Development Trends of White Matter Connectivity in the First Years of Life
Open accessAbstract
The human brain is organized into a collection of interacting networks with specialized functions to support various cognitive functions. Recent research has reached a consensus that the brain manifests small-world topology, which implicates both global and local efficiency at minimal wiring costs, and also modular organization, which indicates functional segregation and specialization. However, the important questions of how and when the small-world topology and modular organization come into existence remain largely unanswered. Taking a graph theoretic approach, we attempt to shed light on this matter by an in vivo study, using diffusion tensor imaging based fiber tractography, on 39 healthy pediatric subjects with longitudinal data collected at average ages of 2 weeks, 1 year, and 2 years. Our results indicate that the small-world architecture exists at birth with efficiency that increases in later stages of development. In addition, we found that the networks are broad scale in nature, signifying the existence of pivotal connection hubs and resilience of the brain network to random and targeted attacks. We also observed, with development, that the brain network seems to evolve progressively from a local, predominantly proximity based, connectivity pattern to a more distributed, predominantly functional based, connectivity pattern. These observations suggest that the brain in the early years of life has relatively efficient systems that may solve similar information processing problems, but in divergent ways.
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The centrality of the pre-cuneus and cuneus still increases before pre-adolescence.
“The centrality of the pre-cuneus and cuneus still increases before pre-adolescence (Huang et al., 2015; Yap et al., 2011).”
From Quantitative mapping of the brain’s structural connectivity using diffusion MRI tractography: A review (2022) · cites this paper as Yap et al., 2011
The Results section on pediatric network organization reports high centrality for the precuneus and changes in nodal roles across the first two years of life (Fig. 9; no page given). It does not establish that centrality increases for either the precuneus or cuneus, or that such an increase continues up to pre-adolescence. (LLM, conf=0.83)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredNeonatal brains already show a structural hub distribution similar to adult brains.
“although neonatal brains already show similar structural hub distribution as adult brains”
From Quantitative mapping of the brain’s structural connectivity using diffusion MRI tractography: A review (2022) · cites this paper as Yap et al., 2011
The Results sections on broad-scale networks and nodal roles report connection hubs in the neonatal network, but they do not compare the neonatal hub distribution with that of adults. The nodal-roles Results instead report substantial changes over the first two years; the Discussion’s reference to adult-like patterns concerns two-year-olds, not neonates. No page numbers were provided in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.83)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredMany refinements occur for the topological roles of each node after the neonatal period.
“many refinements occur for the topological roles for each node (Yap et al., 2011).”
From Quantitative mapping of the brain’s structural connectivity using diffusion MRI tractography: A review (2022) · cites this paper as Yap et al., 2011
The white-matter connectome at birth is highly organized and includes hub regions and connections similar to those observed in adults.
“Overall, the white-matter connectome at birth is highly organized and includes hub regions and connections that are similar to those observed in adults48,49.”
From Imaging structural and functional brain development in early childhood (2018) · cites this paper as [48]
Network maturation in the first two years after birth generally consists of increased network efficiency and integration, decreased segregation, and some changes in modularity, with most major hubs and modules in place by age two.
“Network maturation in the first 2 years after birth generally consists of increased network efficiency and network integration [G], decreased network segregation [G], and some changes in the modularity48, 51, with most major hubs and modules in place by age 2 years52.”
From Imaging structural and functional brain development in early childhood (2018) · cites this paper as [48]
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- Authors
- Yap, P.-T., Fan, Y., Chen, Y., Gilmore, J. H., Lin, W., & Shen, D.
- Affiliations
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
- Corresponding author
- Shen, Dinggang
- Venue
- PLoS ONE
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2011-09-23
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- e24678
- ISSN
- 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3179462
- OpenAlex
- W2171775073
- Cited by
- 190
- References
- 60
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 26 · 2013: 25 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 10.07
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Carolina Digital Repository (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill) (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- UNC Libraries
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (MH064065)
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH064065, P50MH064065, R03MH076970, MH076970)
- National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (EB009634, R01EB009634)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (HD05300)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Statistical and Nonlinear Physics › Complex Network Analysis Techniques
- Keywords
- white matter connectivity, brain network development, small-world networks, brain network efficiency, network modularity, network hubs, network resilience, early infancy, functional segregation, graph theory, diffusion tensor imaging, fiber tractography, child brain development
- MeSH terms
- Algorithms, Brain, Brain Mapping, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Models, Neurological, Nerve Net, Neural Pathways, Diffusion Tensor Imaging
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