Epistemological Understanding as a Metacognitive Process: Thinking Aloud During Online Searching
Abstract
Personal epistemology has typically been conceptualized in one of two primary ways: as a cognitive developmental process or as a system of beliefs. The approach that is elaborated here is to conceive of epistemological understanding as a metacognitive process that activates epistemic theories, a multidimensional set of interrelated beliefs about knowledge and knowing. Building on the work of Flavell (1979), K. S. Kitchener (1983), and Kuhn (1999b), this article describes the rationale for conceptualizing epistemological awareness at the metacognitive level, delineates the nature of this construct, and describes how this directs methodological choices for research. This is discussed in light of a recent study of students' online searching for a simulated science assignment, investigated through the use of think-aloud protocols. Exploring students' thought processes during online searching allows examination of personal epistemology not as a decontextualized set of beliefs, but as an activated, situated aspect of cognition that influences the knowledge construction process.
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The reflective diary as a method for the formative assessment of self-regulated learning
Wallin, P., & Adawi, T. (2018) · European Journal of Engineering Education · doi:10.1080/03043797.2017.1290585 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
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Modeling and measuring epistemic cognition: A qualitative re-investigation
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- Authors
- Hofer, B. K.
- Corresponding author
- Hofer, Barbara K.
- ORCID
- Hofer, Barbara K.
- Venue
- Educational Psychologist
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2004-01-01
- Volume
- 39
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 43-55
- ISSN
- 0046-1520 (ISSN-L)
- 1532-6985
- OpenAlex
- W1963612400
- Cited by
- 573
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 29 · 2021: 28 · 2020: 37 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 24 · 2017: 37 · 2016: 39 · 2015: 34 · 2014: 36 · 2013: 26 · 2012: 29
- FWCI
- 34.63
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Educational Psychologist (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Educational Strategies and Epistemologies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Innovative Teaching and Learning Methods
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Epistemology, Ethics, and Metaphysics
- Keywords
- personal epistemology, epistemic theory, metacognition, epistemic awareness, web search, think-aloud, knowledge construction, situated cognition
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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