The DOI matches its Crossref record; 1 of the 1 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Prevalence of sleep disorders in the Los Angeles metropolitan area
Abstract
The authors determined the prevalence of sleep disorders in a general population through a survey of 1,006 representative households in the Los Angeles metropolitan area. They found an overall prevalence of current or previous sleep disorders in adults of 52.1%. Specifically, they found a 42.5% prevalence of insomnia, 11.2% of nightmares, 7.1% of excessive sleep, 5.3% of sleeptalking, and 2.5% of sleepwalking. These conditions were often chronic and usually started early in life. Insomnia was more frequent in older people, particularly older women, and in people of lower educational socioeconomic status. Insomnia, nightmares, and hypersomnia were correlated with more frequent general physical and mental health problems.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Some preliminary findings on physical complaints from a prospective study of 1,064,004 men and women
Hammond, E. C. (1964) · American Journal of Public Health and the Nations Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.54.1.11 · Cited by 401
Cited by
The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: a new instrument for psychiatric practice and research
Buysse, D. J., Reynolds, C. F., Monk, T. H., Berman, S. R., & Kupfer, D. J. (1989) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/0165-1781(89)90047-4 · Cited by 35,234
Epidemiology of insomnia: what we know and what we still need to learn
Ohayon, M. M. (2002) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1053/smrv.2002.0186 · Cited by 3,743
Sleep disturbance and psychiatric disorders: A longitudinal epidemiological study of young Adults
Breslau, N., Roth, T., Rosenthal, L., & Andreski, P. (1996) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/0006-3223(95)00188-3 · Cited by 1,831
Athens Insomnia Scale: Validation of an instrument based on ICD-10 criteria
Soldatos, C. R., Dikeos, D. G., & Paparrigopoulos, T. J. (2000) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-3999(00)00095-7 · Cited by 1,754
Sex Differences in Insomnia: A Meta-Analysis
Zhang, B., & Wing, Y.-K. (2006) · Sleep · doi:10.1093/sleep/29.1.85 · Cited by 1,286
Littner, M. R., Kushida, C., Wise, M., G. Davila, D., Morgenthaler, T., Lee-Chiong, T., Hirshkowitz, M., Loube, D. L., Bailey, D., Berry, R. B., et al. (2005) · Sleep · doi:10.1093/sleep/28.1.113 · Cited by 1,142
Epidemiology of Insomnia, Depression, and Anxiety
Taylor, D. J., Lichstein, K. L., Durrence, H. H., Reidel, B. W., & Bush, A. J. (2005) · Sleep · doi:10.1093/sleep/28.11.1457 · Cited by 988
Vgontzas, A. N., Papanicolaou, D. A., Bixler, E. O., Kales, A., Tyson, K., & Chrousos, G. P. (1997) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.82.5.3950 · Cited by 974
Self-citationMorin, C. M., & Jarrin, D. C. (2022) · Sleep Medicine Clinics · doi:10.1016/j.jsmc.2022.03.003 · Cited by 907
Comparative Meta-Analysis of Pharmacotherapy and Behavior Therapy for Persistent Insomnia
Smith, M. T., Perlis, M. L., Park, A., Smith, M. S., Pennington, J., Giles, D. E., & Buysse, D. J. (2002) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.159.1.5 · Cited by 863
Johnson, E. O., Roth, T., & Breslau, N. (2006) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2006.07.008 · Cited by 804
Prevalence, burden, and treatment of insomnia in primary care
(1997) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.154.10.1417 · Cited by 694
The reinterpretation of dreams: An evolutionary hypothesis of the function of dreaming
Revonsuo, A. (2000) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x00004015 · Cited by 676
The diagnostic validity of the Athens Insomnia Scale
Soldatos, C. R., Dikeos, D. G., & Paparrigopoulos, T. J. (2003) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-3999(02)00604-9 · Cited by 661
Self-citationEspie, C. A. (2002) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.53.100901.135243 · Cited by 596
Healthy Older Adults’ Sleep Predicts All-Cause Mortality at 4 to 19 Years of Follow-Up
Dew, M. A., Hoch, C. C., Buysse, D. J., Monk, T. H., Begley, A. E., Houck, P. R., Hall, M., Kupfer, D. J., & Reynolds, C. F. (2003) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/01.psy.0000039756.23250.7c · Cited by 587
Levin, R., & Nielsen, T. A. (2007) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.133.3.482 · Cited by 554
Krakow, B., Hollifield, M., Johnston, L., Koss, M., Schrader, R., Warner, T. D., Tandberg, D., Lauriello, J., McBride, L., Cutchen, L., et al. (2001) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.286.5.537 · Cited by 557
Palesh, O. G., Roscoe, J. A., Mustian, K. M., Roth, T., Savard, J., Ancoli-Israel, S., Heckler, C., Purnell, J. Q., Janelsins, M. C., & Morrow, G. R. (2010) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2009.22.5011 · Cited by 557
Mallon, L., Broman, J. ‐., & Hetta, J. (2002) · Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2796.2002.00941.x · Cited by 495
Clinical correlates of insomnia in patients with chronic illness
Katz, D. A., & McHorney, C. A. (1998) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.158.10.1099 · Cited by 480
Ohayon, M. M. (1997) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-3956(97)00002-2 · Cited by 423
The morbidity of insomnia uncomplicated by psychiatric disorders
Weissman, M. M., Greenwald, S., Niño-Murcia, G., & Dement, W. C. (1997) · General Hospital Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0163-8343(97)00056-x · Cited by 415
Vgontzas, A. N., & Chrousos, G. P. (2002) · Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s0889-8529(01)00005-6 · Cited by 414
A new scale for measuring insomnia: the Bergen Insomnia Scale.
Pallesen, S., Bjorvatn, B., Nordhus, I. H., Sivertsen, B., Hjørnevik, M., & Morin, C. M. (2008) · Perceptual and Motor Skills · doi:10.2466/pms.107.3.691-706 · Cited by 426
Epidemiological Study on Insomnia in the General Population
Ohayon, M. (1996) · Sleep · doi:10.1093/sleep/19.suppl_3.s7 · Cited by 401
Nightmares: A new neurocognitive model
Nielsen, T., & Levin, R. (2007) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2007.03.004 · Cited by 378
Newman, A. B., Enright, P. L., Manolio, T. A., Haponik, E. F., Wahl, P. W., & On behalf of the Cardiovascular Health Study Research Group (1997) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1997.tb00970.x · Cited by 365
Lindberg, E., Janson, C., Gislason, T., Björnsson, E., Hetta, J., & Boman, G. (1997) · Sleep · doi:10.1093/sleep/20.6.381 · Cited by 332
The meaning of good sleep: a longitudinal study of polysomnography and subjective sleep quality
ÅKERSTEDT, T., HUME, K., MINORS, D., & WATERHOUSE, J. (1994) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2869.1994.tb00122.x · Cited by 298
Disturbed Sleep and Its Relationship to Alcohol Use
Stein, M. D., & Friedmann, P. D. (2006) · Substance Abuse · doi:10.1300/j465v26n01_01 · Cited by 288
Pressman, M. R. (2007) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2006.06.003 · Cited by 285
Nightmare Prevalence, Nightmare Distress, and Self-Reported Psychological Disturbance
(2002) · Sleep · doi:10.1093/sleep/25.2.205 · Cited by 285
Sleep loss and daytime sleepiness in the general adult population of Japan
Liu, X., Uchiyama, M., Kim, K., Okawa, M., Shibui, K., Kudo, Y., Doi, Y., Minowa, M., & Ogihara, R. (2000) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/s0165-1781(99)00119-5 · Cited by 278
Insomnia as an interaction between sleep-interfering and sleep-interpreting processes
Lundh, L.-G., & Broman, J.-E. (2000) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-3999(00)00150-1 · Cited by 263
Hereditary Factors in Sleepwalking and Night Terrors
Kales, A., Soldatos, C. R., Bixler, E. O., Ladda, R. L., Charney, D. S., Weber, G., & Schweitzer, P. K. (1980) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.137.2.111 · Cited by 256
Self-citationEvidence for Genetic Influences on Sleep Disturbance and Sleep Pattern in Twins
Heath, A. C., Kendler, K. S., Eaves, L. J., & Martin, N. G. (1990) · Sleep · doi:10.1093/sleep/13.4.318 · Cited by 252
The assessment and management of insomnia: an update
Krystal, A. D., Prather, A. A., & Ashbrook, L. H. (2019) · World Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/wps.20674 · Cited by 256
Patten, C. A., Choi, W. S., Gillin, J. C., & Pierce, J. P. (2000) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.106.2.e23 · Cited by 250
Association of physical activity and human sleep disorders
Sherrill, D. L., Kotchou, K., & Quan, S. F. (1998) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.158.17.1894 · Cited by 244
Sleep Patterns and Total Mortality: A 12-Year Follow-up Study in Japan
Kojima, M., Wakai, K., Kawamura, T., Tamakoshi, A., Aoki, R., Lin, Y., Nakayama, T., Horibe, H., Aoki, N., & Ohno, Y. (2000) · Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.2188/jea.10.87 · Cited by 241
Vgontzas, M., & Kales, M. (1999) · Annual Review of Medicine · doi:10.1146/annurev.med.50.1.387 · Cited by 227
Sleep and pain complaints in symptomatic traumatic brain injury and neurologic populations
Beetar, J. T., Guilmette, T. J., & Sparadeo, F. R. (1996) · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1016/s0003-9993(96)90196-3 · Cited by 213
Knowledge and practice of sleep hygiene techniques in insomniacs and good sleepers
Lacks, P., & Rotert, M. (1986) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(86)90197-x · Cited by 209
Insomnia and health problems in Canadians
Sutton, D. A., Moldofsky, H., & Badley, E. M. (2001) · Sleep · doi:10.1093/sleep/24.6.665 · Cited by 207
Insomnia in central Pennsylvania
Bixler, E. O., Vgontzas, A. N., Lin, H.-M., Vela-Bueno, A., & Kales, A. (2002) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-3999(02)00450-6 · Cited by 205
Self-citationGender differences in nightmare frequency: A meta-analysis
Schredl, M., & Reinhard, I. (2011) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2010.06.002 · Cited by 192
Socioeconomic status and insomnia
Gellis, L. A., Lichstein, K. L., Scarinci, I. C., Durrence, H. H., Taylor, D. J., Bush, A. J., & Riedel, B. W. (2005) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.114.1.111 · Cited by 190
Nightmare frequency in sexual assault survivors with PTSD
Krakow, B., Schrader, R., Tandberg, D., Hollifield, M., Koss, M. P., Yau, C. L., & Cheng, D. T. (2002) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/s0887-6185(02)00093-2 · Cited by 172
Dynamics of slow-wave activity during the NREM sleep of sleepwalkers and control subjects
Gaudreau, H., Joncas, S., Zadra, A., & Montplaisir, J. (2000) · Sleep · doi:10.1093/sleep/23.6.1d · Cited by 169
Wittmann, L., Schredl, M., & Kramer, M. (2007) · Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics · doi:10.1159/000096362 · Cited by 167
Nightmares: clinical characteristics and personality patterns
(1980) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.137.10.1197 · Cited by 162
Lucid dreaming treatment for nightmares: a pilot study
Spoormaker, V. I., & van den Bout, J. (2006) · Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics · doi:10.1159/000095446 · Cited by 156
Prevalence of sleep disturbances in diabetes mellitus
Sridhar, G. R., & Madhu, K. (1994) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/0168-8227(94)90103-1 · Cited by 151
Insomnia with physiological hyperarousal is associated with hypertension
Li, Y., Vgontzas, A. N., Fernandez-Mendoza, J., Bixler, E. O., Sun, Y., Zhou, J., Ren, R., Li, T., & Tang, X. (2015) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/hypertensionaha.114.04604 · Cited by 144
Self-citationBrabbins, C. J., Dewey, M. E., Copeland, J. R. M., Davidson, I. A., McWilliam, C., Saunders, P., Sharma, V. K., & Sullivan, C. (1993) · International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/gps.930080604 · Cited by 141
Lucid dreaming as a treatment for recurrent nightmares
Zadra, A. L., & Pihl, R. O. (2010) · Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics · doi:10.1159/000289106 · Cited by 116
Variety and intensity of emotions in nightmares and bad dreams
Zadra, A., Pilon, M., & Donderi, D. C. (2006) · Journal of Nervous & Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/01.nmd.0000207359.46223.dc · Cited by 107
(2008) · PubMed · Cited by 107
The course of insomnia over one year: a longitudinal study in the general population in Sweden
Jansson-Fröjmark, M., & Linton, S. J. (2008) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/31.6.881 · Cited by 103
Kotagal, S. (2009) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2008.09.005 · Cited by 99
Simard, V., Nielsen, T. A., Tremblay, R. E., Boivin, M., & Montplaisir, J. Y. (2008) · Sleep · doi:10.1093/sleep/31.1.62 · Cited by 90
Lundh, L.-G., Broman, J.-E., Hetta, J., & Saboonchi, F. (1994) · Scandinavian Journal of Behaviour Therapy · doi:10.1080/16506079409455949 · Cited by 76
Lucid dreaming treatment for nightmares: a series of cases
Spoormaker, V. I., van den Bout, J., & Meijer, E. J. G. (2003) · Dreaming · doi:10.1023/a:1025325529560 · Cited by 59
The sleepwalking/night terrors syndrome in adults
Crisp, A. H. (1996) · Postgraduate Medical Journal · doi:10.1136/pgmj.72.852.599 · Cited by 58
The Pharmacology and Mechanism of Action of Zolpidem
Sanger, D. J., & Depoortere, H. (1998) · CNS Drug Reviews · doi:10.1111/j.1527-3458.1998.tb00074.x · Cited by 58
Aging young sleep: A test of the phase advance hypothesis of sleep disturbance in the elderly
CAMPBELL, S. S., & DAWSON, D. (1992) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2869.1992.tb00040.x · Cited by 55
Furihata, R., Uchiyama, M., Suzuki, M., Konno, C., Konno, M., Takahashi, S., Kaneita, Y., Ohida, T., Akahoshi, T., Hashimoto, S., et al. (2015) · Sleep and Biological Rhythms · doi:10.1111/sbr.12096 · Cited by 47
HEITMANN, J., CASSEL, W., GROTE, L., BICKEL, U., HARTLAUB, U., PENZEL, T., & PETER, J. (1999) · Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/s0009-9236(99)70112-8 · Cited by 37
Zadra, A., & Pilon, M. (2011) · Handbook of Clinical Neurology · doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-52007-4.00011-4 · Cited by 38
On the comparability of pharmacotherapy and behavior therapy for chronic insomnia
Perlis, M. L., Smith, M. T., Cacialli, D. O., Nowakowski, S., & Orff, H. (2003) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-3999(02)00547-0 · Cited by 36
Sleep talking: a viable access to mental processes during sleep
Alfonsi, V., D'Atri, A., Scarpelli, S., Mangiaruga, A., & De Gennaro, L. (2019) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2018.12.001 · Cited by 34
Sleepwalking: Diagnosis and treatment through the life cycle
Berlin, R. M., & Qayyum, U. (1986) · Psychosomatics · doi:10.1016/s0033-3182(86)72602-9 · Cited by 30
Csóka, S., Simor, P., Szabó, G., Kopp, M. S., & Bódizs, R. (2011) · Attachment & Human Development · doi:10.1080/14616734.2011.553991 · Cited by 28
Metadata
- Venue
- American Journal of Psychiatry
- Published
- 1979-10-01
- Volume
- 136
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 1257-1262
- ISSN
- 0002-953X (ISSN-L)
- 1535-7228
- OpenAlex
- W1715223110
- Cited by
- 889
- References
- 1
- FWCI
- 12.52
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.