Common methods bias: does common methods variance really bias results?

Doty, D. Harold; Glick, William H.

doi:10.1177/109442819814002

Cited by 1,380Psychometric Methodologies and TestingBusiness Strategies and Management ResearchMeta-analysis and systematic reviews

Common methods bias: does common methods variance really bias results?

Doty, D. Harold, Glick, William H.·1998·Organizational Research Methods

DOI 10.1177/109442819814002

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Abstract

Methods variance and its effects are at the center of a debate in organizational science. Most of the debate, however, is focused on the prevalence of common methods variance and ignores common methods bias, or the divergence between observed and true relationships among constructs. This article assesses the level of common methods bias in all multitrait-multimethod correlation matrices published over a 12-year period in a set of six social science journals using a combination of structural equation modeling and meta-analysis. The results indicate that only 46% of the variation in measures is attributable to the constructs, that 32% of the observed variation in measures is attributable to common methods variance, and that common methods variance results in a 26% bias in the observed relationships among constructs. This level of bias is cause for concern but does not invalidate many research findings.

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The study used a lagged longitudinal design in Study 2 to reduce concerns about transient common method bias.
“To help mitigate concerns about effects of transient sources of common method bias, we employed a lagged longitudinal design (Study 2; Doty and Glick, 1998;Podsakoff et al., 2003;Spector, 2006).”
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Authors: Doty, D. H., & Glick, W. H.
Affiliations: Syracuse University (US)
Arizona State University (US)
ORCID: Doty, D. Harold
Venue: Organizational Research Methods
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Published: 1998-10
Volume: 1
Issue: 4
Pages: 374-406
ISSN: 1094-4281 (ISSN-L)
1552-7425
DOI: 10.1177/109442819814002
OpenAlex: W2168082050
Cited by: 1,380
References: 84
Citations by year: 2026: 37 · 2025: 39 · 2024: 51 · 2023: 52 · 2022: 51 · 2021: 64 · 2020: 62 · 2019: 58 · 2018: 55 · 2017: 67 · 2016: 63 · 2015: 64 · 2014: 95 · 2013: 89 · 2012: 92
FWCI: 9.20
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations: Organizational Research Methods (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Business Strategies and Management Research
Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty › Meta-analysis and systematic reviews
Keywords: measurement bias, construct relationships, measurement error, organizational analysis

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