The Neural Basis of Following Advice
Open accessAbstract
Learning by following explicit advice is fundamental for human cultural evolution, yet the neurobiology of adaptive social learning is largely unknown. Here, we used simulations to analyze the adaptive value of social learning mechanisms, computational modeling of behavioral data to describe cognitive mechanisms involved in social learning, and model-based functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to identify the neurobiological basis of following advice. One-time advice received before learning had a sustained influence on people's learning processes. This was best explained by social learning mechanisms implementing a more positive evaluation of the outcomes from recommended options. Computer simulations showed that this "outcome-bonus" accumulates more rewards than an alternative mechanism implementing higher initial reward expectation for recommended options. fMRI results revealed a neural outcome-bonus signal in the septal area and the left caudate. This neural signal coded rewards in the absence of advice, and crucially, it signaled greater positive rewards for positive and negative feedback after recommended rather than after non-recommended choices. Hence, our results indicate that following advice is intrinsically rewarding. A positive correlation between the model's outcome-bonus parameter and amygdala activity after positive feedback directly relates the computational model to brain activity. These results advance the understanding of social learning by providing a neurobiological account for adaptive learning from advice.
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Value signals in the striatum appear to reflect how we evaluate new information that agrees with or conflicts with advice we have received.
“and c) how we evaluate new information that agrees with or conflicts with advice we have received (e.g., valuing positive information about an expertly endorsed stock but discounting negative information) 53.”
From The social brain and reward: Social information processing in the human striatum (2014) · cites this paper as [53]
Ventral striatum activity shows a weaker distinction between positive and negative outcomes of advice-based choices compared to outcomes of choices without advice.
“Ventral striatum activity shows a weaker distinction between positive and negative outcomes of advice-based choices compared to outcomes of choices without advice 53.”
From The social brain and reward: Social information processing in the human striatum (2014) · cites this paper as [53]
People are more likely to stick with an advised choice in the face of negative outcomes.
“Much like people will stick to a decision when they believe the odds are higher 25, people are more likely to stick with an advised choice in the face of negative outcomes 53.”
From The social brain and reward: Social information processing in the human striatum (2014) · cites this paper as [53]
Biases introduced by social information can affect our experience of outcomes and the way we learn from them.
“This finding parallels the effect of advice on outcomes of risk decisions 53 and suggests that biases introduced by social information can affect our experience of outcomes and the way we learn from them.”
From The social brain and reward: Social information processing in the human striatum (2014) · cites this paper as [53]
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- Authors
- Biele, G., Rieskamp, J., Krugel, L. K., & Heekeren, H. R.
- Affiliations
- University of Oslo (NO)
- University of Basel (CH)
- Max Planck Institute for Human Development (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Biele, Guido
- Venue
- PLoS Biology
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2011-06-21
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- e1001089
- ISSN
- 1544-9173 (ISSN-L)
- 1545-7885
- PMC
- PMC3119653
- OpenAlex
- W2098391782
- Cited by
- 157
- References
- 51
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 29
- FWCI
- 8.98
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- PLoS Biology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- edoc (University of Basel) (acceptedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Econstor (Econstor) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics (submittedVersion)
- Max Planck Digital Library (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- edoc (University of Basel)
- Funders
- Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung
- Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Child and Animal Learning Development
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Keywords
- social learning, reward processing, neural basis of learning, septal area, caudate nucleus, amygdala, feedback, computational modeling, cultural evolution
- MeSH terms
- Brain, Choice Behavior, Computer Simulation, Decision Making, Feedback, Humans, Learning, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Reward
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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