Cited by 227Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and LipoproteinsBlood Pressure and Hypertension StudiesHeart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control

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Effects of Dietary Weight Loss on Sympathetic Activity and Cardiac Risk Factors Associated with the Metabolic Syndrome

Straznicky, Nora E., Lambert, Elisabeth A., Lambert, Gavin W., Masuo, Kazuko, Esler, Murray D., Nestel, Paul J.·2005·The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism

DOI 10.1210/jc.2005-0961

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Abstract

CONTEXT: Weight reduction, the first line treatment for the metabolic syndrome, improves insulin sensitivity and associated metabolic and cardiovascular abnormalities, but there is a paucity of data regarding its effect on sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity in this clinical setting. OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were to test the hypothesis that dietary weight loss attenuates both insulin resistance and SNS activity and to examine the relationships between SNS activity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) components. DESIGN: This was a single-sample, repeated measures design study. SETTING: This study was performed at a tertiary referral center. PARTICIPANTS: Twenty-three MetS subjects (age, 58 +/- 2 yr; body mass index, 33.3 +/- 0.8 kg/m2; mean +/- sem) were studied. INTERVENTION: A hypocaloric modified Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension diet (26% fat, 22% protein, and 51% carbohydrate; 100 mmol/d sodium) was consumed for 3 months. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The main outcome measures were postganglionic muscle sympathetic nerve activity (microneurography at a peroneal nerve), whole-body plasma norepinephrine spillover rate, spontaneous cardiac baroreflex function, and insulin sensitivity. RESULTS: The hypocaloric diet significantly reduced body weight by 7% and improved all MetS components. Norepinephrine spillover decreased from 877 +/- 180 to 503 +/- 39 ng/min (P = 0.005), and muscle sympathetic nerve activity decreased from 40.6 +/- 2.1 to 34.6 +/- 2.4 bursts/min (P = 0.01), whereas cardiac baroreflex sensitivity increased by 23.0 +/- 8.0% (P = 0.02). The change in the norepinephrine spillover rate correlated positively and independently with the change in plasma leptin concentration (r = 0.49; P = 0.03). CONCLUSION: Weight loss by a hypocaloric diet with moderate sodium restriction diminishes SNS activity in MetS subjects. This may be due to the consequences of decreased leptin concentration, enhanced insulin sensitivity, or improvements in cardiac baroreflex function.

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Authors: Straznicky, N. E., Lambert, E. A., Lambert, G. W., Masuo, K., Esler, M. D., & Nestel, P. J.
Affiliations: Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (AU)
Corresponding author: Straznicky, Nora E.
ORCID: Lambert, Gavin W.
Esler, Murray D.
Nestel, Paul J.
Venue: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
Publisher: The Endocrine Society
Published: 2005-11
Volume: 90
Issue: 11
Pages: 5998-6005
ISSN: 0021-972X (ISSN-L)
1945-7197
DOI: 10.1210/jc.2005-0961
OpenAlex: W1976286624
Cited by: 227
References: 43
Citations by year: 2026: 1 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 12
FWCI: 8.74
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Diabetes Australia Research Trust
Diabetes Australia
Heart Research Institute
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Blood Pressure and Hypertension Studies
Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
Keywords: metabolic syndrome, dietary weight loss, hypocaloric diet, sympathetic activity, muscle sympathetic nerve activity, norepinephrine spillover, cardiac baroreflex sensitivity, insulin sensitivity, leptin, sodium restriction, DASH diet
MeSH terms: Aged, Cardiovascular Diseases, Female, Humans, Insulin Resistance, Male, Middle Aged, Muscles, Norepinephrine, Risk Factors, Sympathetic Nervous System, Weight Loss, Baroreflex, Metabolic Syndrome

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Effects of Dietary Weight Loss on Sympathetic Activity and Cardiac Risk Factors Associated with the Metabolic Syndrome

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