Theories of Political Ecology: Monopoly Capital Against People and the Planet

Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.

Many Northern theories-and Southern theories uplifted in the North-disdain particular paths to the universal, especially national liberation.

“disdain particular paths to the universal, especially national liberation”

Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.

Many Northern theories-and Southern theories uplifted in the North-seldom engage seriously with industrialization.

“seldom engage seriously with industrialization”

Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.

Many Northern theories-and Southern theories uplifted in the North-continue to reject or sidestep the polarized nature of accumulation.

“many Northern theories-and Southern theories uplifted in the Northcontinue to reject or sidestep the polarized nature of accumulation”

Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.

Within the post-development and extractivism literature, critiques of modernity and development continue to be pervasive.

“This article showed how within the post-development and extractivism literature, critiques of modernity and development continue to be pervasive.”

Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.

Leonardi and Torre, in their important analysis of Marxist ecology, do not engage with the globally polarized nature of ecological crisis and imperialism.

“Leonardi and Torre, in their important analysis of Marxist ecology, do not engage with the globally polarized nature of ecological crisis and imperialism.”

• cites Leonardi and TorreNot matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

It may state two separate claims as one.

A certain Marxism resisted the interventions of dependency and neocolonialism theory, suppressing the role of primitive accumulation while building a historical interpretation of capitalism with origins essentially in domestic British class structures and polemicizing against autocentered development for the periphery.

“A certain Marxism resisted these interventions, suppressing the role of primitive accumulation while building a historical interpretation of capitalism with origins essentially in domestic British class structures and polemicizing against autocentered development for the periphery (Brenner, 1977).”

• cites Brenner, 1977 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source

It may state two separate claims as one.

Despite the partial rollback of the national liberation movement, many forces and processes continue to contest the future of the world system and shift to multipolarity, including partially industrialized semi-peripheries such as Brazil and South Africa, a decreased ability of monopoly capital to dictate military outcomes, near-permanent insurrection, newly radicalized states such as Venezuela, a

“Third, despite the partial rollback of the national liberation movement (Abdel-Malek, 1985) many forces and processes continue to contest the future of the world system and shift to multipolarity, including partially industrialized semi-peripheries, such as Brazil and South Africa, theoretically subject to capture by radical forces; decreased ability of monopoly capital to dictate military”

• cites Abdel-Malek, 1985Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

• cites Yeros, 2021Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

It may state two separate claims as one.

EUE emerged in the mid-1980s as a 'biophysical' revision of Marxism, noting that throughout history certain regions of the world economy exported material throughput while remaining underdeveloped.

“EUE emerged in the mid-1980s as a”

Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.

Andreas Malm (2013) set out a new 'general formula' of 'fossil capital': increasing quantities of CO2 are a necessary part of capital accumulation, materially indispensable for value creation; fossil capital is self-expanding value passing through the metamorphosis of fossil fuels into CO2.

“Andreas Malm (2013) has elaborated it amidst considerable theoretical magic works, setting out a new”

• cites Malm, 2013 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source

Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.

EUE work has established the non-neutrality of technology not merely with respect to facilitating international value flows, but from the uneven impacts of ecological crisis.

“It has established the non-neutrality of technology not merely with respect to facilitating international value flows, but from the uneven impacts of ecological crisis.”

Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.

Many prominent new theories follow an old path of focusing on the agency of a nationally-constituted Northern working class or foregoing class analysis altogether, justifying national-chauvinist Northern ecological politics blind to polarization and permanent primitive accumulation.

“One follows an old path of focusing on the agency of a nationally-constituted Northern working class or foregoes class analysis all together, justifying national-chauvinist Northern ecological politics, blind to polarization and permanent primitive accumulation.”

Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.

Amidst the climate crisis, much political ecology has partially restaged the discussion, with accompanying Eurocentrism, methodological nationalism, and overfocus on the industrial and Northern spheres of the labor process.

“Amidst the climate crisis-the broader ecological crisis is increasingly sidestepped-much political ecology has partially restaged the discussion, with accompanying Eurocentrism, methodological nationalism, and overfocus on the industrial and Northern spheres of the labor process.”

Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.

The debate over imperialism and development was not resolved but rather politically evaporated as part of intellectual structural adjustment.

“was not resolved but rather politically evaporated as part of intellectual structural adjustment.”

Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.

Carbon reductionism in ecological theorizing is not new.

“Such carbon reductionism is not new.”

Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.

Eco-modernism, alongside fossil capitalist thinking, has argued for the categorical technological neutrality of technology.

“eco-modernism (alongside fossil capitalist thinking) has argued for the categorical technological neutrality of technology.”

It may state two separate claims as one.

Peripheral marginalized/semi-proletariat forces are central in resisting monopoly capital and achieving social control over the human-ecology metabolism.

“Correspondingly, this article shows the centrality of peripheral marginalized/semi-proletariat forces in resisting monopoly capital and achieving social control over the human-ecology metabolism.”

Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.

'Extractivism' does not adequately contend with EUE and lacks any serious theory of development, when it does not reject the category entirely.

“it does not adequately contend with EUE and lacks any serious theory of development, when it does not reject the category entirely.”

Probably not a substantial claim. The authors may not put it forward as true. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.

'Extractivism' has a peripheral genealogy.

“While”

Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.

Fossil capitalism is mistaken in its reliance on a false theory of linear proletarianization and strategic calls for internationalism without accounting for the different paths to popular ecological development.

“Fossil capitalism is mistaken in its reliance on a false theory of linear proletarianization and strategic calls for internationalism without accounting for the different paths to popular ecological development”

Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.

Political ecology emerged as a field of study in the 1970s in reaction to dominant political science, Marxism's lack of focus on the impact of ecological damage on working-class health and well-being, and widespread environmental determinism.

“Political ecology emerged as a field of study in the 1970s in reaction to dominant political science, Marxism's lack of focus on the impact of ecological damage on working-class health and well-being, and widespread environmental determinism.”

Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.

These theories draw arbitrary spatial and social borders around their conception of accumulation, in effect claiming that much of the periphery, barely woven into the CO2 circuit, is not relevant to theorizing the political ecology of emissions, and erasing the agrarian question from ecological politics.

“These theories draw arbitrary spatial and social borders around their conception of accumulation, in effect claiming that much of the periphery, barely woven into the CO 2 circuit, is not relevant to theorizing the political ecology of emissions, and erasing the agrarian question from ecological politics.”

Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.

With the rise of the Asian and African national liberation movements and radicalized Latin American states, theories of neocolonialism and dependency emerged to holistically interpret the dialectic of 'interior' and 'exterior' in peripheral underdevelopment.

“With the rise of the Asian and African national liberation movements and radicalized Latin American states, theories of neocolonialism and dependency emerged to holistically interpret the dialectic of”

Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.

In the 1980s, new currents of Marxism emerged, fusing value theory and focus on the environment, with reconstruction of ecological thinking in the Marxist canon.

“In the 1980s, new currents of Marxism emerged, fusing value theory and focus on the environment, with reconstruction of ecological thinking in the Marxist canon (Foster, 1999;Mies & Shiva, 1993;O'Connor, 1988).”

• cites Foster, 1999 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source
• cites Mies & Shiva, 1993 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source
• cites O'Connor, 1988 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source

Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.

The new debate emerges amidst shifts within the earth system which threaten to make it unhospitable to human life.

“The new debate uniquely emerges amidst shifts within the earth system which threaten to make it unhospitable to human life.”

It may state two separate claims as one.

The reviewed theories (other than degrowth) either displace transformative obligations wholly onto the South or adopt a framework that centers merely the agency of the Northern working class or a class-blind movement of movements.

“It finds that with the exception of degrowth, none of them take imperialism or the global history of accumulation sufficiently seriously, and either displace transformative obligations wholly onto the South or adopt a framework which centers merely the agency of the Northern working class or a class-blind movement of movements.”

Probably not a substantial claim.

Malm makes fossil fuel-induced global warming 'the movement of movements, at the top of the food chain'.

“Malm makes fossil fuel-induced global warming”

• cites Malm, 2016Not checked — no full text of the source

Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.

Asserting rather than establishing the homologousness of contemporary capitalism is a pretext to overprivilege climate over broader ecological crises.

“Asserting rather than establishing the homologousness of contemporary capitalism is a pretext to overprivilege climate over broader ecological crises”

Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.

Such radical governments did not merely attack a central basis of domestic accumulation but swam against the neoliberal current which marshals credit down-rating, destabilization, and sanctions against bids to shift the world balance of power.

“It is missed that such governments did not merely attack a central basis of domestic accumulation but swam against the neoliberal current which marshals credit down-rating, destabilization, and sanctions against bids to shift the world balance of power.”

It may state two separate claims as one.

Focusing on emissions at the point of consumption and Northern transport and asserting a climate 'emergency' does not consider that such social blocs often prioritize anti-imperialism or agrarian reform rather than emissions reductions.

“nor that they often prioritize anti-imperialism or agrarian reform rather than emissions reductions”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: Peripheral social blocs often prioritize anti-imperialism or agrarian reform rather than emissions reductions.

It may state two separate claims as one.

Taking state power is not even on the agenda in this literature, as disdain for the state suffuses it.

“Indeed, taking state power is not even on the agenda (cf.Heron & Dean, 2022), as disdain for the state suffuses this literature, against the Chavista position that “it is not an option to be governed by the criminals who ruled in the past” (Marquina & Gilbert, 2020) or the Arab nationalist position defending the “peripheral nation”s working [class's]… right to exercise sovereignty, through the”

• cites Heron & Dean, 2022Not matched

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• cites Marquina & Gilbert, 2020Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

• cites Kadri, 2016, p. 272 sourceCheck pending

Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.

Extractivist literature mirrors fossil capital literature in focusing only on a portion of the labor process, ignoring contradictions of Southern development and national liberation against imperialism and monopoly capital.

“They furthermore mirror the fossil capital literature in focusing only on a portion of the labor process, ignoring the contradictions of Southern development and national liberation as they unfold against imperialism and monopoly capital.”

Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.

Extractivismo too often offers a political ecology without a geopolitics of development: eco-socialism in one country.

“Extractivismo too often offers a political ecology without a geopolitics of development: eco-socialism in one country.”

It may state two separate claims as one.

Extractivism cannot be this kind of appropriation unless it is a historical constant, which would mean it cannot meaningfully describe a distinct accumulation regime.

“Extractivism cannot be this kind of appropriation unless it is a historical constant, which would mean it cannot meaningfully describe a distinct accumulation regime”

Probably not a substantial claim. The authors may not put it forward as true. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.

Extractivist theories claim a continuity between Southern neoliberal and neo-developmental states concerning their inability to break from ecologically harmful resource extraction, and blame Southern commodity exports for contributing to underdevelopment.

“Superficially, these theories take seriously peripheral social struggles, claiming a continuity between Southern neoliberal and neo-developmental states concerning their inability to break from ecologically harmful resource extraction, and blaming Southern commodity exports for contributing to underdevelopment.”

Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.

Soil erosion and biodiversity loss have been equally necessary for capital accumulation.

“Soil erosion and biodiversity loss have been equally necessary for capital accumulation.”

It may state two separate claims as one.

The degree of processing can, but need not, correlate with increased value captured domestically, which can, but need not, mean a greater labor share of value secured in the production process.

“The degree of processing can, but need not, correlate with increased value captured domestically which can, but need not, mean a greater labor share of value secured in the production process.”

It may state two separate claims as one.

China is not imperialist, since imperialism concerns a relationship of net value import and the violence which stabilizes and deepens such value flows.

“Furthermore, China is not imperialist, since imperialism concerns a relationship of net value import and the violence which stabilizes and deepens such value flows (Kadri, 2019).”

• cites Kadri, 2019 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source

Probably not a substantial claim.

The theory of fossil capital implies that energies which increase labor productivity ought to be part of general theories of accumulation.

“First, it implies energies that increase labor productivity ought to be part of general theories of accumulation-animal capital to water capital to fossil capital to solar capital.”

It may state two separate claims as one.

Eco-modernist political ecology is in essence a subset of the fossil capital literature and has a similar class analysis, if sometimes more attentive to class composition in the core, in particular the role of environmental/climate NGOs.

“Another political ecology, in essence a subset of the fossil capital literature, has a similar class analysis, if sometimes more attentive to class composition in the core, in particular the role of environmental/climate NGOs.”

It may state two separate claims as one.

This notion rests on the a priori apartheid concept of radical human-nature separations, eliding the historical and contemporary role of labor in producing and maintaining socio-natures.

“This notion rests on the a priori apartheid concept of radical human-nature separations, eliding the historical and contemporary role of labor in producing and maintaining socio-natures (Erickson, 2008;Toledo, 2001).”

• cites Erickson, 2008Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

• cites Toledo, 2001 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source

Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.

Eco-modernist theory has been broadly silent on trade-union support for imperialism.

“It has been broadly silent on trade-union support for imperialism.”

It may state two separate claims as one.

The 'fossil capital' framework overstates its centrality to and explanatory capacity for accumulation on a world scale, erasing imperialist devastation and targeting and contemporary resistance.

“Furthermore,”

Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.

Extractivism displaces politics onto the South.

“displaces politics onto the South”

Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.

Such false universalism is a pretext to elevate Northern workers or other social layers, postponing other liberatory struggles, and making the particular needs of the periphery subject to a broader cause claimed to be universal but reflecting the viewpoint of a Northern left.

“Such false universalism is a pretext to elevate the agencies of Northern workers or other social layers, postponing other liberatory struggles, and making the particular needs of the periphery subject to a broader cause claimed to be universal but reflecting the viewpoint of a Northern left.”

Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.

This literature uses the macroeconomic stabilization achievements of the Bolivian government as a criticism of its development model.

“Indeed, this literature uses the macroeconomic stabilization achievements of the Bolivian government as a criticism of its development model (McNelly, 2020).”

• cites McNelly, 2020Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.

Mining implies the application of constant and variable capital to non-human nature.

“Mining implies the application of constant and variable capital to non-human nature”

It may state two separate claims as one.

A world-systemic sociology enfolding domestic class obstacles is precisely where extractivism is weakest, because these radical states did not dispossess their bourgeoisies.

“To advance the debate, a sociology of the forces which blocked that agenda is needed; but a world-systemic sociology, enfolding domestic class obstacles-for these states did not dispossess their bourgeoisies -is precisely where extractivism is weakest.”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The radical Latin American states did not dispossess their bourgeoisies.

Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.

In terms of planning, extractivism retreats from dependency and neocolonialism literature which advocated commodity cartels and price planning, understanding one could not simply rupture with capitalism and associated trade flows.

“In terms of planning, extractivism retreats from dependency and neocolonialism literature which advocated commodity cartels and price planning, understanding one could not simply rupture with capitalism and associated trade flows.”

It may state two separate claims as one.

The presence and nature of oil in the Arab region have led to de-development and decreased envelopment of Arab region working-class populations into the fossil-fuel energy system.

“The presence and nature of oil in the Arab region have led to de-development and decreased envelopment of Arab region working-class populations into the fossil-fuel energy system (Ajl, 2021c;Kadri, 2016, p. 249ff;).”

• cites Ajl, 2021cNot matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

• cites Kadri, 2016 sourceCheck pending

Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.

This technological politics confuses opposition to the agenda of monopoly capital, which is implemented through certain paths of technological development.

“This technological politics confuses opposition to the agenda of monopoly capital, which is implemented through certain paths of technological development.”

It may state two separate claims as one.

Capitalist property relations rest on concrete appearances in nature and directly structure global accumulation.

“Furthermore, capitalist property relations do rest on concrete appearances in nature, directly structuring global accumulation, and such appearances show no secular tendency toward disappearance.”

Probably not a substantial claim.

Extractivism's diagnoses are frequently paired with attacks against an undertheorized 'development,' a term that conflates distinct models and class interests affecting how productive forces and their products were deployed and distributed.

“Its diagnoses are frequently paired with attacks against an undertheorized”

Probably not a substantial claim.

Extractivismo does not simply diagnose underdevelopment but implies or calls for alternative forms of, or alternatives to, development.

“Extractivismo does not simply diagnose underdevelopment but implies or calls for alternative forms of, or alternatives to, development.”

It may state two separate claims as one.

The periphery harbors massive labor reservoirs and is darkened by underdevelopment to compress tropical commodity prices and preserve the value of money.

“Many commodity crops can only be produced in the periphery, which is why it harbors massive labor reservoirs and is darkened by underdevelopment, to compress tropical commodity prices and preserve the value of money; such concrete appearances were essential to the primitive accumulation via drain that produced monopoly capitalism (Patnaik & Patnaik, 2021).”

• cites Patnaik & Patnaik, 2021Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.

Kindred work sometimes invoking a dubious 'globalization' focuses on China's role in a new dependency cycle in Africa and Latin America.

“while kindred work, sometimes invoking a dubious “globalization,” focuses on China's role in a new dependency cycle in Africa and Latin America.”

Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.

Extractivism is conceptually incoherent.

“However, conceptually, extractivism is incoherent”

It may state two separate claims as one.

The extractivist/antidevelopmental literature has devoted little attention to how monopoly capital has deformed socialist construction, and less to actually reconstituting an emancipatory ideological framework, defending the needs of workers and peasants, and identifying and resisting the agenda of monopoly capital.

“However, the extractivist/ antidevelopmental literature has devoted little attention to how monopoly capital has deformed socialist construction, and less to actually reconstituting an emancipatory ideological framework, defending the needs of workers and peasants, and identifying and resisting the agenda of monopoly capital (Jha et al., 2020).”

• cites Jha et al., 2020Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

It may state two separate claims as one.

Poor peasants can shift to more drought resilient crops, but not if germplasm diversity has been destroyed by the Green Revolution, or if trophic webs collapse, or if planetary boundaries are otherwise exceeded.

“Poor peasants can shift to more drought resilient crops, but not if germplasm diversity has been destroyed by the Green Revolution, or if trophic webs collapse, or if planetary boundaries are otherwise exceeded (see Pörtner et al., 2021;Rockström et al., 2009).”

• cites Pörtner et al., 2021Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

• cites Rockström et al., 2009 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source

Probably not a substantial claim.

In Malm's work, the so-called necessary conditions for social reproduction on a world scale are implied or asserted rather than argued.

“Yet, the nature”

• cites Malm, 2016Not checked — no full text of the source

It may state two separate claims as one.

Ruling-class Thermidor landlord hiring of mercenaries to assassinate peasant activists to stymie Venezuelan agrarian reform, and Bolivian ruling-class attacks against the MAS project, do not enter extractivismo sociology.

“Additionally, ruling-class Thermidorlandlord hiring of mercenaries to assassinate peasant activists to stymie the Venezuelan agrarian reform, or Bolivian ruling-class attacks against the MAS project (Vázquez & Arias, 2021)-does not enter extractivismo sociology.”

• cites Vázquez & Arias, 2021Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.

Degrowth has above all thrown a wrench in growthist ideology's legitimation of Northern capitalism.

“Degrowth has above all thrown a wrench in growthist ideology's legitimation of Northern capitalism.”

Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.

The homologousness assertion overlooks super-exploitation and international value flows.

“overlook super-exploitation and international value flows”

It may state two separate claims as one. The quote only partly states this claim.

The fossil capital framework justifies carbon exceptionalism using 'emergency' logic, reducing the ecological crisis and the broader crisis of social reproduction to global warming.

“The framework justifies carbon exceptionalism using”

It may state two separate claims as one.

China is leading the world in renewables construction and installation, alongside rapid reductions in pollution.

“and it is leading the world in renewables construction and installation, alongside rapid reductions in pollution.10”

• cites [10]Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

It may state two separate claims as one.

The theory of fossil capital, which prioritizes climate, sidesteps the distributional consequences of alternative energy installations and mineral sourcing, whose costs and benefits fall upon imperialist and capitalist lines of power and powerlessness.

“The theory of fossil capital, which prioritizes climate, sidesteps the distributional consequences of alternative energy installations (Dunlap, 2019;Franquesa & Bartolome, 2018;Stock & Birkenholtz, 2021), and mineral sourcing, whose costs and benefits will fall upon imperialist and capitalist lines of power and powerlessness.”

• cites Dunlap, 2019 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source
• cites Franquesa & Bartolome, 2018Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

• cites Stock & Birkenholtz, 2021Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

It may state two separate claims as one.

Labor is necessary historically for the creation and reproduction of the natural environment and human societies, but it is seldom accounted for.

“For while such labor is necessary (historically) for the creation and reproduction of the natural environment and human societies, it is seldom accounted for, and the lack of accounting of this nature is connected to racial, patriarchal, and colonial ideologies which have justified the appropriation of peripheral land (Gill, 2021).”

• cites Gill, 2021 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source

Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.

The homologousness assertion ignores imperial warfare associated with defending petrodollar imperialism and the profits associated with core oil monopolies.

“ignore the imperial warfare associated with defending petrodollar imperialism and the profits associated with core oil monopolies.”

It may state two separate claims as one.

Reducing the socio-ecological problem of waste under industrial capitalism to CO2, and blindness to specific peripheral social-ecological challenges, leads to neocolonial solutions like 'recommending' global veganism or Half-Earth conservation.

“Furthermore, reducing the socio-ecological problem of waste under industrial capitalism to CO 2 , and a blindness to specific peripheral social-ecological challenges, leads to neocolonial solutions like”

• cites Ajl & Wallace, 2021Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

• cites Büscher et al., 2017Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

It may state two separate claims as one.

The antifossil capitalism associated with fossil capital fetishism lacks social agents, is disinterested in dialogue with demands from the periphery, and is intrigued with a voluntarist notion of 'taking over' capitalist technology or planning solutions, ideologically disorganizing resistance to them.

“This is an antifossil capitalism lacking social agents, disinterested in dialogue with the particular demands emanating from the periphery, and intrigued with a voluntarist notion of”

Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.

Any shift toward socialized planning in a peripheral state risks imperial-imposed currency debauchment and sanctions, and large hard currency reserves and low inflation are a buffer against those tools.

“It is accordingly missed that any shift toward socialized planning in a peripheral state risks imperial-imposed currency debauchment and sanctions, and large hard currency reserves and low inflation are a buffer against those tools.”

It may state two separate claims as one.

Degrowth has gone beyond epistemological 'decolonization' to four matters: the burden of Northern sociopolitical transformation, directly engaging with the labor aristocracy and imperial modes of life; technologies for transformation; EUE and climate debt; and capitalism and sometimes neocolonialism and imperialism.

“Among prominent new-wave Northern climate theories, degrowth has gone beyond epistemological “decolonization” to four matters: the burden of Northern sociopolitical transformation, directly engaging with the labor aristocracy and imperial modes of life; technologies for transformation (Vastinjan, 2018(Vastinjan, , 2021)); EUE and climate debt; capitalism and sometimes neocolonialism and”

• cites Vastinjan, 2018Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

• cites Vastinjan, 2021Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.

Each interpretive decision places the burden of political transformation entirely on the South and sidesteps the historical and contemporary significance of regionalism and Latin American unity in socialist construction and development planning.

“Each interpretive decision places the burden of political transformation entirely on the South and sidesteps the historical and contemporary significance of regionalism and Latin American unity in socialist construction and development planning (Bruckmann & Dos Santos, 2015;Marini, 1969).”

• cites Bruckmann & Dos Santos, 2015Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

• cites Marini, 1969Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

It may state two separate claims as one.

The extractivist framework is trapped in methodological nationalism, with the optic on allegedly native-born pathologies of peripheral developmentalism.

“Furthermore, as with”

Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. It may state two separate claims as one. The quote only partly states this claim.

Klein's framework submerges proletarianization, labor exploitation, commodification, and capitalism in a gelatinous 'extraction,' offering little strategic map and less conceptual clarity.

“Indeed, Klein's framework submerges proletarianization, labor exploitation, commodification, and capitalism in a gelatinous”

It may state two separate claims as one.

Industrialization is intrinsically nonsustainable and polluting because it works on abiotic materials and needs an external agent to control its wastes, whereas soil damage directly harms agriculture.

“industrialization is intrinsically nonsustainable and polluting, because it works on abiotic materials and needs an external agent to control its wastes, whereas soil damage directly harms agriculture (Duncan & Duncan,1996).”

• cites Duncan & Duncan,1996 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source

Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.

Such dismissals risk denigrating the role of socialist construction in development and national liberation through deployment of a 'decolonial' neither left-nor-right logic.

“Such dismissals risk denigrating the role of socialist construction in development and national liberation through deployment of a “decolonial” neither left-nor-right logic.”

Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.

Extractivism lacks serious attention to futures planning.

“lacks serious attention to futures planning”

It may state two separate claims as one.

Eco-modernist theory echoes fossil capital work in ignoring South-North value flows and super-exploitation which constitute the particular shape of Northern social compacts, and thereby lays the groundwork for national socialisms.

“Such theory likewise echoes the fossil capital work in ignoring South-North value flows and super-exploitation which constitute the particular shape of Northern social compacts-the Brenner hypothesis teleported to the ecological sphere-and thereby lays the groundwork for national socialisms (Huber, 2022).”

• cites Huber, 2022Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.

A cousin of these critiques are dismissals of socialist construction, operating under 'the pattern of Western civilisation and of unlimited confidence in progress'.

“A cousin of these critiques are dismissals of socialist construction, operating under “the pattern of Western civilisation and of unlimited confidence in progress” (Lander, 2013, p. 88).”

• cites Lander, 2013, p. 88Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

It may state two separate claims as one.

Although extractivist literature gestures to the global evolution of the world-capitalist system and historical insertion of peripheral states into the global division of labor, the world system and imperialism persistently evaporate from nationalist sociologies.

“Although there are gestures to the global evolution of the world-capitalist system and the historical insertion of peripheral states into the global division of labor, the world system and imperialism persistently evaporate from nationalist sociologies.”

Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.

Extractivism does not seriously approach the relative rural-urban balances needed for a popular anticolonial and anti-imperialist development path, nor does it have an answer for what is to be done for the Third World poor whose basic well-being is directly tied to export commodities.

“Extractivism does not seriously approach the relative rural-urban balances needed for a popular anticolonial and anti-imperialist development path nor have an answer for what is to be done for Third World poor whose basic well being is directly tied to export commodities.”

Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.

To insist on the categorical nondamage to nature displaces the contradictions of popular development from the North, the historical major polluter, to the South.

“But to insist on the categorical nondamage to nature displaces the contradictions of popular development from the North, the historical major polluter, to the South.”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The North is the historical major polluter.

Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.

The extractivist notion of 'processing' is simplistic.

“Second, their notion of”

Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.

'Natural goods' can be consumed in a production process and not restored-let alone their productivity enhanced, as is possible in some forms of agriculture-but not exploited except metaphorically, or at least not like humans are exploited.

“and”

Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.

It remains unclear how much antisystemic struggle and socialist-linked thought is dismissed as 'modernity's' or 'developmentalist baggage,' terms that this literature seldom defines.

“It remains unclear how much antisystemic struggle and socialist-linked thought is dismissed as “modernity's” or “developmentalist baggage,” terms that this literature seldom defines.”

It may state two separate claims as one.

These metrics fail to capture in a clear way the choices involved in development planning and fail to illuminate historical shifts in processing and value-added within the periphery.

“These metrics fail to capture in a clear way the choices involved in development planning and fail to illuminate historical shifts in processing and value-added within the periphery.”

Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.

Focusing on emissions at the point of consumption and Northern transport and asserting a climate 'emergency' does not consider that such damages may only be addressed by social blocs which need to produce CO2 to develop.

“nor that such damages may only be addressed by social blocs which need to produce CO 2 to develop”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: Climate damages may only be addressed by social blocs which need to produce CO2 to develop.

It may state two separate claims as one.

Some eco-modernist literature severs the natural environment from social labor and claims natural systems do not require labor for their reproduction.

“Some of this literature goes further yet in its inattention to class analysis, severing the natural environment from social labor, claiming natural systems do not require labor for their reproduction (Huber, 2018), and this is why such”

• cites Huber, 2018Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.

Extractivism does not mention the burden of arms spending or the need of radical states to constrain their militaries to avoid coups, which are the most frequent vector of imperialist intrigue in the region.

“Nor does extractivism mention the burden of arms spending, or the need of radical states to constrain their militaries to avoid coups, the most frequent vector of imperialist intrigue in the region.”

It may state two separate claims as one.

One aspect occurs as peripheral exports exchange for capital and suffers from uneven terms of trade as one national capital enters uneven competition with another national capital.

“One aspect occurs as peripheral exports exchange for capital and suffers from uneven terms of trade as one national capital enters uneven competition with another national capital”

• cites Dussel, 1988Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.

The systemic destruction of human and non-human nature as inputs into the labor process suggests the need to elaborate a robust notion of waste, bringing ecological destruction into value theory systematically.

“The systemic destruction of human and non-human nature as inputs into the labor process suggests the need to elaborate a robust notion of waste, bringing ecological destruction into value theory systematically.”

Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.

This trade is distinct from appropriation or expropriation, which implies primitive accumulation and the use of violence.

“This trade, however, is distinct from appropriation or expropriation, which implies primitive accumulation and the use of violence.”

Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. It may state two separate claims as one.

Such unevenness is real, yet needs to be theorized using dependency/neocolonial theories.

“Such unevenness is real, yet needs to be theorized using dependency/ neocolonial theories.”

Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.

Lurking behind arguments concerning degrowth, extractivism, EUE, and misplaced overemphasis on the transformative role of the Northern working class is the question and pace of sovereign, ecologically modulated industrialization.

“Lurking behind arguments concerning degrowth, extractivism, EUE, and misplaced overemphasis on the transformative role of the Northern working class is the question and pace of sovereign, ecologically modulated industrialization.”

It may state two separate claims as one.

Industrialization and self-determination are linked in the periphery, particularly with respect to the question of worker's control, just as imperialism, militarized industrialization, and EUE have been linked for the core states.

“A first point of departure when considering industrialization and the ecology is that just as imperialism, militarized industrialization, and EUE have been linked for the core states, industrialization and selfdetermination are linked in the periphery, particularly with respect to the question of worker's control.”

Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.

Such planning would rest on properly valuing the labor inputs of those engaged in the labor-intensive reproduction of biodiversity, forests, and other labor processes which face marginalization or primitive accumulation under capitalism.

“Such planning would rest on properly valuing the labor inputs of those engaged in the labor-intensive reproduction of biodiversity, forests, and other labor processes which face marginalization or primitive accumulation under capitalism.”

Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.

Conceiving of capitalism as entropic, with value constituted by the waste of earth's capacity to support life and human life, clarifies theoretical and programmatic steps to replace capitalist metabolism and value relations with substantively rational social planning.

“Conceiving of capitalism as entropic, with value constituted by the waste of earth's capacity to support life and human life, clarifies theoretical and programmatic steps to replace capitalist metabolism and value relations with substantively rational social planning.”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: Capitalism is entropic, with value constituted by the waste of earth's capacity to support life and human life.

Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. It may state two separate claims as one.

That dominant position has risked sliding into an alliance with the US-EU agenda of leaning on Latin American grassroots struggles to see radical states as the primary contradiction rather than insisting that any resolution of such contradictions cannot be allied with US imperialism.

“Such a position has risked sliding into an alliance with the US-EU agenda of leaning on Latin American grassroots struggles to see radical states as the primary contradiction rather than insisting that any resolution of such contradictions, under any circumstances, cannot be allied with US imperialism.”

Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. It may state two separate claims as one.

Growth is not necessarily a priority of capitalism but is above all a relationship of hierarchy.

“growth not only refers to very different relationships over different periods, but is not necessarily a priority of capitalism-above all a relationship of hierarchy”

Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.

Mapping ecological crises and disparities in pollution, health outcomes, or vulnerabilities to natural disaster is not the same as theorizing them.

“Mapping ecological crises and disparities in pollution, health outcomes, or vulnerabilities to natural disaster is not the same as theorizing them.”

Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.

Higher core wages are bound to higher prices for core exports.

“Higher core wages are, finally, bound to higher prices for core exports.”

It may state two separate claims as one.

Some in agroecology seem to imagine 'transformation' of the food system can occur without attacking monopoly capitalism, reproducing an analytical populism, forfeiting the role of theory in clarifying practice, and disdaining to engage with work examining agroecology's relationship to self-reliant national planning.

“Ambiguity in agroecology succors such attempts, with some seeming to imagine”

• cites Bezner Kerr et al., 2022 sourceNot checked yet

Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.

More recent work has focused on how relocation of industrial production from core to periphery displaces pollution or aggravates it; on inequalities in use of atmospheric space and planetary capacity to absorb and metabolize CO2; on inequalities in material flows measured in tonnage; and on unequal deaths and vulnerability to climate-triggered disasters.

“More recent work has focused on how relocation of industrial production from core to periphery displaces pollution or aggravates it; on inequalities in use of atmospheric space and planetary capacity to absorb and metabolize CO 2 ; on inequalities in material flows measured in tonnage; and on unequal deaths and vulnerability to climate-triggered disasters.”

Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.

It can be stopped there if necessary, or from there that higher prices can be demanded for commodities, or value-added processing can occur, or where commodities can be consumed without entering unequal competition on the world market.

“It can be stopped there if necessary, or from there that higher prices can be demanded for commodities, or value-added processing can occur, or where commodities can be consumed without entering unequal competition on the world market.”

Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.

EUE often and mistakenly conflates those flows to the ecological damage which such flows can, but need not, rest on-wheat exports, for example, happen to, but need not, rest on soil degradation, or the undermining of the natural conditions for production.

“EUE often and mistakenly conflates those flows to the ecological damage which such flows can, but need not, rest on-wheat exports, for example, happen to, but need not, rest on soil degradation, or the undermining of the natural conditions for production.”

It may state two separate claims as one.

Fossil-producing states hold a huge amount of leverage in terms of systemic ecological transition, yet the deployment of their wealth is central to their own just transitions in a way not reducible to immediate shattering of circuits of fossil-linked capital.

“They hold a huge amount of leverage in terms of systemic ecological transition, yet the deployment of their wealth is central to their own just transitions in a way not reducible to immediate shattering of circuits of fossil-linked capital (Perry, 2020).”

• cites Perry, 2020 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source

It may state two separate claims as one.

The labor of biodiversity preservation and social reproduction can be seen as two sides of one coin, a coin which accrues to monopoly capital, South and North, in ways similar to the role of unwaged labor of social reproduction, which has historically fallen upon women.

“This perspective, not necessarily shared by those actors themselves, allows us to see the labor of biodiversity preservation and social reproduction as two sides of one coin, a coin which nevertheless in many ways accrues to monopoly capital, South and North, in ways similar to the role of unwaged labor of social reproduction, which has historically fallen upon women (Federici, 2012;James, 2012).”

• cites Federici, 2012Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

• cites James, 2012Not checked — no full text of the source

Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.

The concept of waste is an elaboration of that process.

“The concept of waste is an elaboration of that process.”

Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.

The Northern developmental path and its ecological load cannot be replicated.

“Meanwhile, Northern workingclass-centered arguments assert that the socialization and development of the productive forces in the core have created the material and social basis for a Northern-centered transformation of those forces toward ecological sustainability, overlooking that the Northern developmental path and its ecological load cannot be replicated.”

It may state two separate claims as one.

The simplified conceptual apparatus is a shared ground between most (but not all) degrowth analyses, laying the groundwork for lack of clarity when it comes to the history of global accumulation.

“The simplified conceptual apparatus is a shared ground between most (but not all) degrowth analyses, laying the groundwork for lack of clarity when it comes to the history of global accumulation.15”

It may state two separate claims as one.

This lack of clarity in agroecology reproduces broader faults in mainstream 'transformations' literature, which lacks a class perspective on the system to be transformed and is not useful for antisystemic movements.

“This lack of clarity reproduces broader faults in mainstream”

• cites Blythe et al., 2018 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source

Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.

The actual appropriation of or encroachment on nature operates within the neocolonial capitalist nation-space.

“the actual appropriation of or encroachment on nature operates within the neocolonial capitalist nationspace.”

It may state two separate claims as one.

Prominent theories of degrowth are increasingly anticapitalist but tend to avoid theorizing value, deploying a 'simplified conceptual apparatus,' often focusing on notions of 'bullshit jobs' or the subjective uselessness or irrationality of capitalist growth, and sometimes inattentive to capitalism's unevenness.

“Prominent theories of degrowth are increasingly anticapitalist but tend to avoid theorizing value, deploying a “simplified conceptual apparatus” (Heron, 2022), often focusing on notions of “bullshit jobs” or the subjective uselessness or irrationality of capitalist growth, and sometimes inattentive to capitalism's unevenness.”

• cites Heron, 2022 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source

It may state two separate claims as one.

Fewer Soviet emissions would have registered in a smaller climate impact but could have created an industrial plant unable to defeat the Nazi armies.

“Fewer Soviet emissions would have registered in a smaller climate impact but could have created an industrial plant unable to defeat the Nazi armies-”

• cites Moore, in Gann & Sparrow, 2021Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

It may state two separate claims as one.

Capital may transform them with pollution, which alchemizes that portion of nature into 'a fund for the accumulation of capital', and such waste is observed empirically and registered socially through the loss of human life before its historically given possible level, or deteriorated life-quality, thereby lowering the overall burden on capital of the reproduction of labor.

“It may transform them with pollution, which alchemizes that portion of nature into”

• cites Marx, 1973Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.

There are EUE theories dealing more directly with ecological damages, which are related but not reducible to polarized use of global resources.

“There are then the EUE theories dealing more directly with ecological damages, which are related but not reducible to polarized use of global resources.”

Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.

Kadri argues that the degradation of nature by capital is a means to control or regulate the reproduction of labour, shrinking the share of value obtained by labour.

“the degradation of nature by capital, the incarnation of the impersonal and objective forces of history, is means to control or regulate the reproduction of labour.”

• cites Kadri, 2019 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source

It may state two separate claims as one.

Although such groups are not responsible for the ecological crisis, there may be opportunities for a more balanced path to eco-development, an alternative style of development based on ecologically embedded production of basic needs.

“Indeed, although such groups are not responsible for the ecological crisis, there may be opportunities for a more balanced path to eco-development, an alternative style of development based on ecologically embedded production of basic needs (Abdalla, 1976(Abdalla, , 1977)).”

• cites Abdalla, 1976Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

• cites Abdalla, 1977Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The peripheral groups in question are not responsible for the ecological crisis.

It may state two separate claims as one.

Power relations allow monopoly price-setting for commodities below their value for peripheral exports, and above their value for core commodities.

“Power relations allow monopoly price-setting for commodities below their value for peripheral exports, and above their value for core commodities.”

Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.

Agroecology has not embraced the challenge of contributing to the discussion on technological sovereignty as linked to the role of industry in producing appropriate models of industrialization.

“Additionally, agroecology has not embraced the challenge of contributing to the discussion on technological sovereignty as linked to the role of industry in producing appropriate models of industrialization, and even digitalization toward the technical upgrading of agriculture.”

Probably not a substantial claim.

Marx brought out this process in embryonic form, referring to how capitalist production develops technology only by sapping the original sources of all wealth-the soil and the labourer.

“Marx brought out this process in embryonic form, referring to how”

• cites Marx, 1976Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.

Such violence is constant to imperialism and contributes to the relative power of different nation-states in the exchange relationship yet is conceptually distinct from that dynamic.

“Such violence is constant to imperialism and contributes to the relative power of different nation-states in the exchange relationship yet is conceptually distinct from that dynamic.”

It may state two separate claims as one.

Northern ecological theory in general and Fossil Capitalism Thought in particular have not only not engaged with these problematics but also have supplied arguments that are imperial armaments: the primary force currently stopping the flow of oil is the US state.

“Northern ecological theory in general and Fossil Capitalism Thought in particular have not only not engaged with these problematics but also have supplied arguments that are imperial armaments: the primary force currently stopping the flow of oil is the US state (cf.Upadhya, 2020).”

• cites Upadhya, 2020Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

It may state two separate claims as one.

Pollution or encroachment-and-destruction may undermine the conditions of reproduction of the peripheral working class, whether through eradication of the environment upon which they rely, producing flight to slums or cities, or poisoning it, cutting further into their wellbeing and shortening their lives below their historically given level.

“Pollution or encroachment-and-destruction, therefore, may undermine even more the conditions of reproduction of the peripheral working class in the broadest sense, whether through the simple eradication of the environment upon which they rely -producing flight to slums or cities-or poisoning it, cutting further into their wellbeing and shortening their lives below their historically given level.”

Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.

The dominant current in degrowth focuses on antiextractivist or non-state forces in Latin America to the exclusion of the state.

“The dominant current in degrowth focuses on antiextractivist or non-state forces in Latin America to the exclusion of the state.”

Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.

EUE tends toward agnosticism on the topic of sovereign industrialization, while clarifying that existing worldwide uneven industrialization is neither just nor sustainable, nor can it lead to worldwide developmental convergence.

“EUE tends toward agnosticism on this topic, while clarifying that existing worldwide uneven industrialization is neither just nor sustainable, nor can it lead to worldwide developmental convergence.”

It may state two separate claims as one.

There are methodological and theoretical problems with inferring exploitation or value transfer from these tabulations; much of this literature does not theoretically elaborate the facts it observes or elaborates it in ways divorced from value theory, and such facts reflect different types of enclosures or encroachments.

“Yet there are methodological and theoretical problems with inferring exploitation or value transfer from these tabulations; much of this literature does not theoretically elaborate the facts it observes or elaborates it in ways divorced from value theory, and such facts reflect different types of enclosures or encroachments.”

Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.

Prasad's point about the labor needed for the social reproduction of the environment, labor which is part of the value relation, provides a methodological entry point to conceptualize the role of indigenous working classes which disproportionately engage in nature-preservation work and could be a basis for suturing social struggles around extractive processes with broader antisystemic theory and实践

“For example, Prasad's (2019Prasad's ( , 2020) ) point about the labor needed for the social reproduction of the environmentlabor which is part of the value relation-provides a methodological entry point to through which one could conceptualize the role of indigenous working classes which disproportionately engage in such naturepreservation work, and could be a basis for suturing the social Strugg”

• cites Prasad's (2019Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

• cites [2020]Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

It may state two separate claims as one.

Oil's location has been and remains the basis for radicalized oil exporters to play a powerful role in transforming the world system; struggles within the oil and gas sector and for national-popular sovereignty over oil are central to contemporary geopolitics.

“Additionally, oil's location has been and remains the basis for radicalized oil exporters to play a powerful role in transforming the world system; struggles within the oil/gas sector and for national-popular sovereignty over oil are central to contemporary geopolitics.”

Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. It may state two separate claims as one.

We can reframe this aspect of EUE as referring to the unequal use and access to non-human nature through monopoly/imperialist control of world trade relations, as they interlock with local class structures, which are implicated in national-level primitive accumulation-neocolonialism.

“We can thus reframe this aspect of EUE as referring to the unequal use and access to non-human nature through monopoly/ imperialist control of world trade relations, as they interlock with local class structures, which are implicated in national-level primitive accumulation-neocolonialism.”

It may state two separate claims as one.

Subsequent elaborations quantified and historicized unequal exchange in South-North trade, exceeding relative productivity differentials, which reflect earlier primitive accumulation/unequal exchange.

“Subsequent elaborations quantified and historicized unequal exchange in South-North trade, exceeding relative productivity differentials-which, however, reflect earlier primitive accumulation/ unequal exchange”

• cites Amin, 1977bNot matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

• cites Kadri, 2016 sourceCheck pending

Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.

Waste is distinct from primitive accumulation, which refers to the separation of workers from their means of production through involuntary and external means.

“Note, this is distinct from primitive accumulation, which refers to the separation of workers from their means of production through involuntary and external means”

• cites Patnaik, 2017Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

It may state two separate claims as one.

The EUE literature developed from studies in Brazil and fused with older work, tracing back to CEPAL structuralism, on uneven exchange and declining terms of trade for Southern exports.

“This literature developed from studies in Brazil (Bunker, 1988) and fused with older work, tracing back to CEPAL structuralism, on uneven exchange and declining terms of trade for Southern exports.”

• cites Bunker, 1988Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.

EUE has pointed to the greater impact of climate change, or the colonization and primitive accumulation of the atmosphere, on the South versus the North, including direct destruction of lives through natural disasters or long-run damage to the productivity of the South.

“EUE has furthermore pointed to the greater impact of climate change, or the colonization and primitive accumulation of the atmosphere, on the South versus the North, including the direct destruction of lives through natural disasters or long-run damage to the productivity of the South.”

• cites Roberts & Parks, 2006Not checked — no full text of the source

Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.

Workerist Northern theories focus myopically on industrial production, except when it comes to oil, and sideline any transformative role for antisystemic processes or states in Venezuela, Bolivia, or Zimbabwe, or the inheritors of revolutionary processes such as Iran.

“Workerist Northern theories focus myopically on industrial production-oddly, except when it comes to oil.They sideline any transformative role for antisystemic processes (or states) with/in Venezuela, Bolivia, or Zimbabwe, or the inheritors of revolutionary processes, such as Iran.”

Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.

Imperialism concerns net surplus-value transfer between national capitals, and the project of primitive accumulation, domination, and destruction inherent to stabilizing global value flows.

“Imperialism concerns net surplus-value transfer between national capitals, and the project of primitive accumulation, domination, and destruction inherent to stabilizing global value flows.”

It may state two separate claims as one.

Contemporary dismissals of industrialization seldom recognize that Soviet heavy industrialization was a defensive response to capitalist encroachment, and the pace and balances entailed in Chinese industrialization, as well as human costs, occurred amidst similar pressures.

“Contemporary dismissals of industrialization seldom recognize that Soviet heavy industrialization was a defensive response to capitalist encroachment (Kontorovich, 2015), and the pace and balances entailed in Chinese industrialization, as well as human costs, occurred amidst similar pressures.”

• cites Kontorovich, 2015Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.

Some earlier work referred to how the 'waste' of the nonhuman environment occurred unevenly and in a polarized manner, causing more acute ecological crisis in the periphery than in the core.

“Some of that earlier work (Amin, 1977a, p. 138ff) referred to how the”

• cites Amin, 1977aNot matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.

The degrowth literature's partial silence on peripheral paths to popular development leaves its alliances and politics vague.

“the partial silence when it comes to peripheral paths to popular development leaves alliances and politics vague”

Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.

Agroecology's macroplanning remains underdeveloped.

“While programmatically antimonopoly, and often attached to rural movements which contest exportoriented development models, agroecology's macroplanning remains underdeveloped.”

Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. It may state two separate claims as one.

Waste is the destruction of humanity and humanity's inorganic body and has been present as an input into the accumulation process since 1492.

“Waste is the destruction of humanity and humanity's inorganic body and has been present as in input into the accumulation process since 1492.”

It may state two separate claims as one.

Degrowth has offered serious technical proposals for shifts toward more ecologically embedded technology in the core, but it is often connected with 'extractivism' theories that do not engage sovereign industrialization.

“While degrowth has offered serious technical proposals for shifts toward more ecologically embedded technology (Decker, 2019) in the core, it is often connected with”

• cites Decker, 2019Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.

Amin did not elaborate this insight empirically or theoretically.

“Yet he did not elaborate this insight empirically or theoretically.”