The effect of diet and exercise on intestinal integrity and microbial diversity in mice
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BACKGROUND: The gut microbiota is now known to play an important role contributing to inflammatory-based chronic diseases. This study examined intestinal integrity/inflammation and the gut microbial communities in sedentary and exercising mice presented with a normal or high-fat diet. METHODS: Thirty-six, 6-week old C57BL/6NTac male mice were fed a normal or high-fat diet for 12-weeks and randomly assigned to exercise or sedentary groups. After 12 weeks animals were sacrificed and duodenum/ileum tissues were fixed for immunohistochemistry for occludin, E-cadherin, and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). The bacterial communities were assayed in fecal samples using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (TRFLP) analysis and pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons. RESULTS: Lean sedentary (LS) mice presented normal histologic villi while obese sedentary (OS) mice had similar villi height with more than twice the width of the LS animals. Both lean (LX) and obese exercise (OX) mice duodenum and ileum were histologically normal. COX-2 expression was the greatest in the OS group, followed by LS, LX and OX. The TRFLP and pyrosequencing indicated that members of the Clostridiales order were predominant in all diet groups. Specific phylotypes were observed with exercise, including Faecalibacterium prausnitzi, Clostridium spp., and Allobaculum spp. CONCLUSION: These data suggest that exercise has a strong influence on gut integrity and host microbiome which points to the necessity for more mechanistic studies of the interactions between specific bacteria in the gut and its host.
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High-intensity endurance training modified the gut microbiota in animal studies.
“In accordance, animal studies by us and others have reported that high-intensity endurance training modified the gut microbiota (Campbell et al., 2016; Denou et al., 2016)”
From Six-Week Endurance Exercise Alters Gut Metagenome That Is not Reflected in Systemic Metabolism in Over-weight Women (2018) · cites this paper as Campbell et al., 2016
Exercised mice have bacteria related to Faecalibacterium prausnitzii which may protect the digestive tract by producing butyrate and lowering oxygen tension in the lumen by a flavin/thiol electron shuttle.
“Campbell et al. [88] asserted that exercised mice have bacteria related to Faecalibacterium prausnitzii which may protect the digestive tract by producing butyrate and lowering the oxygen tension in the lumen by a flavin/thiol electron shuttle.”
From The athletic gut microbiota (2020) · cites this paper as [88]
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- Authors
- Campbell, S. C., Wisniewski, P. J., Noji, M., McGuinness, L. R., Häggblom, M. M., Lightfoot, S. A., Joseph, L. B., & Kerkhof, L. J.
- Affiliations
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey (US)
- Corresponding author
- Campbell, Sara C.
- Venue
- PLOS ONE
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2016-03-08
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- e0150502
- ISSN
- 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4783017
- OpenAlex
- W2295140408
- Cited by
- 268
- References
- 60
- Citations by year
- 2026: 18 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 33 · 2023: 24 · 2022: 33 · 2021: 34 · 2020: 33 · 2019: 25 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 26 · 2016: 8
- FWCI
- 12.99
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Rutgers University Community Repository (Rutgers University) (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (U54AR055073)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Gastrointestinal motility and disorders
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Probiotics and Fermented Foods
- Keywords
- gut microbiota, high-fat diet, physical activity, intestinal integrity, intestinal inflammation, cyclooxygenase-2, occludin, E-cadherin, villus morphology, Clostridiales, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Clostridium, Allobaculum, obesity, sedentary behavior, host-microbe interactions
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Animal Feed, Bacteria, Body Weight, Feces, Intestines, Male, Phylogeny, Physical Conditioning, Animal, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S, Biomarkers, Cadherins, Biodiversity, Mice, Metagenome, Occludin, Microbiota
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