Cited by 405Health disparities and outcomesSex and Gender in HealthcareRace, Genetics, and Society

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Health Disparities in Endocrine Disorders: Biological, Clinical, and Nonclinical Factors—An Endocrine Society Scientific Statement

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Golden, Sherita Hill, Brown, Arleen, Cauley, Jane A., Chin, Marshall H., Gary-Webb, Tiffany L., Kim, Catherine, Sosa, Julie Ann, Sumner, Anne E., Anton, Blair·2012·The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism

DOI 10.1210/jc.2012-2043PMC PMC3431576

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Abstract

OBJECTIVE: The aim was to provide a scholarly review of the published literature on biological, clinical, and nonclinical contributors to race/ethnic and sex disparities in endocrine disorders and to identify current gaps in knowledge as a focus for future research needs. PARTICIPANTS IN DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENTIFIC STATEMENT: The Endocrine Society's Scientific Statement Task Force (SSTF) selected the leader of the statement development group (S.H.G.). She selected an eight-member writing group with expertise in endocrinology and health disparities, which was approved by the Society. All discussions regarding the scientific statement content occurred via teleconference or written correspondence. No funding was provided to any expert or peer reviewer, and all participants volunteered their time to prepare this Scientific Statement. EVIDENCE: The primary sources of data on global disease prevalence are from the World Health Organization. A comprehensive literature search of PubMed identified U.S. population-based studies. Search strategies combining Medical Subject Headings terms and keyword terms and phrases defined two concepts: 1) racial, ethnic, and sex differences including specific populations; and 2) the specific endocrine disorder or condition. The search identified systematic reviews, meta-analyses, large cohort and population-based studies, and original studies focusing on the prevalence and determinants of disparities in endocrine disorders. consensus process: The writing group focused on population differences in the highly prevalent endocrine diseases of type 2 diabetes mellitus and related conditions (prediabetes and diabetic complications), gestational diabetes, metabolic syndrome with a focus on obesity and dyslipidemia, thyroid disorders, osteoporosis, and vitamin D deficiency. Authors reviewed and synthesized evidence in their areas of expertise. The final statement incorporated responses to several levels of review: 1) comments of the SSTF and the Advocacy and Public Outreach Core Committee; and 2) suggestions offered by the Council and members of The Endocrine Society. CONCLUSIONS: Several themes emerged in the statement, including a need for basic science, population-based, translational and health services studies to explore underlying mechanisms contributing to endocrine health disparities. Compared to non-Hispanic whites, non-Hispanic blacks have worse outcomes and higher mortality from certain disorders despite having a lower (e.g. macrovascular complications of diabetes mellitus and osteoporotic fractures) or similar (e.g. thyroid cancer) incidence of these disorders. Obesity is an important contributor to diabetes risk in minority populations and to sex disparities in thyroid cancer, suggesting that population interventions targeting weight loss may favorably impact a number of endocrine disorders. There are important implications regarding the definition of obesity in different race/ethnic groups, including potential underestimation of disease risk in Asian-Americans and overestimation in non-Hispanic black women. Ethnic-specific cut-points for central obesity should be determined so that clinicians can adequately assess metabolic risk. There is little evidence that genetic differences contribute significantly to race/ethnic disparities in the endocrine disorders examined. Multilevel interventions have reduced disparities in diabetes care, and these successes can be modeled to design similar interventions for other endocrine diseases.

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See all 405

Authors: Golden, S. H., Brown, A., Cauley, J. A., Chin, M. H., Gary-Webb, T. L., Kim, C., Sosa, J. A., Sumner, A. E., & Anton, B.
Affiliations: Johns Hopkins University (US)
University of California, Los Angeles (US)
University of Pittsburgh (US)
University of Chicago (US)
Department of Epidemiology (T.L.G.-W.), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York 10032
University of Michigan (US)
Yale University (US)
National Institutes of Health (US)
Corresponding author: Golden, Sherita Hill
ORCID: Golden, Sherita Hill
Brown, Arleen
Cauley, Jane A.
Chin, Marshall H.
Kim, Catherine
Sosa, Julie Ann
Sumner, Anne E.
Anton, Blair
Venue: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
Publisher: The Endocrine Society
Published: 2012-09-01
Volume: 97
Issue: 9
Pages: E1579-E1639
ISSN: 0021-972X (ISSN-L)
1945-7197
DOI: 10.1210/jc.2012-2043
PMC: PMC3431576
OpenAlex: W2121922368
Semantic Scholar: da98249dcecbbf4ddedd56accacf919aa1ad1b28
Cited by: 405
References: 454
Citations by year: 2026: 17 · 2025: 26 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 35 · 2022: 24 · 2021: 39 · 2020: 37 · 2019: 27 · 2018: 23 · 2017: 28 · 2016: 30 · 2015: 26 · 2014: 26 · 2013: 34 · 2012: 7
FWCI: 33.87
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
D-Scholarship@Pitt (University of Pittsburgh) (acceptedVersion)
Funders: Johns Hopkins University
National Institutes of Health (1ul1rr033176-01, UL1TR000124)
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (P50HL105187, P50-HL0105187)
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (K24DK071933, P30DK079637, R01DK083297, K23DK071552, P30DK092949, P30DK092926)
National Center for Research Resources (UL1-RR-033176)
National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities
Topics: Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Sex and Gender in Healthcare
Social Sciences › Anthropology › Race, Genetics, and Society
Keywords: health disparities, endocrine disorders, racial and ethnic disparities, sex disparities, type 2 diabetes, prediabetes, diabetes complications, gestational diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, obesity, dyslipidemia, thyroid dysfunction, thyroid cancer, osteoporosis, vitamin D deficiency, non-Hispanic Black population, socioeconomic status, health care access, social determinants
MeSH terms: Adult, Diabetes Mellitus, Endocrine System Diseases, Ethnicity, Female, Humans, Obesity, Osteoporosis, Prediabetic State, Pregnancy, Thyroid Diseases, United States, Vitamin D Deficiency, Diabetes, Gestational, Metabolic Syndrome, Racial Groups, Diabetes Complications, Fractures, Bone, Healthcare Disparities

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Health Disparities in Endocrine Disorders: Biological, Clinical, and Nonclinical Factors—An Endocrine Society Scientific Statement

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