Insulin resistance in nonobese patients with polycystic ovarian disease
Abstract
To determine whether insulin resistance occurs in polycystic ovarian disease (PCO) in the absence of obesity and acanthosis nigricans, circulating levels of insulin in response to oral glucose administration were measured in 10 nonobese PCO patients without acanthosis nigricans and in 10 normal women matched for weight and height. Mean serum testosterone (T), androstenedione (A), dehydroepiandrosterone (D), D sulfate, and LH levels were significantly elevated in the PCO patients compared to those in control subjects. In PCO patients, the mean +/- SE basal insulin level (18.7 +/- 2.9 microU/ml) and the sum of the insulin levels in response to glucose (674 +/- 119 microU/ml) were significantly greater than those in the control group (11.0 +/- 0.8 microU/ml and 248 +/- 29 microU/ml, respectively). In all subjects, serum levels of T and A, but not D and D sulfate, were significantly correlated to basal insulin levels and insulin sums. Serum cortisol, GH, and PRL levels were similar in both groups. These results indicate that in PCO, a significant degree of insulin resistance exists, which clearly is not related to obesity. The positive correlation of serum T and A levels to circulating insulin levels in this study suggests that the insulin resistance in PCO may be, in part, a consequence of hyperandrogenism.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Women with polycystic ovary syndrome are at increased risk of type 2 diabetes.
“Women with PCOS are characterized by insulin resistance, hyperinsulinism, and perhaps visceral adiposity (22)(23)(24) and are therefore at increased risk of T2D.”
From A Lower-Carbohydrate, Higher-Fat Diet Reduces Abdominal and Intermuscular Fat and Increases Insulin Sensitivity in Adults at Risk of Type 2 Diabetes (2015) · cites this paper as [22]
Women with polycystic ovary syndrome are characterized by insulin resistance, hyperinsulinism, and perhaps visceral adiposity.
“Women with PCOS are characterized by insulin resistance, hyperinsulinism, and perhaps visceral adiposity (22)(23)(24) and are therefore at increased risk of T2D.”
From A Lower-Carbohydrate, Higher-Fat Diet Reduces Abdominal and Intermuscular Fat and Increases Insulin Sensitivity in Adults at Risk of Type 2 Diabetes (2015) · cites this paper as [22]
Cites
The Syndromes of Insulin Resistance and Acanthosis Nigricans
Kahn, C. R., Flier, J. S., Bar, R. S., Archer, J. A., Görden, P., Martin, M. M., & Roth, J. (1976) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm197604012941401 · Cited by 1,101 · see citing works
Correlation of Hyperandrogenism with Hyperinsulinism in Polycystic Ovarian Disease*
Burghen, G. A., Givens, J. R., & Kitabchi, A. E. (1980) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-50-1-113 · Cited by 922 · see citing works
Critical Variables in the Radioimmunoassay of Serum Insulin Using the Double Antibody Technic
Soeldner, J. S., & Slone, D. (1965) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diab.14.12.771 · Cited by 722 · see citing works
A Homologous Radioimmunoassay for Human Prolactin1
SINHA, Y. N., SELBY, F. W., LEWIS, U. J., & VANDERLAAN, W. P. (1973) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-36-3-509 · Cited by 650 · see citing works
Disappearance Rates of Endogenous Luteinizing Hormone and Chorionic Gonadotropin in Man
Yen, S. S. C., Llerena, O., Little, B., & Pearson, O. H. (1968) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-28-12-1763 · Cited by 373 · see citing works
Circulating gonadotropins, estrogens, and androgens in polycystic ovarian disease
DeVane, G. W., Czekala, N. M., Judd, H. L., & Yen, S. S. C. (1975) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/0002-9378(75)90081-2 · Cited by 338 · see citing works
Self-citationA simple method for the assay of eight steroids in small volumes of plasma
Anderson, D. C., HOPPER, B. R., Lasley, B. L., & Yen, S. S. C. (1976) · Steroids · doi:10.1016/0039-128x(76)90108-2 · Cited by 283 · see citing works
Yen, S. S. C., Llerena, L. A., Pearson, O. H., et al. (1970) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-30-3-325 · Cited by 195 · see citing works
Boden, G. H., & Soeldner, J. S. (1967) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/bf01228076 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Remission of Acanthosis Nigricans Associated with Polycystic Ovarian Disease and a Stromal Luteoma
Givens, J. R., Kerber, I. J., Wiser, W. L., Andersen, R. N., Coleman, S. A., & Fish, S. A. (1974) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-38-3-347 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
THE EFFECT OF ANABOLIC STEROIDS ON BLOOD SUGAR AND PLASMA INSULIN LEVELS IN MAN.
Landon, J., Wynn, V., & Samols, E. (1963) · PubMed · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Barnes, N. D., Palumbo, P. J., Hayles, A. B., & Folgar, H. (1974) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/bf02627729 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Imperato‐McGinley, J., Peterson, R. E., Sturla, E., Dawood, Y., & Bar, R. S. (1978) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/0002-9343(78)90838-0 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Insulin and C-Peptide Levels in Obese Patients with Polycystic Ovaries
Pasquali, R., Venturoli, S., Paradis, R., Capelli, M., Parenti, M., & Melchionda, N. (1982) · Hormone and Metabolic Research · doi:10.1055/s-2007-1018996 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Circulating Levels of Plasma Adrenocorticotropin in Poly cystic Ovary Disease*
Chang, R. J., Mandel, F. P., Wolfsen, A. R., et al. (1982) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-54-6-1265 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Self-citationCharacterization of Hyperandrogenism with Insulin-Resistant Diabetes Type A
Gibson, M., Schiff, I., Tulchinsky, D., & Ryan, K. J. (1980) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(16)44714-x · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Abnormalities of fuel metabolism in the polycystic ovary syndrome.
Wortsman, J., & Ng, S. (1982) · PubMed · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Ovarian pathology associated with insulin resistance and acanthosis nigricans.
Annos, T., & Taymor, M. L. (1981) · PubMed · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Franks, S. (1995) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199509283331307 · Cited by 2,463 · see citing works
Diamanti-Kandarakis, E., & Dunaif, A. (2012) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.2011-1034 · Cited by 1,947 · see citing works
Rosenfield, R. L., & Ehrmann, D. A. (2016) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.2015-1104 · Cited by 1,603 · see citing works
Legro, R. S., Kunselman, A. R., Dodson, W. C., & Dunaif, A. (1999) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.84.1.5393 · Cited by 1,537 · see citing works
Norman, R. J., Dewailly, D., Legro, R. S., & Hickey, T. E. (2007) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(07)61345-2 · Cited by 1,360 · see citing works
Dumesic, D. A., Oberfield, S. E., Stener-Victorin, E., Marshall, J. C., Laven, J. S., & Legro, R. S. (2015) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.2015-1018 · Cited by 1,020 · see citing works
Prevalence and Characteristics of the Metabolic Syndrome in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Apridonidze, T., Essah, P. A., Iuorno, M. J., & Nestler, J. E. (2005) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2004-1045 · Cited by 931 · see citing works
NESTLER, J. E., POWERS, L. P., MATT, D. W., STEINGOLD, K. A., PLYMATE, S. R., RITTMASTER, R. S., CLORE, J. N., & BLACKARD, W. G. (1991) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-72-1-83 · Cited by 815 · see citing works
Nestler, J. E., & Jakubowicz, D. J. (1996) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199608293350902 · Cited by 743 · see citing works
DeUgarte, C. M., Bartolucci, A. A., & Azziz, R. (2005) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2004.11.070 · Cited by 589 · see citing works
Talbott, E. O., Guzick, D. S., Sutton-Tyrrell, K., McHugh-Pemu, K. P., Zborowski, J. V., Remsberg, K. E., & Kuller, L. H. (2000) · Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/01.atv.20.11.2414 · Cited by 511 · see citing works
Insulin resistance, polycystic ovary syndrome, and type 2 diabetes mellitus
Ovalle, F., & Azziz, R. (2002) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(02)03111-4 · Cited by 428 · see citing works
Hill, J. W., Elias, C. F., Fukuda, M., Williams, K. W., Berglund, E. D., Holland, W. L., Cho, Y.-R., Chuang, J.-C., Xu, Y., Choi, M., et al. (2010) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2010.03.002 · Cited by 391 · see citing works
Long or Highly Irregular Menstrual Cycles as a Marker for Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Solomon, C. G. (2001) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.286.19.2421 · Cited by 362 · see citing works
The role of hyperinsulinemia in the pathogenesis of ovarian hyperandrogenism
Wallach, E. E., Barbieri, R. L., Smith, S., & Ryan, K. J. (1988) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(16)60060-2 · Cited by 348 · see citing works
NESTLER, J. E., BARLASCINI, C. O., MATT, D. W., STEINGOLD, K. A., PLYMATE, S. R., CLORE, J. N., & BLACKARD, W. G. (1989) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-68-6-1027 · Cited by 338 · see citing works
Cellular mechanisms of insulin resistance in polycystic ovarian syndrome
Ciaraldi, T. P. (1992) · Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.75.2.577 · Cited by 336 · see citing works
Willis, D., Mason, H., Gilling-Smith, C., & Franks, S. (1996) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.81.1.8550768 · Cited by 371 · see citing works
Metformin for the treatment of the polycystic ovary syndrome
Nestler, J. E. (2008) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmct0707092 · Cited by 313 · see citing works
The effects of oral dehydroepiandrosterone on endocrine-metabolic parameters in postmenopausal women
MORTOLA, J. F., & YEN, S. S. C. (1990) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-71-3-696 · Cited by 311 · see citing works
Baillargeon, J.-P., Jakubowicz, D. J., Iuorno, M. J., Jakubowicz, S., & Nestler, J. E. (2004) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2004.02.127 · Cited by 300 · see citing works
Hoeger, K. M., Kochman, L., Wixom, N., Craig, K., Miller, R. K., & Guzick, D. S. (2004) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2004.02.104 · Cited by 278 · see citing works
Effects of d-chiro-inositol in lean women with the polycystic ovary syndrome
Iuorno, M. J., Jakubowicz, D. J., Baillargeon, J.-P., Dillon, P., Gunn, R. D., Allan, G., & Nestler, J. E. (2002) · Endocrine Practice · doi:10.4158/ep.8.6.417 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Tsilchorozidou, T., Honour, J. W., & Conway, G. S. (2003) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2003-030240 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Trent, M., Austin, S. B., Rich, M., & Gordon, C. M. (2005) · Ambulatory Pediatrics · doi:10.1367/a04-130r.1 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Cassina, M., Donà, M., Di Gianantonio, E., Litta, P., & Clementi, M. (2014) · Human Reproduction Update · doi:10.1093/humupd/dmu022 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Robinson, S., Chan, S., Spacey, S., Anyaoku, V., Johnston, D. G., & Franks, S. (1992) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2265.1992.tb02262.x · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Ibanez, L., Potau, N., Zampolli, M., Prat, N., Virdis, R., Vicens-Calvet, E., & Carrascosa, A. (1996) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.81.3.8772605 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Dahlgren, E., Landin, K., Krotkiewski, M., Holm, G., & Janson, P. O. (1998) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/13.10.2706 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Schriock, E. D., Buffington, C. K., Hubert, G. D., Kurtz, B. R., Kitabchi, A. E., Buster, J. E., & Givens, J. R. (1988) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-66-6-1329 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Favourable metabolic effects of a eucaloric lower‐carbohydrate diet in women with <scp>PCOS</scp>
Gower, B. A., Chandler‐Laney, P. C., Ovalle, F., Goree, L. L., Azziz, R., Desmond, R. A., Granger, W. M., Goss, A. M., & Bates, G. W. (2013) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1111/cen.12175 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Gower, B. A., & Goss, A. M. (2015) · The Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.3945/jn.114.195065 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
<i>Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Adolescence</i>
Blank, S. K., Helm, K. D., McCartney, C. R., & Marshall, J. C. (2008) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1196/annals.1429.005 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Pasquali, R., Fabbri, R., Venturoli, S., Paradisi, R., Antenucci, D., & Melchionda, N. (1986) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/0002-9378(86)90410-2 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Metformin therapy for the reproductive and metabolic consequences of polycystic ovary syndrome
Sam, S., & Ehrmann, D. A. (2017) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-017-4306-3 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
MENSTRUAL DISORDERS IN ADOLESCENTS
Gordon, C. M. (1999) · Pediatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s0031-3955(05)70135-8 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
GRAF, M. J., RICHARDS, C. J., BROWN, V., MEISSNER, L., & DUNAIF, A. (1990) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2265.1990.tb00472.x · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Obesity Differentially Affects Phenotypes of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Moran, C., Arriaga, M., Rodriguez, G., & Moran, S. (2012) · International Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1155/2012/317241 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Goss, A. M., Chandler-Laney, P. C., Ovalle, F., Goree, L. L., Azziz, R., Desmond, R. A., Wright Bates, G., & Gower, B. A. (2014) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2014.07.007 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Jakubowicz, D., Barnea, M., Wainstein, J., & Froy, O. (2013) · Clinical Science · doi:10.1042/cs20130071 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Tolino, A., Gambardella, V., Caccavale, C., D’Ettore, A., Giannotti, F., D’Antò, V., & De Falco, C. L. (2005) · European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2004.06.043 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Flannery, C. A., Rackow, B., Cong, X., Duran, E., Selen, D. J., & Burgert, T. S. (2013) · Pediatric Diabetes · doi:10.1111/j.1399-5448.2012.00902.x · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Assessment of insulin resistance in lean women with polycystic ovary syndrome
Morciano, A., Romani, F., Sagnella, F., Scarinci, E., Palla, C., Moro, F., Tropea, A., Policola, C., Della Casa, S., Guido, M., et al. (2014) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2014.04.004 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Hyperinsulinaemic androgen excess in adolescent girls
Ibáñez, L., Ong, K. K., López-Bermejo, A., Dunger, D. B., & de Zegher, F. (2014) · Nature Reviews Endocrinology · doi:10.1038/nrendo.2014.58 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Altuntas, Y., Bilir, M., Ucak, S., & Gundogdu, S. (2005) · European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2004.07.038 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Sharma, S. T., Wickham, E. P., & Nestler, J. E. (2007) · Endocrine Practice · doi:10.4158/ep.13.4.373 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Interface between Extra‐ and Intraovarian Factors in Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
YEN, S. S. C., LAUGHLIN, G. A., & MORALES, A. J. (1993) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1993.tb43858.x · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Suitability of recommended limits for fasting glucose tests in women with polycystic ovary syndrome
Gagnon, C., & Baillargeon, J.-P. (2007) · Canadian Medical Association Journal · doi:10.1503/cmaj.060607 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
- Authors
- CHANG, R. J., NAKAMURA, R. M., JUDD, H. L., & KAPLAN, S. A.
- Affiliations
- University of Southern California (US)
- ORCID
- CHANG, R. JEFFREY
- Venue
- The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
- Publisher
- The Endocrine Society
- Published
- 1983-08
- Volume
- 57
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 356-359
- ISSN
- 0021-972X (ISSN-L)
- 1945-7197
- OpenAlex
- W2044426380
- Cited by
- 704
- References
- 18
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 20
- FWCI
- 8.56
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Ovarian function and disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diet, Metabolism, and Disease
- Keywords
- insulin resistance, polycystic ovary syndrome, non-obese women, hyperandrogenism, serum testosterone, androstenedione, insulin response to glucose, acanthosis nigricans
- MeSH terms
- Androstenedione, Dehydroepiandrosterone, Female, Glucose, Humans, Insulin, Insulin Resistance, Kinetics, Luteinizing Hormone, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, Testosterone, Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
