An Integrative Model of the Maturation of Cognitive Control
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Brains systems undergo unique and specific dynamic changes at the cellular, circuit, and systems level that underlie the transition to adult-level cognitive control. We integrate literature from these different levels of analyses to propose a novel model of the brain basis of the development of cognitive control. The ability to consistently exert cognitive control improves into adulthood as the flexible integration of component processes, including inhibitory control, performance monitoring, and working memory, increases. Unique maturational changes in brain structure, supported by interactions between dopaminergic and GABAergic systems, contribute to enhanced network synchronization and an improved signal-to-noise ratio. In turn, these factors facilitate the specialization and strengthening of connectivity in networks supporting the transition to adult levels of cognitive control. This model provides a novel understanding of the adolescent period as an adaptive period of heightened experience-seeking necessary for the specialization of brain systems supporting cognitive control.
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Cognitive skills such as planning, future thinking, inhibiting inappropriate behaviour, emotion regulation, decision making, and particular forms of memory continue to improve during adolescence.
“At the same time, cognitive skills such as planning, future thinking, inhibiting inappropriate behaviour, emotion regulation, decision making, and particular forms of memory continue to improve during adolescence (figure 2). 144-149”
From The Lancet Psychiatry Commission on youth mental health (2024) · cites this paper as [147]
The Introduction and the sections on Inhibitory Control and Working Memory report continued improvement in cognitive control, response inhibition, and working memory during adolescence. The passages do not establish the same developmental claim specifically for planning, future thinking, emotion regulation, or decision making. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredResting-state functional brain networks, especially those supporting executive function, develop rapidly during typical adolescence.
“Resting-state functional brain networks, especially those that subserve executive function, are rapidly developing during typical adolescence (21–23)”
From Impact of Childhood Trauma on Executive Function in Adolescence—Mediating Functional Brain Networks and Prediction of High-Risk Drinking (2020) · cites this paper as [23]
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Adolescence as a neurobiological critical period for the development of higher-order cognition
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The contribution of network organization and integration to the development of cognitive control
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Self-citationWhen Is an Adolescent an Adult? Assessing Cognitive Control in Emotional and Nonemotional Contexts
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A canonical trajectory of executive function maturation from adolescence to adulthood
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“They offer a more in-depth and detailed analysis of processes that may be challenging to understand solely through experimental tasks or self-report measures (Casey, 2015; Luna et al., 2015).”
The scheduling of adolescence with Netrin-1 and UNC5C
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- Authors
- Luna, B., Marek, S., Larsen, B., Tervo-Clemmens, B., & Chahal, R.
- Affiliations
- Department of Psychiatry,
- University of Pittsburgh (US)
- Department of Psychology, and
- Venue
- Annual Review of Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Annual Reviews
- Published
- 2015-07-08
- Volume
- 38
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 151-170
- ISSN
- 0147-006X (ISSN-L)
- 1545-4126
- PMC
- PMC5661874
- OpenAlex
- W2139752141
- Cited by
- 550
- References
- 144
- Citations by year
- 2026: 66 · 2025: 55 · 2024: 70 · 2023: 70 · 2022: 52 · 2021: 50 · 2020: 45 · 2019: 41 · 2018: 46 · 2017: 32 · 2016: 21 · 2015: 1 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 3.25
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Annual Review of Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH080243, MH-067924, MH080243, R37MH080243, R01MH067924)
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (T90DA022761)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R21HD074850)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
- Keywords
- cognitive control, brain maturation, inhibitory control, performance monitoring, working memory, dopaminergic system, GABAergic system, network synchronization, signal-to-noise ratio, brain network connectivity, adolescence, experience seeking, coming of age
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Brain, Cognition, Humans, Models, Neurological, Neural Pathways, Dopaminergic Neurons, GABAergic Neurons
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