, S. C., Hay, J. L., & Greene, K. (2015) · Addiction Research & Theory · doi:10.3109/16066359.2014.955479 · Cited by 5
McCauley, J. L., Crawford, P., Leo, M. C., McBurnie, M. A., Barton, D., Weidner, H. A., Rindal, D. B., & the National Dental PBRN Collaborative Group (2026) · Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs · doi:10.15288/jsad.24-00383 · Cited by 2
Metadata
- Authors
- MAYFIELD, D., MCLEOD, G., & HALL, P.
- Venue
- American Journal of Psychiatry
- Published
- 1974-10
- Volume
- 131
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 1121-1123
- ISSN
- 0002-953X (ISSN-L)
- 1535-7228
- OpenAlex
- W1782492077
- Cited by
- 2,249
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 1.16
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.