Different lateral amygdala outputs mediate reactions and actions elicited by a fear-arousing stimulus
Abstract
Fear-arousing stimuli elicit innate reactions and can reinforce acquisition of new responses. We tested whether mechanisms mediating these conditioned stimulus (CS) properties were isomorphic or dissociable within the amygdala. Rats trained on a fear-conditioning task (CS paired with footshock) were then trained on an escape-from-fear task (EFF) in which the CS reinforced a locomotor response terminating the CS. Lateral nucleus (LA) lesions blocked acquisition of both conditioned freezing responses and the CS's reinforcement of a new response in the EFF task. Central nucleus (CE) lesions blocked conditioned freezing but not the EFF, whereas basal nucleus (B) lesions blocked the EFF but not conditioned freezing. Thus, activation of the LA by a CS seems to trigger conditioned reactions via CE and conditioned aversion via B activation, reduction of which reinforces new actions.
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In rats conditioned to a trauma-like fear response, if allowed to complete an escape response, the fear conditioning immediately disappeared.
“Tellingly, Ledoux found that in rats conditioned through such a procedure to a trauma-like fear response, if they were placed in the same experimental situation and allowed to complete an escape response, the fear conditioning immediately disappeared (Amorapanth et al., 2000).”
From Somatic experiencing: using interoception and proprioception as core elements of trauma therapy (2015) · cites this paper as Amorapanth et al., 2000
The lateral nucleus projects to the basal nucleus of the amygdala, which projects to the striatum, and these connections are essential for avoidance learning.
“The lateral nucleus also projects to the basal nucleus of the amygdala, which projects to the striatum. These connections are essential for avoidance learning (Amorapanth et al., 2000; Ramirez et al., 2015).”
From Active avoidance: Neural mechanisms and attenuation of pavlovian conditioned responding (2017) · cites this paper as Amorapanth et al., 2000
Instrumental control over threat involves the amygdala, striatum, and ventromedial prefrontal cortex in rodents.
“Instrumental control over threat has been shown to involve the amygdala, striatum, and ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) in rodents.”
From Active avoidance: Neural mechanisms and attenuation of pavlovian conditioned responding (2017) · cites this paper as Amorapanth et al., 2000
The basal nucleus of the amygdala is engaged during avoidance learning and may transfer information about CS-US association to the striatum.
“However, the basal nucleus of the amygdala is engaged during avoidance learning and may transfer information about CS-US association to the striatum (Amorapanth et al., 2000; Ramirez et al., 2015).”
From Active avoidance: Neural mechanisms and attenuation of pavlovian conditioned responding (2017) · cites this paper as Amorapanth et al., 2000
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- Authors
- Amorapanth, P., LeDoux, J. E., & Nader, K.
- Affiliations
- New York University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Nader, K.
- Venue
- Nature Neuroscience
- Published
- 2000-01
- Volume
- 3
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 74-79
- ISSN
- 1097-6256 (ISSN-L)
- 1546-1726
- OpenAlex
- W1562182300
- Cited by
- 374
- References
- 4
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 22 · 2012: 15
- FWCI
- 12.48
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5k02mh000956-07)
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH 46516, K02-MH00956, R37MH038774, R01MH046516)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Keywords
- lateral amygdala, central amygdala, basal amygdala, fear conditioning, conditioned freezing, conditioned aversion, footshock, amygdala lesions, conditioned response acquisition, locomotor response
- MeSH terms
- Amygdala, Animals, Behavior, Animal, Conditioning, Classical, Conditioning, Operant, Electrodes, Implanted, Electrolysis, Electroshock, Fear, Models, Neurological, Stereotaxic Techniques, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Rats
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