Influence of social network on occurrence of dementia: a community-based longitudinal study
Abstract
Background Few data are available on the effect of social ties on dementia development. This study explored whether single social network components and different degrees of the social connections affect dementia incidence.Methods A community-based cohort of 1203 non-demented people, living at home in the Kungsholmen district of Stockholm, Sweden, and who had good cognition, was followed for an average period of 3 years. On the basis of medical and psychological data, 176 patients were diagnosed with dementia according to the criteria of the third edition revision of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Information on social network was obtained by personal interview by trained nurses at baseline. The covariates included in the analysis were age, sex, education, cognitive and functional status, depressive symptoms, and vascular diseases.Findings Those individuals living alone, and those without any close social ties, both had an adjusted relative risk for developing dementia of 1.5 (95% CI 1.0-2.1 and 1.0-2.4, respectively). Compared with married people living with someone, single people and those living alone had an adjusted relative risk of 1.9 (95% CI 1.2-3.1). Infrequent contacts with network resources did not increase the risk of the disease if such contacts were experienced as satisfying. When all components were combined in an index, a poor or limited social network increased the risk of dementia by 60% (95% CI 1.2-2.1), and a significant gradient was found for the four degrees of social connections (p=0.0009).Interpretation An extensive social network seems to protect against dementia. Confirmation of this finding and further investigation to clarify the mechanisms are worthwhile due to the implications for prevention.
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Decreased communication time can lead to the acceleration of dementia.
“Previous research has argued decreased communication time can lead to the acceleration of dementia [10]; stimulating communication is a priority for ageing and dementia support.”
From Conversational Affective Social Robots for Ageing and Dementia Support (2022) · cites this paper as [10]
A third study accounting for both size and satisfaction found reduced dementia risk with a more extensive network.
“A third study that took into account both size of and satisfaction with social networks did find reduced risk with a more extensive network”
From Enrichment Effects on Adult Cognitive Development: Can the Functional Capacity of Older Adults Be Preserved and Enhanced? (2008) · cites this paper as Fratiglioni, Wang, Ericsson, Maytan, & Winblad, 2000
Social isolation is associated with increased susceptibility to dementia in the general population of older people.
“increased susceptibility to dementia [23]”
From Interventions targeting social isolation in older people: a systematic review (2011) · cites this paper as [23]
Older adults participating in larger social networks appear to show lower rates of dementia.
“It has long been established that older adults participating in larger social networks appear to show lower rates of dementia (42).”
From The impact of COVID-19 infection and enforced prolonged social isolation on neuropsychiatric symptoms in older adults with and without dementia: A review (2020) · cites this paper as [42]
Previous studies have found that specific types of social isolation were associated with increased dementia risk.
“previous studies have found that specific types of social isolation were associated with increased dementia risk [36], [37].”
From Associations between social relationship measures, serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and risk of stroke and dementia (2017) · cites this paper as [37]
Social integration would provide mental stimulation through complex communication and interaction with others.
“Based on the cognitive reserve theory, social integration would provide mental stimulation through complex communication and interaction with others [23, 24].”
From Social isolation, cognitive reserve, and cognition in healthy older people (2018) · cites this paper as [23]
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- Authors
- Fratiglioni, L., Wang, H.-X., Ericsson, K., Maytan, M., & Winblad, B.
- Affiliations
- Karolinska Institutet (SE)
- Corresponding author
- Fratiglioni, Laura
- Venue
- The Lancet
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2000-04
- Volume
- 355
- Issue
- 9212
- Pages
- 1315-1319
- ISSN
- 0099-5355 (ISSN-L)
- 0140-6736
- OpenAlex
- W2140884566
- Cited by
- 1,361
- References
- 4
- Citations by year
- 2026: 27 · 2025: 38 · 2024: 57 · 2023: 36 · 2022: 58 · 2021: 86 · 2020: 88 · 2019: 80 · 2018: 67 · 2017: 69 · 2016: 72 · 2015: 82 · 2014: 56 · 2013: 60 · 2012: 59
- FWCI
- 17.67
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Lancet (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Vetenskapsrådet
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Aging, Health, and Disability
- Keywords
- dementia, social networks, social ties, living alone, marital status, social isolation, social support, dementia risk, social network index, dementia prevention
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Dementia, Female, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Risk, Social Isolation, Social Support, Cohort Studies
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