Examining the inverted U-shaped relationship between workload and innovative work behavior: the role of work engagement and mindfulness.
Open accessAbstract
Is workload good or bad for employee innovation? Workload and innovative work behavior are widely studied research topics. However, the relationship between them is not well understood. As a result, there is a lack of evidence-based knowledge that could inform managers and organizations on how to boost workplace innovation in demanding work contexts. Building on the job demands–resources model, the present study posits that workload relates to innovative behavior through work engagement. Specifically, we argue that this indirect relationship exhibits an inverted U-shaped pattern in which workload is most likely to benefit innovative behavior when it is moderate. We further identify mindfulness as an important moderator that influences individuals’ ability to manage stress. In support of these predictions, three studies – a two-wave time-lagged study of 160 employees from various Canadian firms, a three-wave time-lagged study of 153 employees from US firms, and a two-wave panel study of 208 employees from US firms – found work engagement mediated the inverted U-shaped relationship between workload and innovative behavior. Moreover, when mindfulness was high, intermediate levels of workload were associated with increased innovative behavior through enhanced work engagement (Studies 1 and 2). We discuss the implications of these findings for theory and practice.
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High levels of work engagement lessen the detrimental effects of workload demands.
“High levels of work engagement are posited as invaluable resources that lessen the detrimental effects of workload demands (Bakker and Demerouti, 2017; Montani et al., 2020).”
From Exploring the impact of workload, organizational support, and work engagement on teachers' psychological wellbeing: a structural equation modeling approach (2024) · cites this paper as Montani et al., 2020
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- Authors
- Montani, F., Vandenberghe, C., Khedhaouria, A., & Courcy, F.
- Affiliations
- International University of Monaco (MC)
- HEC Montréal (CA)
- MBS School of Business (FR)
- Université de Sherbrooke (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Montani, Francesco
- Vandenberghe, Christian
- Khedhaouria, Anis
- Courcy, François
- Venue
- Human Relations
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2019-03-11
- Volume
- 73
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 59-93
- ISSN
- 0018-7267 (ISSN-L)
- 1741-282X
- OpenAlex
- W2921523424
- Cited by
- 252
- References
- 91
- Citations by year
- 2026: 29 · 2025: 41 · 2024: 44 · 2023: 42 · 2022: 58 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 4
- FWCI
- 33.66
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- hdl.handle.net
- Locations
- Human Relations (publishedVersion)
- Archivio istituzionale della ricerca (Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (430-2015-00476)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management › Job Satisfaction and Organizational Behavior
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Workaholism, burnout, and well-being
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Workplace Health and Well-being
- Keywords
- workload, innovative behavior, work engagement, mindfulness, inverted U-shaped relationship, job demands-resources model, workplace innovation, stress management, employee innovation
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