Voluntary and forced exercise differentially alters the gut microbiome in C57BL/6J mice
Abstract
We have previously shown that voluntary wheel running (VWR) attenuates, whereas forced treadmill running (FTR) exacerbates, intestinal inflammation and clinical outcomes in a mouse model of colitis. As the gut microbiome is implicated in colitis, we hypothesized that VWR and FTR would differentially affect the gut microbiome. Mice (9-10/treatment) were randomly assigned to VWR, FTR, or sedentary home cage control (SED) for 6 wk. VWR were given running wheel access, whereas FTR ran on a treadmill for 40 min/day at 8–12 m/min, 5% grade. Forty-eight hours after the last exercise session, DNA was isolated from the fecal pellets and cecal contents, and the conserved bacterial 16S rRNA gene was amplified and sequenced using the Illumina Miseq platform. Permutational multivariate analysis of variance based on weighted UniFrac distance matrix revealed different bacterial clusters between feces and cecal contents in all groups ( P < 0.01). Interestingly, the community structures of the three treatment groups clustered separately from each other in both gut regions ( P < 0.05). Contrary to our hypothesis, the α-diversity metric, Chao1, indicated that VWR led to reduced bacterial richness compared with FTR or SED ( P < 0.05). Taxonomic evaluation revealed that both VWR and FTR altered many individual bacterial taxa. Of particular interest, Turicibacter spp., which has been strongly associated with immune function and bowel disease, was significantly lower in VWR vs. SED/FTR. These data indicate that VWR and FTR differentially alter the intestinal microbiome of mice. These effects were observed in both the feces and cecum despite vastly different community structures between each intestinal region.
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In animal models, exercise has boosted the abundance of Dorea.
“In animal models exercise has boosted the abundance of Dorea (Allen et al., 2015; Denou et al., 2016)”
From Six-Week Endurance Exercise Alters Gut Metagenome That Is not Reflected in Systemic Metabolism in Over-weight Women (2018) · cites this paper as Allen et al., 2015
Induced exercise-stress decreased cecal levels of Turicibacter spp and increased Ruminococcus gnavus.
“For instance, induced exercise-stress decreased cecal levels of Turicibacter spp and increased Ruminococcus gnavus, which have well defined roles in intestinal mucus degradation and immune function.”
From Exercise-induced stress behavior, gut-microbiota-brain axis and diet: a systematic review for athletes (2016) · cites this paper as [52]
Physical activity can alter microbiota composition as well as metabolic function that could either positively or negatively affect performance.
“This preliminary study in exercised and stressed-animals shows that physical activity can alter microbiota composition as well as metabolic function that could either positively or negatively affect performance.”
From Exercise-induced stress behavior, gut-microbiota-brain axis and diet: a systematic review for athletes (2016) · cites this paper as [52]
Fecal and cecal levels of Turicibacter spp. were significantly lower in voluntary runners compared to the 6 week forced treadmill running group.
“Fecal and cecal levels of Turicibacter spp., which has been strongly associated with immune function and bowel disease, were significantly lower in voluntary runners compared to the 6 week forced treadmill running group.”
From Exercise-induced stress behavior, gut-microbiota-brain axis and diet: a systematic review for athletes (2016) · cites this paper as [52]
Voluntary wheel running for 6 weeks attenuated symptoms, whereas forced treadmill running exacerbates intestinal inflammation and clinical outcomes in a colitis mouse model.
“Voluntary wheel running for 6 weeks attenuated symptoms, whereas forced treadmill running exacerbates intestinal inflammation and clinical outcomes in a colitis mouse model [52].”
From Exercise-induced stress behavior, gut-microbiota-brain axis and diet: a systematic review for athletes (2016) · cites this paper as [52]
Ruminococcus gnavus was increased in the forced group compared to sedentary group, together with Butyrivibrio spp., Oscillospira spp., and Coprococcus spp.
“Additionally, Ruminococcus gnavus, which has well defined roles in intestinal mucus degradation, was increased in the forced group compared to sedentary group [52], together with Butyrivibrio spp., Oscillospira spp., and Coprococcus spp.”
From Exercise-induced stress behavior, gut-microbiota-brain axis and diet: a systematic review for athletes (2016) · cites this paper as [52]
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- Authors
- Allen, J. M., Berg Miller, M. E., Pence, B. D., Whitlock, K., Nehra, V., Gaskins, H. R., White, B. A., Fryer, J. D., & Woods, J. A.
- Affiliations
- Mayo Clinic (US)
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois;
- University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (US)
- Mayo Clinic in Florida (US)
- Corresponding author
- Woods, Jeffrey A.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Applied Physiology
- Publisher
- American Physiological Society
- Published
- 2015-04-15
- Volume
- 118
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 1059-1066
- ISSN
- 0161-7567 (ISSN-L)
- 8750-7587
- 1522-1601
- OpenAlex
- W2093066233
- Cited by
- 266
- References
- 53
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 23 · 2023: 24 · 2022: 40 · 2021: 36 · 2020: 29 · 2019: 26 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 22 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 3
- FWCI
- 8.82
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Applied Physiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Inflammatory Bowel Disease
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Gastrointestinal motility and disorders
- Keywords
- gut microbiota, voluntary wheel running, exercise mode, colitis, intestinal inflammation, Turicibacter, fecal microbiota, cecal microbiota, bacterial diversity, C57BL/6J mice
- MeSH terms
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Animals, Body Weight, Cecum, Colitis, Colon, Disease Models, Animal, Feces, Male, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Physical Conditioning, Animal, Random Allocation, Stress, Psychological, Sedentary Behavior, Microbial Consortia
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