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What Do New Findings About Social Interaction in Autistic Adults Mean for Neurodevelopmental Research?
Open accessAbstract
Deficit-based accounts of social and communication abilities continue to dominate autism research. However, emerging findings suggest that this view may be overly simplistic and discount the two-way nature of interaction. Here we discuss the reconceptualization of social cognition to consider such difficulties as examples of bidirectional, multifaceted misattunement between autistic and nonautistic individuals. Aligned with progressive theoretical frameworks, emerging empirical research indicates that mismatches in communication styles can contribute to autistic social difficulties and the important role that nonautistic difficulties play. We highlight two areas of future research with the aim of providing empirical support for the views that the autistic community has proposed over the past 2 decades. We discuss the impact of such a paradigm shift on a number of levels, including how bridging the gap between different interaction styles can reduce stigma and increase understanding. Adopting such a framework will provide radical opportunities for transformative societal changes and education around inclusion.
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“Within this framework, the Autistic way of socializing, communicating, and sensing is seen as an alternate and acceptable form of human biology that should be celebrated and accommodated rather than corrected or cured (Davis & Crompton, 2021; Ortega, 2009).”
From Neurodiversity and Autism Intervention: Reconciling Perspectives Through a Naturalistic Developmental Behavioral Intervention Framework (2022) · cites this paper as Davis & Crompton, 2021
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“It is imperative to keep in mind that even Autistic people who lack fluency in “neurotypical” social skills can engage in successful interactions and form meaningful, reciprocal social bonds with others on and off the spectrum (Chen et al., 2021; Crompton et al., 2020; Davis & Crompton, 2021; Heasman & Gillespie, 2019).”
From Neurodiversity and Autism Intervention: Reconciling Perspectives Through a Naturalistic Developmental Behavioral Intervention Framework (2022) · cites this paper as Davis & Crompton, 2021
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“Milton’s (2012) influential Double Empathy Problem proposes a misalignment between the minds of autistic and nonautistic people, highlighting a lack of reciprocity in cross‐neurotype interactions as the source of social communication difficulties between autistic and nonautistic people (Davis & Crompton, 2021; Milton, Heasman, & Sheppard, 2018; Mitchell, Sheppard, & Cassidy, 2021).”
From Annual Research Review: Shifting from ‘normal science’ to neurodiversity in autism science (2022) · cites this paper as Davis & Crompton, 2021
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“Providers must also understand that social challenges do not lie solely within an Autistic person—they are relational, meaning that the interactional partner shares responsibility for preventing and remedying misunderstandings and social rejection (Davis & Crompton, 2021; Keating & Cook, 2020; Milton, 2012; Sasson et al., 2017).”
From Neurodiversity and Autism Intervention: Reconciling Perspectives Through a Naturalistic Developmental Behavioral Intervention Framework (2022) · cites this paper as Davis & Crompton, 2021
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“The double empathy problem further highlights that communication differences between autistic and non-autistic people are reciprocal, emerging through mismatches in how meaning is expressed and understood (Milton, 2012; Crompton et al., 2020; Davis and Crompton, 2021)”
From The system-level organisational design framework: a neuro-cognitive trait interaction approach to workplace inclusion for autistic people (2026) · cites this paper as Davis and Crompton, 2021
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“It is also beginning to be reflected in academic discussions, with a flurry of review papers, perspective pieces and edited books published in the last 12 months alone (Bertilsdotter Rosqvist et al., 2020; Bölte, Lawson, Marschik, & Girdler, 2021; Davis & Crompton, 2021; Kapp, 2020; Leadbitter, Buckle, Ellis, & Dekker, 2021; Mitchell et al., 2021; Walker & Raymaker, 2020).”
From Annual Research Review: Shifting from ‘normal science’ to neurodiversity in autism science (2022) · cites this paper as Davis & Crompton, 2021
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Metadata
- Authors
- Davis, R., & Crompton, C. J.
- Affiliations
- University of Edinburgh (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Davis, Rachael
- Venue
- Perspectives on Psychological Science
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2021-02-09
- Volume
- 16
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 649-653
- ISSN
- 1745-6916 (ISSN-L)
- 1745-6924
- PMC
- PMC8114326
- OpenAlex
- W3126209166
- Cited by
- 136
- References
- 41
- Citations by year
- 2026: 22 · 2025: 34 · 2024: 32 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 7
- FWCI
- 10.52
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Perspectives on Psychological Science (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Queen Margaret University Publications Repository (Queen Margaret University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Edinburgh Research Explorer (University of Edinburgh) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Economic and Social Research Council (ES/P00265X/1)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Child and Animal Learning Development
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Disability Rights and Representation
- Keywords
- autism spectrum disorder, autistic adults, social interaction, social cognition, deficit model, misattunement, bidirectional interaction, stigma, inclusion
- MeSH terms
- Social Interaction, Adult, Autistic Disorder, Communication, Humans, Research
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