Cited by 313Psychedelics and Drug StudiesReligion, Spirituality, and PsychologyParanormal Experiences and Beliefs

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Personality, psychopathology, life attitudes and neuropsychological performance among ritual users of ayahuasca: a longitudinal study.

Open access
Bouso, José Carlos, González, Débora, Fondevila, Sabela, Cutchet, Marta, Fernández, Xavier, Ribeiro Barbosa, Paulo César, Alcázar-Córcoles, Miguel Ángel, Araújo, Wladimyr Sena, Barbanoj, Manel J., Fábregas, Josep Maria, Riba, Jordi·2012·PLoS ONE

Abstract

Ayahuasca is an Amazonian psychoactive plant beverage containing the serotonergic 5-HT(2A) agonist N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) and monoamine oxidase-inhibiting alkaloids (harmine, harmaline and tetrahydroharmine) that render it orally active. Ayahuasca ingestion is a central feature in several Brazilian syncretic churches that have expanded their activities to urban Brazil, Europe and North America. Members of these groups typically ingest ayahuasca at least twice per month. Prior research has shown that acute ayahuasca increases blood flow in prefrontal and temporal brain regions and that it elicits intense modifications in thought processes, perception and emotion. However, regular ayahuasca use does not seem to induce the pattern of addiction-related problems that characterize drugs of abuse. To study the impact of repeated ayahuasca use on general psychological well-being, mental health and cognition, here we assessed personality, psychopathology, life attitudes and neuropsychological performance in regular ayahuasca users (n = 127) and controls (n = 115) at baseline and 1 year later. Controls were actively participating in non-ayahuasca religions. Users showed higher Reward Dependence and Self-Transcendence and lower Harm Avoidance and Self-Directedness. They scored significantly lower on all psychopathology measures, showed better performance on the Stroop test, the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test and the Letter-Number Sequencing task from the WAIS-III, and better scores on the Frontal Systems Behavior Scale. Analysis of life attitudes showed higher scores on the Spiritual Orientation Inventory, the Purpose in Life Test and the Psychosocial Well-Being test. Despite the lower number of participants available at follow-up, overall differences with controls were maintained one year later. In conclusion, we found no evidence of psychological maladjustment, mental health deterioration or cognitive impairment in the ayahuasca-using group.

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Research works printed but not linked: 3

  1. [32]Bouso JC, Riba J (2011) An overview of the literature on the pharmacology and neuropsychiatric long term effects of ayahuasca. In: Santos R.G. (Ed.): The ethnopharmacology of ayahuasca. Kerala, India: Transworld Research Network. pp: 55–63. Ebook. Available: http://www.trnres.com/ebook/uploads/rafael/T_12998350813%20Rafael.pdf. Accessed: 2012 March 2.
  2. [35]Fuentes D, Tavares H, Camargo CHP, Gorenstein C (2000) Inventário de Temperamento e de Carácter de Cloninger – Validação da versão em Português. In: Escalas de Avaliação Clínica em Psiquiatria e Psicofarmacologia. pp. 363– 369.
  3. [46]Elkins DN, Hedstrom LJ, Hughes LL, Leaf JA, Saunders C (1988) Toward phenomenological spirituality: Definition, description, and measurement. J Humanist Psychol 28: 5– 18.

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Metadata

Authors
Bouso, J. C., González, D., Fondevila, S., Cutchet, M., Fernández, X., Ribeiro Barbosa, P. C., Alcázar-Córcoles, M. Á., Araújo, W. S., Barbanoj, M. J., Fábregas, J. M., & Riba, J.
Affiliations
  • Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (ES)
  • Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ES)
Corresponding author
Bouso, José Carlos
Venue
PLoS ONE
Published
2012-08-08
Volume
7
Issue
8
Pages
e42421
ISSN
1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2100834566
Cited by
313
References
67
Citations by year
2026: 12 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 31 · 2023: 30 · 2022: 38 · 2021: 32 · 2020: 31 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 23 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 6
FWCI
15.93
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) (publishedVersion)
  • Tesis Doctorals en Xarxa (Consorci de Serveis Universitaris de Catalunya) (publishedVersion)
  • Biblos-e Archivo (Universidad Autónoma de Madrid) (submittedVersion, public-domain)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
  • Hispana (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychedelics and Drug Studies
  • Social Sciences › Health › Religion, Spirituality, and Psychology
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Paranormal Experiences and Beliefs
Keywords
ayahuasca, ritual drug use, personality, psychopathology, life attitude, neuropsychological performance, cognitive function, psychological well-being, harm avoidance, reward dependence, self-transcendence, self-direction, Stroop task, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, Frontal Systems Behavior Scale, spiritual orientation, meaning of life, psychosocial well-being
MeSH terms
Adult, Attitude, Brazil, Cerebrovascular Circulation, Ceremonial Behavior, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Mental Health, Middle Aged, Neuropsychological Tests, Neuropsychology, Personality, Psychopathology, Reward, Case-Control Studies, Banisteriopsis

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