Dietary and Pharmacological Fatty Acids and Cardiovascular Health

Wu, Huaizhu; Xu, Lu; Ballantyne, Christie M

doi:10.1210/clinem/dgz174

Cited by 59Fatty Acid Research and HealthNutritional Studies and DietAquaculture Nutrition and Growth

Dietary and Pharmacological Fatty Acids and Cardiovascular Health

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Wu, Huaizhu, Xu, Lu, Ballantyne, Christie M·2020·The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism

DOI 10.1210/clinem/dgz174PMC PMC7174038

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Abstract

Context: The effects of dietary intake of different fatty acids and pharmacological use of fatty acids, specifically long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC n-3 PUFAs), on cardiovascular health and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) prevention have been examined in a large number of observational studies and clinical trials. This review summarizes recent data and discusses potential mechanisms. Evidence acquisition: The review is based on the authors’ knowledge of the field supplemented by a PubMed search using the terms seafood, fish oil, saturated fatty acids, omega-3 fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, polyunsaturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, and ASCVD. Evidence synthesis: We mainly discuss the recent clinical trials that examine the effects of different types of dietary fatty acids and pharmacological use of n-3 PUFA products on ASCVD prevention and the potential mechanisms. Conclusions: While replacement of dietary saturated fat with unsaturated fat, polyunsaturated fat in particular, or intake of LC n-3 PUFA–rich seafood has generally shown benefit for ASCVD prevention and is recommended for cardiovascular benefits, data on effects of n-3 PUFA products on ASCVD health are inconsistent. However, recent clinical trials support benefits of prescription EPA in ASCVD prevention. n-3 PUFAs may contribute to ASCVD prevention through multiple mechanisms, including lowering plasma triglyceride levels, anti-inflammatory effects, antithrombotic effects, and effects on endothelial function.

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Multiple large studies of low-dose EPA/DHA mixtures with contemporary background therapy including statin have failed to show significant reduction in cardiovascular endpoints.
“Multiple large studies conducted since then to examine the benefits of low-dose mixtures of EPA and DHA with more contemporary background therapy, including statin therapy, have failed to show any significant reduction in cardiovascular endpoints.”
From 2021 ACC Expert Consensus Decision Pathway on the Management of ASCVD Risk Reduction in Patients With Persistent Hypertriglyceridemia (2021) · cites this paper as [20]
The Conclusions report that multiple large trials of low-dose EPA/DHA mixtures, including ASCEND and VITAL, did not significantly reduce their primary cardiovascular endpoints; the trial table also shows substantial statin use in several studies. But the claim’s phrase “any significant reduction in cardiovascular endpoints” is too broad: the Conclusions report a modest, significant reduction in vascular death in ASCEND. (LLM, conf=0.84)
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Pauwels, E. K. J., & Kostkiewicz, M. (2008) · Drug News & Perspectives · doi:10.1358/dnp.2008.21.10.1314058 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in prevention of cardiovascular diseases
Pavelka, J. (2010) · Digital Repository (National Repository of Grey Literature)

Authors: Wu, H., Xu, L., & Ballantyne, C. M.
Affiliations: Baylor College of Medicine (US)
Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, Texas
Corresponding author: Ballantyne, Christie M
ORCID: Wu, Huaizhu
Ballantyne, Christie M
Venue: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
Publisher: The Endocrine Society
Published: 2019-11-03
Volume: 105
Issue: 4
Pages: 1030-1045
ISSN: 0021-972X (ISSN-L)
1945-7197
DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgz174
PMC: PMC7174038
OpenAlex: W2985377277
Cited by: 59
References: 171
Citations by year: 2026: 9 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 2
FWCI: 0.61
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_model (vor)
Locations: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health (R01 HL098839)
American Heart Association (AHA16GRNT30410012)
American Diabetes Association (1-17-IBS-082)
Topics: Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Fatty Acid Research and Health
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Aquatic Science › Aquaculture Nutrition and Growth
Keywords: n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, omega-3 fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease prevention, cardiovascular health, dietary fatty acids, fish oil supplementation, saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, seafood, plasma triglycerides, anti-inflammatory activity, antithrombotic activity, endothelial function
MeSH terms: Cardiovascular Diseases, Fatty Acids, Humans, Prognosis, Dietary Supplements

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