The DOI matches its Crossref record; 5 of the 5 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The Small World of the Cerebral Cortex
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Distributed hierarchical processing in the primate cerebral cortex
Felleman, D. J., & Van Essen, D. C. (1991) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/1.1.1 · Cited by 7,783
Hierarchical Organization of Modularity in Metabolic Networks
Ravasz, E., Somera, A. L., Mongru, D. A., Oltvai, Z. N., & Barabási, A.-L. (2002) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1073374 · Cited by 4,224
Classes of small-world networks
Amaral, L. A. N., Scala, A., Barthélémy, M., & Stanley, H. E. (2000) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.200327197 · Cited by 3,051
Cortex: Statistics and Geometry of Neuronal Connectivity
Braitenberg, V., & Schüz, A. (1998) · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-03733-1 · Cited by 1,178 · cited 2×
“Detailed anatomical studies demonstrate an exponential or Gaussian fall-off of connection probability with increasing spatial separation of two neurons (Braitenberg and Schüz, 1998; Hellwig, 2000; Liley and Wright, 1994).”
BackgroundThe anatomical basis of functional localization in the cortex
Passingham, R. E., Stephan, K. E., & Kötter, R. (2002) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn893 · Cited by 1,024
Cited by
Complex brain networks: graph theoretical analysis of structural and functional systems
Bullmore, E., & Sporns, O. (2009) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn2575 · Cited by 11,820
Self-citationComplex network measures of brain connectivity: Uses and interpretations
Rubinov, M., & Sporns, O. (2010) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.10.003 · Cited by 11,522
Self-citationSynchronization in complex networks
Arenas, A., Díaz-Guilera, A., Kurths, J., Moreno, Y., & Zhou, C. (2008) · Physics Reports · doi:10.1016/j.physrep.2008.09.002 · Cited by 3,713
The Human Connectome: A Structural Description of the Human Brain
Sporns, O., Tononi, G., & Kötter, R. (2005) · PLoS Computational Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.0010042 · Cited by 3,260
Self-citationDistinct brain networks for adaptive and stable task control in humans
Dosenbach, N. U. F., Fair, D. A., Miezin, F. M., Cohen, A. L., Wenger, K. K., Dosenbach, R. A. T., Fox, M. D., Snyder, A. Z., Vincent, J. L., Raichle, M. E., et al. (2007) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0704320104 · Cited by 2,632
Bassett, D. S., & Bullmore, E. (2006) · The Neuroscientist · doi:10.1177/1073858406293182 · Cited by 2,600
Efficiency and Cost of Economical Brain Functional Networks
Achard, S., & Bullmore, E. (2007) · PLoS Computational Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.0030017 · Cited by 2,553
Achard, S., Salvador, R., Whitcher, B., Suckling, J., & Bullmore, E. (2006) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3874-05.2006 · Cited by 2,393
On the relationship between emotion and cognition
Pessoa, L. (2008) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn2317 · Cited by 2,350
Organization, development and function of complex brain networks
SPORNS, O., CHIALVO, D., KAISER, M., & HILGETAG, C. (2004) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2004.07.008 · Cited by 2,055
Self-citationStructural and Functional Brain Networks: From Connections to Cognition
Park, H.-J., & Friston, K. (2013) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1238411 · Cited by 2,106
A dual-networks architecture of top-down control
Dosenbach, N. U. F., Fair, D. A., Cohen, A. L., Schlaggar, B. L., & Petersen, S. E. (2008) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2008.01.001 · Cited by 1,931
Neurophysiological and Computational Principles of Cortical Rhythms in Cognition
Wang, X.-J. (2010) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00035.2008 · Cited by 1,939
Emerging concepts for the dynamical organization of resting-state activity in the brain
Deco, G., Jirsa, V. K., & McIntosh, A. R. (2011) · Nature reviews. Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn2961 · Cited by 1,798
Functional brain networks develop from a local to distributed organization
Fair, D. A., Cohen, A. L., Power, J. D., Dosenbach, N. U. F., Church, J. A., Miezin, F. M., Schlaggar, B. L., & Petersen, S. E. (2009) · PLoS Computational Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000381 · Cited by 1,530
Identification and classification of hubs in brain networks
Sporns, O., Honey, C. J., & Kötter, R. (2007) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0001049 · Cited by 1,165
Self-citationComparing Brain Networks of Different Size and Connectivity Density Using Graph Theory
van Wijk, B. C. M., Stam, C. J., & Daffertshofer, A. (2010) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0013701 · Cited by 1,161
Network Analysis of Intrinsic Functional Brain Connectivity in Alzheimer's Disease
Supekar, K., Menon, V., Rubin, D., Musen, M., & Greicius, M. D. (2008) · PLoS Computational Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000100 · Cited by 1,148
Gong, G., He, Y., Concha, L., Lebel, C., Gross, D. W., Evans, A. C., & Beaulieu, C. (2009) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhn102 · Cited by 1,112
He, Y., Chen, Z., & Evans, A. (2008) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0141-08.2008 · Cited by 965
A Weighted and Directed Interareal Connectivity Matrix for Macaque Cerebral Cortex
Markov, N. T., Ercsey-Ravasz, M. M., Ribeiro Gomes, A. R., Lamy, C., Magrou, L., Vezoli, J., Misery, P., Falchier, A., Quilodran, R., Gariel, M. A., et al. (2014) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhs270 · Cited by 857
Time-resolved resting-state brain networks
Zalesky, A., Fornito, A., Cocchi, L., Gollo, L. L., & Breakspear, M. (2014) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1400181111 · Cited by 753
Development of large-scale functional brain networks in children
Supekar, K., Musen, M., & Menon, V. (2009) · PLoS Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1000157 · Cited by 807
Mapping Human Whole-Brain Structural Networks with Diffusion MRI
Hagmann, P., Kurant, M., Gigandet, X., Thiran, P., Wedeen, V. J., Meuli, R., & Thiran, J.-P. (2007) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0000597 · Cited by 788
Signature of consciousness in the dynamics of resting-state brain activity
Barttfeld, P., Uhrig, L., Sitt, J. D., Sigman, M., Jarraya, B., & Dehaene, S. (2015) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1418031112 · Cited by 670
Herculano-Houzel, S. (2012) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1201895109 · Cited by 726
Schizophrenia, neuroimaging and connectomics
Fornito, A., Zalesky, A., Pantelis, C., & Bullmore, E. T. (2012) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.12.090 · Cited by 716
Graph analysis of the human connectome: Promise, progress, and pitfalls
Fornito, A., Zalesky, A., & Breakspear, M. (2013) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.04.087 · Cited by 743
Rethinking segregation and integration: contributions of whole-brain modelling
Deco, G., Tononi, G., Boly, M., & Kringelbach, M. L. (2015) · Nature reviews. Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn3963 · Cited by 658
Can structure predict function in the human brain?
Honey, C. J., Thivierge, J.-P., & Sporns, O. (2010) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.01.071 · Cited by 629
Self-citationCortical high-density counterstream architectures
Markov, N. T., Ercsey-Ravasz, M., Van Essen, D. C., Knoblauch, K., Toroczkai, Z., & Kennedy, H. (2013) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1238406 · Cited by 616
EEG microstate sequences in healthy humans at rest reveal scale-free dynamics.
Van De Ville, D., Britz, J., & Michel, C. M. (2010) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1007841107 · Cited by 606
Brain Anatomical Network and Intelligence
Li, Y., Liu, Y., Li, J., Qin, W., Li, K., Yu, C., & Jiang, T. (2009) · PLoS Computational Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000395 · Cited by 597
An Integrative Model of the Maturation of Cognitive Control
Luna, B., Marek, S., Larsen, B., Tervo-Clemmens, B., & Chahal, R. (2015) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev-neuro-071714-034054 · Cited by 550
Hutchins, E. (2010) · Topics in Cognitive Science · doi:10.1111/j.1756-8765.2010.01089.x · Cited by 523
Studying the human brain anatomical network via diffusion-weighted MRI and graph theory
Iturria-Medina, Y., Sotero, R. C., Canales-Rodríguez, E. J., Alemán-Gómez, Y., & Melie-García, L. (2008) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.10.060 · Cited by 506
Understanding brain networks and brain organization
Pessoa, L. (2014) · Physics of Life Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.plrev.2014.03.005 · Cited by 464
“Several studies have suggested that the cortical connectivity of the macaque exhibits small-world properties [33].”
BackgroundPolanía, R., Nitsche, M. A., & Paulus, W. (2011) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.21104 · Cited by 434
Disrupted Functional Brain Connectome in Individuals at Risk for Alzheimer's Disease
Wang, J., Zuo, X., Dai, Z., Xia, M., Zhao, Z., Zhao, X., Jia, J., Han, Y., & He, Y. (2013) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2012.03.026 · Cited by 432
Networks of anatomical covariance
Evans, A. C. (2013) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.05.054 · Cited by 429
Gabard-Durnam, L. J., Flannery, J., Goff, B., Gee, D. G., Humphreys, K. L., Telzer, E., Hare, T., & Tottenham, N. (2014) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.03.038 · Cited by 372
Using network science to evaluate exercise-associated brain changes in older adults.
Burdette (2010) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2010.00023 · Cited by 320
Barttfeld, P., Wicker, B., Cukier, S., Navarta, S., Lew, S., & Sigman, M. (2011) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2010.11.024 · Cited by 311
Small worlds inside big brains
Sporns, O., & Honey, C. J. (2006) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0609523103 · Cited by 307
Self-citationThe parcellation-based connectome: limitations and extensions
de Reus, M. A., & van den Heuvel, M. P. (2013) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.03.053 · Cited by 282
A larynx area in the human motor cortex
Brown, S., Ngan, E., & Liotti, M. (2008) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhm131 · Cited by 286
Network architecture of the long-distance pathways in the macaque brain
Modha, D. S., & Singh, R. (2010) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1008054107 · Cited by 283
Using graph theoretical analysis of multi channel EEG to evaluate the neural efficiency hypothesis
Micheloyannis, S., Pachou, E., Stam, C. J., Vourkas, M., Erimaki, S., & Tsirka, V. (2006) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2006.04.006 · Cited by 277
Bartolomei, F., Bosma, I., Klein, M., Baayen, J. C., Reijneveld, J. C., Postma, T. J., Heimans, J. J., van Dijk, B. W., de Munck, J. C., de Jongh, A., et al. (2006) · Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2006.05.018 · Cited by 276
Simulation of robustness against lesions of cortical networks
Kaiser, M., Martin, R., Andras, P., & Young, M. P. (2007) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2007.05574.x · Cited by 244
Network analysis of resting state EEG in the developing young brain: structure comes with maturation
Boersma, M., Smit, D. J. A., de Bie, H. M. A., Van Baal, G. C. M., Boomsma, D. I., de Geus, E. J. C., Delemarre‐van de Waal, H. A., & Stam, C. J. (2011) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.21030 · Cited by 235
Dyhrfjeld-Johnsen, J., Santhakumar, V., Morgan, R. J., Huerta, R., Tsimring, L., & Soltesz, I. (2007) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00950.2006 · Cited by 230
Transcriptional Architecture of the Primate Neocortex
Bernard, A., Lubbers, L. S., Tanis, K. Q., Luo, R., Podtelezhnikov, A. A., Finney, E. M., McWhorter, M. M. E., Serikawa, K., Lemon, T., Morgan, R., et al. (2012) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2012.03.002 · Cited by 224
The importance of being hierarchical
Markov, N. T., & Kennedy, H. (2013) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.conb.2012.12.008 · Cited by 204
Disrupted Small-World Brain Networks in Moderate Alzheimer's Disease: A Resting-State fMRI Study
Zhao, X., Liu, Y., Wang, X., Liu, B., Xi, Q., Guo, Q., Jiang, H., Jiang, T., & Wang, P. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0033540 · Cited by 215
The contribution of geometry to the human connectome
Roberts, J. A., Perry, A., Lord, A. R., Roberts, G., Mitchell, P. B., Smith, R. E., Calamante, F., & Breakspear, M. (2016) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.09.009 · Cited by 213
Bistability and Non-Gaussian Fluctuations in Spontaneous Cortical Activity
Freyer, F., Aquino, K., Robinson, P. A., Ritter, P., & Breakspear, M. (2009) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0754-09.2009 · Cited by 189
Development Trends of White Matter Connectivity in the First Years of Life
Yap, P.-T., Fan, Y., Chen, Y., Gilmore, J. H., Lin, W., & Shen, D. (2011) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0024678 · Cited by 190
Exploring the Morphospace of Communication Efficiency in Complex Networks
Goñi, J., Avena-Koenigsberger, A., Velez de Mendizabal, N., van den Heuvel, M. P., Betzel, R. F., & Sporns, O. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0058070 · Cited by 158
Self-citationChanges in Community Structure of Resting State Functional Connectivity in Unipolar Depression
Lord, A., Horn, D., Breakspear, M., & Walter, M. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0041282 · Cited by 174
Brain network connectivity assessed using graph theory in frontotemporal dementia
Agosta, F., Sala, S., Valsasina, P., Meani, A., Canu, E., Magnani, G., Cappa, S. F., Scola, E., Quatto, P., Horsfield, M. A., et al. (2013) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0b013e31829a33f8 · Cited by 168
Shin, D.-J., Jung, W. H., He, Y., Wang, J., Shim, G., Byun, M. S., Jang, J. H., Kim, S. N., Lee, T. Y., Park, H. Y., et al. (2014) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.09.002 · Cited by 162
The origins of the vocal brain in humans
Belyk, M., & Brown, S. (2017) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.03.014 · Cited by 144
Miraglia, F., Vecchio, F., Bramanti, P., & Rossini, P. M. (2016) · Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2015.07.040 · Cited by 150
Pereira, J. B., Mijalkov, M., Kakaei, E., Mecocci, P., Vellas, B., Tsolaki, M., Kłoszewska, I., Soininen, H., Spenger, C., Lovestone, S., et al. (2016) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhw128 · Cited by 142
A DTI-Derived Measure of Cortico-Cortical Connectivity
Zalesky, A., & Fornito, A. (2009) · IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging · doi:10.1109/tmi.2008.2012113 · Cited by 141
Disturbed resting state eeg synchronization in bipolar disorder: A graph-theoretic analysis
Kim, D.-J., Bolbecker, A. R., Howell, J., Rass, O., Sporns, O., Hetrick, W. P., Breier, A., & O'Donnell, B. F. (2013) · NeuroImage Clinical · doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2013.03.007 · Cited by 141
Self-citationVentura-Antunes, L., Mota, B., & Herculano-Houzel, S. (2013) · Frontiers in Neuroanatomy · doi:10.3389/fnana.2013.00003 · Cited by 129
Sun, Y., Yin, Q., Fang, R., Yan, X., Wang, Y., Bezerianos, A., Tang, H., Miao, F., & Sun, J. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0096505 · Cited by 122
MR connectomics: a conceptual framework for studying the developing brain
Hagmann, P., Grant, P. E., & Fair, D. A. (2012) · Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnsys.2012.00043 · Cited by 96
Connecting a Connectome to Behavior: An Ensemble of Neuroanatomical Models of C. elegans Klinotaxis
Izquierdo, E. J., & Beer, R. D. (2013) · PLoS Computational Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1002890 · Cited by 84
Rich-club in the brain’s macrostructure: Insights from graph theoretical analysis
Kim, D.-J., & Min, B.-K. (2020) · Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal · doi:10.1016/j.csbj.2020.06.039 · Cited by 73
“An early finding from the macroscopic brain network perspective was that the human brain is organized in a highly efficient manner for integrated information transfer [6], known as small-world topolog y, as anticipated in several biological, technical, and social networks [7].”
BackgroundBettinardi, R. G., Tort-Colet, N., Ruiz-Mejias, M., Sanchez-Vives, M. V., & Deco, G. (2015) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.03.037 · Cited by 68
Abnormal functional global and local brain connectivity in female patients with anorexia nervosa
Geisler, D., Borchardt, V., Lord, A. R., Boehm, I., Ritschel, F., Zwipp, J., Clas, S., King, J. A., Wolff-Stephan, S., Roessner, V., et al. (2016) · Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience · doi:10.1503/jpn.140310 · Cited by 62
A Healthy Brain in a Healthy Body: Brain Network Correlates of Physical and Mental Fitness
Douw, L., Nieboer, D., van Dijk, B. W., Stam, C. J., & Twisk, J. W. R. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0088202 · Cited by 57
neuroVIISAS: Approaching Multiscale Simulation of the Rat Connectome
Schmitt, O., & Eipert, P. (2012) · Neuroinformatics · doi:10.1007/s12021-012-9141-6 · Cited by 51
Liang, X., Connelly, A., & Calamante, F. (2014) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.11.013 · Cited by 48
The integrated information theory of consciousness: A case of mistaken identity
Merker, B., Williford, K., & Rudrauf, D. (2022) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x21000881 · Cited by 49
The Influence of Wiring Economy on Nervous System Evolution
Wang, I. E., & Clandinin, T. R. (2016) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2016.08.053 · Cited by 45
Aydın, S., & Onbaşı, L. (2024) · Cognitive Neurodynamics · doi:10.1007/s11571-023-09931-5 · Cited by 46
Lim, H. K., Jung, W. S., & Aizenstein, H. J. (2013) · International Psychogeriatrics · doi:10.1017/s104161021300149x · Cited by 44
3D synaptic organization of layer III of the human anterior cingulate and temporopolar cortex
Cano-Astorga, N., Plaza-Alonso, S., DeFelipe, J., & Alonso-Nanclares, L. (2023) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhad232 · Cited by 26
May, P. J. C., & Tiitinen, H. (2013) · Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncom.2013.00152 · Cited by 14
Metadata
- Authors
- Sporns, O., & Zwi, J. D.
- Venue
- Neuroinformatics
- Published
- 2004
- Volume
- 2
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 145-162
- ISSN
- 1539-2791 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2002429803
- Cited by
- 1,356
- References
- 5
- FWCI
- 13.76
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
