The DOI matches its Crossref record; 4 of the 4 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Implementation Intentions and the Theory of Planned Behavior
Abstract
This study concerns the implications of Peter Gollwitzer's concept of implementation intentions for Icek Ajzen's theory of planned behavior. Attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, and intentions were assessed before an intervention that required subjects to make implementation intentions concerning when and where they would perform breast self-examination during the next month. Behavior was assessed by self-report 1 month later. Results supported Gollwitzer's contention that goal intentions that have been supplemented by implementation intentions concerning where and when the behavior is to be performed are more likely to be enacted. Evidence suggested that implementation intentions were effective because they provided a mechanism that facilitated the retrieval of intentions in memory. Implementation intentions also reduced the capacity of past behavior to predict future behavior, suggesting that implementation intentions mimic the effect of habit in human action. Implications for applications of models of attitude-behavior relations are outlined.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Orbell et al. reported that 64% of all participants who formed implementation intentions (i.e., including both intenders and non-intenders) performed an exam, whereas among participants with strong goal intentions (i.e., participants whose intention scores were above the scale midpoint), 100% performed the exam.”
From The Interplay Between Goal Intentions and Implementation Intentions (2005) · cites this paper as Orbell et al. (1997)
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.51.6.1173 · Cited by 91,532
The theory of planned behavior
Ajzen, I. (1991) · Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes · doi:10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-t · Cited by 90,587
From Intentions to Actions: A Theory of Planned Behavior
Ajzen, I. (1985) · Action Control · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-69746-3_2 · Cited by 19,057
Prediction of goal-directed behavior: Attitudes, intentions, and perceived behavioral control
Ajzen, I., & Madden, T. J. (1986) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/0022-1031(86)90045-4 · Cited by 5,718
Cited by
Efficacy of the Theory of Planned Behaviour: A meta‐analytic review
Armitage, C. J., & Conner, M. (2001) · British Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1348/014466601164939 · Cited by 9,970
Implementation intentions: Strong effects of simple plans.
Gollwitzer, P. M. (1999) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.54.7.493 · Cited by 5,478
Intention—Behavior Relations: A Conceptual and Empirical Review
Sheeran, P. (2002) · European Review of Social Psychology · doi:10.1080/14792772143000003 · Cited by 3,688
Self-citationRepresentativeness revisited: Attribute substitution in intuitive judgment.
Kahneman, D., & Frederick, S. (2002) · Heuristics and Biases · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511808098.004 · Cited by 3,476
Extending the Theory of Planned Behavior: A Review and Avenues for Further Research
Conner, M., & Armitage, C. J. (1998) · Journal of Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1998.tb01685.x · Cited by 3,344
Implementation intentions and goal achievement: a meta-analysis of effects and processes
Gollwitzer, P. M., & Sheeran, P. (2006) · Advances in Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/s0065-2601(06)38002-1 · Cited by 3,236
“…Binge drinking 102 .68 Oettingen, Hö nig, and Gollwitzer (2000) Study 2 Compose a CV 20 1.25 Oettingen et al. (2000) Study 3 Complete a project 25 .80 Orbell, Hodgkins, and Sheeran (1997) Breast self‐ examination 155 1.22 Orbell and Sheeran (1999) Study 3 Reduce snack food consumption 111…”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationSlovic, P., Finucane, M., Peters, E., & MacGregor, D. G. (2002) · Heuristics and Biases · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511808098.025 · Cited by 2,349
Reflections on Past Behavior: A Self‐Report Index of Habit Strength 1
Verplanken, B., & Orbell, S. (2003) · Journal of Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1559-1816.2003.tb01951.x · Cited by 2,030
Self-citationSniehotta, F. F., Scholz, U., & Schwarzer, R. (2005) · Psychology & Health · doi:10.1080/08870440512331317670 · Cited by 1,350
Residual Effects of Past on Later Behavior: Habituation and Reasoned Action Perspectives
Ajzen, I. (2002) · Personality and Social Psychology Review · doi:10.1207/s15327957pspr0602_02 · Cited by 1,249
Episodic Simulation of Future Events: Concepts, Data, and Applications
Schacter, D. L., Addis, D. R., & Buckner, R. L. (2008) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1196/annals.1440.001 · Cited by 840
Social cognition models and health behaviour: A structured review
Armitage, C. J., & Conner, M. (2000) · Psychology & Health · doi:10.1080/08870440008400299 · Cited by 797
An online prepurchase intentions model
Shim, S., Eastlick, M. A., Lotz, S. L., & Warrington, P. (2001) · Journal of Retailing · doi:10.1016/s0022-4359(01)00051-3 · Cited by 797
Dead Or Alive? The Development, Trajectory And Future Of Technology Adoption Research.
University of Arkansas, Venkatesh, V., Davis, F., University of Arkansas, Morris, M., & University of Virginia (2007) · Journal of the Association for Information Systems · doi:10.17705/1jais.00120 · Cited by 789
Implementation intentions and efficient action initiation.
Brandstätter, V., Lengfelder, A., & Gollwitzer, P. M. (2001) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.81.5.946 · Cited by 644
The Interplay Between Goal Intentions and Implementation Intentions
Sheeran, P., Webb, T. L., & Gollwitzer, P. M. (2005) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167204271308 · Cited by 597
Self-citationThe automatic component of habit in health behavior: Habit as cue-contingent automaticity.
Orbell, S., & Verplanken, B. (2010) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0019596 · Cited by 563
Self-citationAttaining personal goals: Self-concordance plus implementation intentions equals success.
Koestner, R., Lekes, N., Powers, T. A., & Chicoine, E. (2002) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.83.1.231 · Cited by 526
Adriaanse, M. A., Vinkers, C. D. W., De Ridder, D. T. D., Hox, J. J., & De Wit, J. B. F. (2011) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2010.10.012 · Cited by 455
Towards a theory of intentional behaviour change: Plans, planning, and self‐regulation
Sniehotta, F. F. (2009) · British Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1348/135910708x389042 · Cited by 437
Some problems with social cognition models: A pragmatic and conceptual analysis.
Ogden, J. (2003) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/0278-6133.22.4.424 · Cited by 426
How do implementation intentions promote goal attainment? A test of component processes
Webb, T. L., & Sheeran, P. (2007) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2006.02.001 · Cited by 414
Self-citationSelf‐Regulation Assessment and Intervention in Physical Health and Illness: A Review
Maes, S., & Karoly, P. (2005) · Applied Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1464-0597.2005.00210.x · Cited by 389
Webb, T. L., & Sheeran, P. (2008) · British Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1348/014466607x267010 · Cited by 351
Self-citationThe Hippocampus and Imagining the Future: Where Do We Stand?
Addis, D. R., & Schacter, D. L. (2012) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2011.00173 · Cited by 285
Dumas, J. E. (2005) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1207/s15374424jccp3404_20 · Cited by 285
Kwasnicka, D., Presseau, J., White, M., & Sniehotta, F. F. (2013) · Health Psychology Review · doi:10.1080/17437199.2013.766832 · Cited by 237
Strategic automation of emotion regulation.
Gallo, I. S., Keil, A., McCulloch, K. C., Rockstroh, B., & Gollwitzer, P. M. (2009) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0013460 · Cited by 235
Tobias, R. (2009) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/a0015512 · Cited by 165
Mental Contamination and the Debiasing Problem
Wilson, T. D., Centerbar, D. B., & Brekke, N. (2002) · Heuristics and Biases · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511808098.012 · Cited by 160
Sheeran, P., Aubrey, R., & Kellett, S. (2007) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.75.6.853 · Cited by 151
Self-citationThe calibration of expert judgment: heuristics and biases beyond the laboratory
Koehler, D. J., Brenner, L., & Griffin, D. (2002) · Heuristics and Biases · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511808098.041 · Cited by 146
Walker, A. E., Grimshaw, J., Johnston, M., Pitts, N., Steen, N., & Eccles, M. (2003) · BMC Health Services Research · doi:10.1186/1472-6963-3-22 · Cited by 133
Higgins, A., & Conner, M. (2003) · Psychology, Health & Medicine · doi:10.1080/1354850031000087555 · Cited by 130
Kizilcec, R. F., & Cohen, G. L. (2017) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1611898114 · Cited by 113
Motivation and Volition in the Course of Action
Achtziger, A., & Gollwitzer, P. M. (2018) · Motivation and Action · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-65094-4_12 · Cited by 104
Implementation Intentions Facilitate Response Inhibition in Children with ADHD
Gawrilow, C., & Gollwitzer, P. M. (2008) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-007-9150-1 · Cited by 103
Successfully leaving work at work: The self-regulatory underpinnings of psychological detachment
Smit, B. W. (2016) · Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology · doi:10.1111/joop.12137 · Cited by 98
Conner, M., & Higgins, A. R. (2010) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0020317 · Cited by 95
Brickell, T. A., & Chatzisarantis, N. L. D. (2007) · Psychology of Sport and Exercise · doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2006.11.001 · Cited by 62
Bard-Pondarré, R., Villepinte, C., Roumenoff, F., Lebrault, H., Bonnyaud, C., Pradeau, C., Bensmail, D., Isner-Horobeti, M.-E., & Krasny-Pacini, A. (2023) · Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine · doi:10.2340/jrm.v55.6498 · Cited by 56
de Vries, P., Aarts, H., & Midden, C. J. H. (2011) · Environment and Behavior · doi:10.1177/0013916510369630 · Cited by 48
A theory-based online health behavior intervention for new university students: study protocol
Epton, T., Norman, P., Sheeran, P., Harris, P. R., Webb, T. L., Ciravegna, F., Brennan, A., Meier, P., Julious, S. A., Naughton, D., et al. (2013) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-13-107 · Cited by 34
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Orbell, S., Hodgkins, S., & Sheeran, P.
- Venue
- Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 1997-09
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 945-954
- ISSN
- 0146-1672 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-7433
- OpenAlex
- W2064408990
- Cited by
- 658
- References
- 4
- FWCI
- 33.54
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
