Predictors of Symptomatic Change and Adherence in Internet-Based Cognitive Behaviour Therapy for Social Anxiety Disorder in Routine Psychiatric Care
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OBJECTIVE: A central goal of health care is to improve patient outcomes. Although several studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of therapist guided internet-based cognitive behaviour therapy (ICBT) for social anxiety disorder (SAD), a significant proportion of patients do not respond to treatment. Consequently, the aim of this study was to identify individual characteristics and treatment program related factors that could help clinicians predict treatment outcomes and adherence for individuals with SAD. METHOD: The sample comprised longitudinal data collected during a 4-year period of adult individuals (N = 764) treated for SAD at a public service psychiatric clinic. Weekly self-rated Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS-SR) scores were provided. Rates of symptomatic change during treatment and adherence levels were analysed using multilevel modelling. The following domains of prognostic variables were examined: (a) socio-demographic variables; (b) clinical characteristics; (c) family history of mental illness; and (d) treatment-related factors. RESULTS: Higher treatment credibility and adherence predicted a faster rate of improvement during treatment, whereas higher overall functioning level evidenced a slower rate of improvement. Treatment credibility was the strongest predictor of greater adherence. Having a family history of SAD-like symptoms was also associated with greater adherence, whereas Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)-like symptoms, male gender, and family history of minor depression predicted lower adherence. Also, the amount of therapist time spent per treatment module was negatively associated with adherence. CONCLUSIONS: Results from a large clinical sample indicate that the credibility of ICBT is the strongest prognostic factor explaining individual differences in both adherence level and symptomatic improvement. Early screening of ADHD-like symptoms may help clinicians identify patients who might need extra support or an adjusted treatment. Therapist behaviours that promote adherence may be important for treatment response, although more research is needed in order to determine what type of support would be most beneficial.
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Other studies included discussion groups as part of an online intervention but failed to include the groups as a unique research variable, so could not identify the impact of the group on intervention effectiveness.
“A number of other studies [28–30] have also included discussion groups delivered in the form of bulletin boards as part of an online intervention but have failed to include the groups as a unique research variable so have been unable to identify the impact of the group on the effectiveness of the intervention.”
Other studies that included online discussion groups as part of an online intervention failed to report usage data, to differentiate usage of the groups across treatment groups, or to analyse the impact of the discussion groups on study outcomes.
“Other studies have included online discussion groups as part of an online intervention (for example: [27, 29, 30]), but failed to either report usage data, differentiate the usage of the groups across the treatment groups, or analyse the impact of the discussion groups on the study outcomes.”
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“In regard to treatment-related factors, treatment credibility and adherence have been identified as being of special relevance to the effectiveness of self-help interventions such as ICBT [20,21].”
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MethodResultDescription and Demonstration of CBT for ADHD in Adults
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MethodInfluentialRegistries and Informed Consent
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MethodSelf-citation
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“Posttreatment stress symptoms were further negatively predicted by treatment credibility, an effect also seen in previous studies [21,22].”
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“Previous studies (Andersson et al., 2005; Berger et al., 2011; El Alaoui et al., 2015) have incorporated discussion groups into their interventions but have failed to identify the impact of the group on the effectiveness of the intervention.”
BackgroundPredictors of dropout from internet-based self-help cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia
Yeung, W., Chung, K., Ho, F. Y., & Ho, L. (2015) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.07.008 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
El Alaoui, S., Ljótsson, B., Hedman, E., Svanborg, C., Kaldo, V., & Lindefors, N. (2016) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0161191 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
“A recent study of outcome predictors of ICBT for social anxiety disorder found that patients’ expectations of treatment success and the perceived credibility of ICBT is strongly associated with the rate of improvement, where higher levels of perceived credibility predicts a steeper rate of improvement [30].”
BackgroundSelf-citationHentati, A., Forsell, E., Ljótsson, B., Kaldo, V., Lindefors, N., & Kraepelien, M. (2021) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2021.100448 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
“High levels of treatment credibility have shown to be positively associated with both adherence and treatment outcome, as well as negatively associated with drop-out rates (El Alaoui et al., 2015; Alfonsson et al., 2016).”
BackgroundSelf-citationMathiasen, K., Riper, H., Andersen, T. E., & Roessler, K. K. (2018) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/10927 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Hadjistavropoulos, H. D., Pugh, N. E., Hesser, H., & Andersson, G. (2016) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2015.10.006 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Self-citationAlfonsson, S., Johansson, K., Uddling, J., & Hursti, T. J. (2017) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-017-0172-5 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
“There was also a difference in intervention credibility that indicates that participants in the online condition had more doubt about the plausibility of the assignment, something that has previously been seen is crucial for psychotherapy outcomes [44, 50].”
BackgroundMethodCatarino, A., Bateup, S., Tablan, V., Innes, K., Freer, S., Richards, A., Stott, R., Hollon, S. D., Chamberlain, S. R., Hayes, A., et al. (2018) · BJPsych Open · doi:10.1192/bjo.2018.57 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Haller, K., Becker, P., Niemeyer, H., & Boettcher, J. (2023) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2023.100635 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Finegan, M., Firth, N., & Delgadillo, J. (2019) · Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.1080/10503307.2019.1649500 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
“…al., 2012; Falconnier, 2009; Kelly, Jakubovski, & Bloch, 2015; Pirkis et al., 2011), and employment (Cort et al., 2012; Delgadillo et al., 2017; El Alaoui et al., 2015; Firth et al., 2015; Kelly et al., 2015; van der Lem, Stamsnieder, van der Wee, van Veen, & Zitman, 2013) as predictors of…”
Backgroundde Pablo, G. S., Pascual-Sánchez, A., Panchal, U. R., Clark, B., & Krebs, G. (2022) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2022.11.007 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Stjerneklar, S., Hougaard, E., & Thastum, M. (2019) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2019.01.003 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
“Also in line with previous ICBT research in adults with anxiety disorders (El Alaoui et al., 2013; El Alaoui et al., 2015; Hedman et al., 2012), age of onset did not predict improvement.”
BackgroundResultInfluentialCan we learn to manage stress? A randomized controlled trial carried out on university students
Saleh, D., Camart, N., Sbeira, F., & Romo, L. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0200997 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Mathiasen, K., Andersen, T. E., Lichtenstein, M. B., Ehlers, L. H., Riper, H., Kleiboer, A., & Roessler, K. K. (2022) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/36577 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Amati, F., Banks, C., Greenfield, G., & Green, J. (2017) · Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1093/pubmed/fdx168 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Niles, A. N., Axelsson, E., Andersson, E., Hedman‐Lagerlöf, E., Carlbring, P., Andersson, G., Johansson, R., Widén, S., Driessen, J., Santoft, F., et al. (2020) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2020.103767 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Self-citationAdaptive Elements in Internet-Delivered Psychological Treatment Systems: Systematic Review
Mukhiya, S. K., Wake, J. D., İnal, Y., Pun, K. I., & Lamo, Y. (2020) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/21066 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Chen, H., Rodriguez, M. A., Qian, M., Kishimoto, T., Lin, M., & Berger, T. (2020) · Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy · doi:10.1017/s1352465819000730 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
“Research has shown certain demographic and clinical factors to be associated with adherence in ICBT (Batterham et al., 2008; El Alaoui et al., 2015; Newby et al., 2014; Nordgreen et al., 2012; van Straten et al., 2008; Williams et al., 2014).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialBarnett, P., Oshinowo, I. D., Cooper, C., Taylor, C. J., Smith, S. M., & Pilling, S. (2022) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-022-02378-9 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
“A fair quality study [35] found that in adults given an intervention to improve access to treatment, people with higher educational attainment made more treatment gains.”
BackgroundEl Alaoui, S., Hedman, E., Ljótsson, B., & Lindefors, N. (2015) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2015-007902 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Self-citationPraško, J. P., Ocisková, M., Látalová, K., Kamarádová, D., & Grambal, A. (2016) · Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment · doi:10.2147/ndt.s104301 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Pontén, M., Jonsjö, M. A., Vadenmark, V., Moberg, E., Grannas, D., Andersson, G., Boersma, K., Hedman‐Lagerlöf, E., Kleinstäuber, M., Weise, C., et al. (2023) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291723003033 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
“This has also been suggested for online treatments (El Alaoui et al., 2015; El Alaoui et al., 2016).”
BackgroundSelf-citationSchaeuffele, C., Bär, J., Buengener, I., Grafiadeli, R., Heuthaler, E., Strieder, J., Ziehn, P., Knaevelsrud, C., Renneberg, B., & Boettcher, J. (2022) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-021-10272-y · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Uebelacker, L. A., Weinstock, L. M., Battle, C. L., Abrantes, A. M., & Miller, I. W. (2018) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2018.05.009 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Oehler, C., Scholze, K., Reich, H., Sander, C., & Hegerl, U. (2021) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/28321 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Pedersen, M. K., Mohammadi, R., Mathiasen, K., & Elmose, M. (2020) · Scandinavian Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1111/sjop.12665 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Chiauzzi, E. J., Williams, A. A. A., Mariano, T. Y., Pajarito, S., Robinson, A. H., Kirvin-Quamme, A., & Forman‐Hoffman, V. L. (2024) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-024-05532-6 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Armbruster, C., Knaub, M., Farin‐Glattacker, E., & von der Warth, R. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph192013689 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Dart, E. H., Arora, P. G., Collins, T. A., & Doll, B. J. (2018) · School Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s12310-018-9299-7 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Bean, H. R., Stafford, L., Little, R., Diggens, J., Ftanou, M., Alexander, M., Francis, P. A., Bei, B., & Wiley, J. F. (2020) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-020-4196-4 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Gasslander, N., Alfonsson, S., Jackalin, A., Tengberg, C., Håkansson, J., Huotari, L., & Buhrman, M. (2021) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-021-00663-x · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Wiberg, A.-C., Ghaderi, A., Danielsson, H. B., Safarzadeh, K., Parling, T., Carlbring, P., Jansson, M., & Welch, E. (2022) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2022.100570 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
The Effect of Confidence on Dropout Rate and Outcomes in Online Cognitive Bias Modification
Hohensee, N., Meyer, M. J., & Teachman, B. A. (2020) · Journal of Technology in Behavioral Science · doi:10.1007/s41347-020-00129-8 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Adherence to a web-based pre-treatment for phobias in outpatient clinics
Kok, R. N., Beekman, A. T. F., Cuijpers, P. J., & van Straten, A. (2017) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2017.05.004 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
“Finally, treatment credibility can be discussed with the patient (El Alaoui et al., 2015).”
BackgroundAerts, J. E. M., & Dam, A. V. (2018) · Psychology · doi:10.4236/psych.2018.910139 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
“Our findings are in line with a study of El Alaoui et al. (2015) which showed that patients’ beliefs and expectations are important for adherence in e-health, while the influence of the therapist is less distinct.”
ResultHauschildt, M., Arlt, S., Moritz, S., Yassari, A. H., & Jelinek, L. (2022) · Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy · doi:10.1002/cpp.2733 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Forand, N. R., Huibers, M., & DeRubeis, R. (2017) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/ccp0000182 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
“Engaging in more sessions is consistently associated with better outcomes in cCBT for depression and anxiety (El Alaoui et al., 2015; Hilvert-Bruce, Rossouw, Wong, Sunderland, & Andrews, 2012).”
BackgroundThe Role of Treatment Perceptions in Intervention Evaluation: A Review
Sidani, S., & Fox, M. T. (2020) · Science of Nursing and Health Practices · doi:10.31770/2561-7516.1079 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Lopes, F. V., Ravesteijn, B., Ourti, T. V., & Riumalló‐Herl, C. (2023) · The Lancet Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(23)00155-4 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Beintner, I., Görlich, D., Berger, T., Ebert, D. D., Zeiler, M. D., Herrero, R., Waldherr, K., & Jacobi, C. (2018) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2018.05.001 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Arndt, A., Rubel, J., Berger, T., & Lutz, W. (2020) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2020.100319 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Bernstein, E. E., Weingarden, H. M., Greenberg, J. L., Williams, J., Hoeppner, S. S., Snorrason, Í., Phillips, K. A., Harrison, O., & Wilhelm, S. (2023) · Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jocrd.2023.100781 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Sox, C. M., Tenney‐Soeiro, R., Lewin, L. O., Ronan, J. C., Brown, M., King, M. A., Thompson, R. W., Noelck, M. B., Sutherell, J. S., Silverstein, M., et al. (2018) · Academic Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/j.acap.2017.12.010 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Karlsson-Good, M., Kaldo, V., Lundberg, L., Kraepelien, M., Anthony, S. A., & Holländare, F. (2023) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2023.100678 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Self-citationLo, B., Durocher, K., Charow, R., Kimball, S., Phạm, Q., Sockalingam, S., Wiljer, D., & Strudwick, G. (2025) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/67820 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Côté‐Allard, U., Pham, M. H., Schultz, A. K., Nordgreen, T., & Tørresen, J. (2022) · IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics · doi:10.1109/jbhi.2022.3204737 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Carolan, S., Harris, P. R., Greenwood, K., & Cavanagh, K. (2016) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-016-1733-2 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“Other studies have included online discussion groups as part of an online intervention (for example: [27, 29, 30]), but failed to either report usage data, differentiate the usage of the groups across the treatment groups, or analyse the impact of the discussion groups on the study outcomes.”
BackgroundCumpanasoiu, D. C., Enrique, Á., Palacios, J. E., Duffy, D. J., McNamara, S., & Richards, D. (2022) · JMIR mhealth and uhealth · doi:10.2196/41815 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Zainal, N. H., Benjet, C. L., Albor, Y., Núñez-Delgado, M. J., Cruz, R. Z., Contreras‐Ibáñez, C. C., Cudris–Torres, L., de la Peña, F. R., González, N., Guerrero-López, B., et al. (2025) · International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1002/mpr.70005 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Andriopoulos, A., Olsson, E. M. G., Sylvén, Y. H., Sjöström, J., Johansson, B., von Essén, L., & Grönqvist, H. (2021) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/24590 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Lüdtke, T., Rüegg, N., Moritz, S., Berger, T., & Westermann, S. (2021) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2021.114223 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Hentati, A., Forsell, E., Ljótsson, B., Lindefors, N., & Kraepelien, M. (2022) · BJPsych Open · doi:10.1192/bjo.2022.14 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“21,22 Other specific factors associated with increased adherence is if the intervention is perceived as helpful and relevant to the patient ’ s problems.”
Self-citationSicard, V., O'Kane, K. M. K., Brown, O., Butterfield, L., Kardish, R., Choi, E., Healey, K., Silverberg, N. D., Smith, A., Goldfield, G. S., et al. (2024) · Digital Health · doi:10.1177/20552076241248296 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Schønning, A., & Nordgreen, T. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.712421 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“…one of the most stable predictors of symptom reduction, and contrary to what one might expect, higher levels of baseline symptoms are not necessarily associated with negative treatment outcomes (Nordgreen et al., 2012; El Alaoui et al., 2015b; Hadjistavropoulos et al., 2015; Edmonds et al., 2018).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialRozen, N., & Aderka, I. M. (2020) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2020.101874 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Mehrmann, L. M., & Gerlach, A. L. (2023) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-023-10430-4 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Sieverink, F. (2017) · doi:10.3990/1.9789036544177 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Sicard, V., O'Kane, K., Brown, O., Butterfield, L., Kardish, R., Choi, E., Healey, K., Silverberg, N. D., Smith, A., Goldfield, G., et al. (2022) · doi:10.2196/preprints.44757 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Senyard, E., Rowe, A., Krishnamoorthy, G., & March, S. (2025) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.70007 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“Given that higher engagement in iCBT is linked to better clinical outcomes (El Alaoui et al. 2015; Hadjistavropoulos et al. 2016, and March et al. 2021), low program adherence and completion rates threaten the potential viability of iCBT approaches.”
du Toit, S. A., Schweizer, S., Moustafa, A. A., & Wong, Q. J. J. (2024) · Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy · doi:10.1891/jcp-2022-0013 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Lebel, J., Flores-Tremblay, T., Binet, É., Ouellet, M., & Belleville, G. (2021) · Santé mentale au Québec · doi:10.7202/1081516ar · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Becker, M. P. I., Voegler, R., Peterburs, J., Hofmann, D., Bellebaum, C., & Straube, T. (2019) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/821512 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“The degree of alteration in these predictions might further affect the course and severity of the disorder as well as responsiveness to therapy (Safren et al., 1997; Delsignore & Schnyder, 2007; El Alaoui et al., 2015).”
BackgroundRoshanghalb, A., Hansen, B., Rudoler, D., & Best, M. W. (2024) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-024-05817-w · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Rozental, A. (2016) · DiVA (Stockholm University) · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Nordh, M., Serlachius, E., Hesser, H., Mataix‐Cols, D., & Högström, J. (2022) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2022.104230 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Binet, É., Ouellet, M., Lebel, J., Békés, V., Morin, C. M., & Belleville, G. (2022) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm11226649 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Sundström, C., Eék, N., Kraepelien, M., Kaldo, V., & Berman, A. H. (2022) · European Addiction Research · doi:10.1159/000527868 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citationMathiasen, K., Andersen, T. E., Lichtenstein, M. B., Riper, H., Kleiboer, A., & Roessler, K. K. (2022) · doi:10.2196/preprints.36577 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Wojnarowski, C., Simmonds‐Buckley, M., & Kellett, S. (2024) · British Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjc.12508 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“Some of the prescriptive variables fit with existing evidence, as El Alaoui et al. (2015); Delgadillo et al. (2016) and Mathiasen et al. (2018) all suggest that employment status significantly predicts outcomes.”
Barakat, S., Rom, S., Kim, M., Aouad, P., & Maguire, S. (2025) · European Eating Disorders Review · doi:10.1002/erv.3176 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Gupta, N., Gardin, F., Berger, T., & Kawohl, W. (2025) · JMIR Human Factors · doi:10.2196/85816 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“Online interventions are often characterized by high dropout and low adherence rates [5,6], highlighting the need to systematically investigate the underlying mechanisms behind it, as adherence can be a relevant factor for therapeutic success in prior research on treatment outcomes [7,8].”
Gatov, E., Bhattacharyya, O. K., Strudwick, G., Wiljer, D., & Kurdyak, P. (2025) · Journal of Technology in Behavioral Science · doi:10.1007/s41347-025-00555-6 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Bjarke, J., Gjestad, R., & Nordgreen, T. (2026) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2026.100907 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Karlsson-Good, M., Holländare, F., Hesser, H., Östlund, B., Odén, I., Tallström, F., Stenelius, J., Kaldo, V., Forsell, E., Ljótsson, B., et al. (2026) · Cognitive Behaviour Therapy · doi:10.1080/16506073.2026.2632368 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationHjärnan formas av psykologisk behandling
Månsson, K. N. T. (2016) · Linköping studies in behavioural science · doi:10.3384/diss.diva-132637 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Who seeks Internet-based interventions for depression in Brazil?
Lopes, R. D. C. T., Svacina, M. A., Penedo, J. M. G., Roussos, A., Meyer, B., & Berger, T. (2021) · Estudos de Psicologia (Campinas) · doi:10.1590/1982-0275202138e190166 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“The higher proportion of females, also found in other studies (Alaoui et al., 2015; Reinwand, Schultz, Crutzen, Kremers, & Vries, 2015;)”
ResultExamination of Interventions’ Acceptance
(2021) · doi:10.1002/9781119610113.ch11 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Schaeuffele, C., Bär, J., Buengener, I., Grafiadeli, R., Heuthaler, E., Strieder, J., Ziehn, P., Knaevelsrud, C., Renneberg, B., & Boettcher, J. (2021) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/fs4x8 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
du Toit, S. A., Schweizer, S., & Wong, Q. J. J. (2023) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/yp6qd
Roshanghalb, A., Hansen, B., Rudoler, D., & Best, M. W. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26724611
Roshanghalb, A., Hansen, B., Rudoler, D., & Best, M. W. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26724614
Roshanghalb, A., Hansen, B., Rudoler, D., & Best, M. W. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26724620
Chiauzzi, E. J., Williams, A. A. A., Mariano, T. Y., Pajarito, S., Robinson, A. H., Kirvin-Quamme, A., & Forman‐Hoffman, V. L. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26674502
Roshanghalb, A., Hansen, B., Rudoler, D., & Best, M. W. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26724617
Gasslander, N., Sundström, F., Andersson, G., & Buhrman, M. (2026) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2026.100958
“…research has identified several early predictors of low adherence in iCBT, such as treatment credibility, treatment personalization, and depression (Alaoui et al., 2015; Beatty and Binnion, 2016; Gasslander et al., 2021; Sanabria-Mazo et al., 2025), and some research suggest that therapist…”
Self-citationSensing and Interventions for Social Anxiety: A Review
Poprcova, V., Lefter, I., Warnier, M., & Brazier, F. M. T. (2026) · ACM Transactions on Computing for Healthcare · doi:10.1145/3850152
“The study conducted on a large sample of 764 adults over a four-year period [36] indicates that co-morbid ADHD and male gender are associated with poorer treatment outcomes.”
- Authors
- El Alaoui, S., Ljótsson, B., Hedman, E., Kaldo, V., Andersson, E., Rück, C., Andersson, G., & Lindefors, N.
- Affiliations
- Karolinska Institutet (SE)
- Linköping University (SE)
- Venue
- PLOS ONE
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2015-04-20
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- e0124258
- ISSN
- 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4404057
- OpenAlex
- W2081402562
- Cited by
- 98
- References
- 61
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 3
- FWCI
- 16.75
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DiVA (Linkoping University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Stockholms Läns Landsting
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Digital Mental Health Interventions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
- Keywords
- social anxiety disorder, internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy, medication adherence, treatment response prediction, treatment credibility, prognostic factors, family history of mental illness, ADHD-like symptoms, Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale
- MeSH terms
- Distance Counseling, Adult, Anxiety Disorders, Female, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Mental Health Services, Patient Compliance, Predictive Value of Tests, Prognosis, Surveys and Questionnaires, Social Class, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Treatment Outcome, Internet
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