Circadian regulation of lipid mobilization in white adipose tissues
Open accessAbstract
In mammals, a network of circadian clocks regulates 24-h rhythms of behavior and physiology. Circadian disruption promotes obesity and the development of obesity-associated disorders, but it remains unclear to which extent peripheral tissue clocks contribute to this effect. To reveal the impact of the circadian timing system on lipid metabolism, blood and adipose tissue samples from wild-type, ClockΔ19, and Bmal1(-/-) circadian mutant mice were subjected to biochemical assays and gene expression profiling. We show diurnal variations in lipolysis rates and release of free fatty acids (FFAs) and glycerol into the blood correlating with rhythmic regulation of two genes encoding the lipolysis pacemaker enzymes, adipose triglyceride (TG) lipase and hormone-sensitive lipase, by self-sustained adipocyte clocks. Circadian clock mutant mice show low and nonrhythmic FFA and glycerol blood content together with decreased lipolysis rates and increased sensitivity to fasting. Instead circadian clock disruption promotes the accumulation of TGs in white adipose tissue (WAT), leading to increased adiposity and adipocyte hypertrophy. In summary, circadian modulation of lipolysis rates regulates the availability of lipid-derived energy during the day, suggesting a role for WAT clocks in the regulation of energy homeostasis.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The adipose clock regulates lipid storage and mobilization.
“For example, the hepatic clock regulates fasting glycemic control and glucose clearance (8), the pancreatic clock regulates insulin secretion and its response to glucose (9-11), the adipose clock regulates lipid storage and mobilization (12,13), and the skeletal muscle clock regulates glucose uptake and metabolism (14).”
From Circadian rhythms, metabolism, and chrononutrition in rodents and humans (2016) · cites this paper as [13]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome in Circadian <i>Clock</i> Mutant Mice
Turek, F. W., Joshu, C., Kohsaka, A., Lin, E., Ivanova, G., McDearmon, E., Laposky, A., Losee-Olson, S., Easton, A., Jensen, D. R., et al. (2005) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1108750 · Cited by 2,485 · see citing works
Yoo, S.-H., Yamazaki, S., Lowrey, P. L., Shimomura, K., Ko, C. H., Buhr, E. D., Siepka, S. M., Hong, H.-K., Oh, W. J., Yoo, O. J., et al. (2004) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0308709101 · Cited by 2,329 · see citing works
Coordinated Transcription of Key Pathways in the Mouse by the Circadian Clock
Panda, S., Antoch, M. P., Miller, B. H., Su, A. I., Schook, A. C., Straume, M., Schultz, P. G., Kay, S. A., Takahashi, J. S., & Hogenesch, J. B. (2002) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(02)00722-5 · Cited by 2,272 · see citing works
Fat Mobilization in Adipose Tissue Is Promoted by Adipose Triglyceride Lipase
Zimmermann, R., Bogner‐Strauß, J. G., Haemmerle, G., Schoiswohl, G., Birner‐Gruenberger, R., Riederer, M., Lass, A., Neuberger, G., Eisenhaber, F., Hermetter, A., et al. (2004) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1100747 · Cited by 2,121 · see citing works
Hatori, M., Vollmers, C., Zarrinpar, A., DiTacchio, L., Bushong, E. A., Gill, S., Leblanc, M., Chaix, A., Joens, M., Fitzpatrick, J. A. J., et al. (2012) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2012.04.019 · Cited by 1,986 · see citing works
Mutagenesis and Mapping of a Mouse Gene, <i>Clock</i> , Essential for Circadian Behavior
Vitaterna, M. H., King, D. P., Chang, A.-M., Kornhauser, J. M., Lowrey, P. L., McDonald, J. D., Dove, W. F., Pinto, L. H., Turek, F. W., & Takahashi, J. S. (1994) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.8171325 · Cited by 1,632 · see citing works
Mop3 is an essential component of the master circadian pacemaker in mammals.
Bunger, M. K., Wilsbacher, L. D., Moran, S. M., Clendenin, C., Radcliffe, L. A., Hogenesch, J. B., Simon, M. C., Takahashi, J. S., & Bradfield, C. A. (2000) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)00205-1 · Cited by 1,621 · see citing works
Disruption of the clock components CLOCK and BMAL1 leads to hypoinsulinaemia and diabetes
Marcheva, B., Ramsey, K. M., Buhr, E. D., Kobayashi, Y., Su, H., Ko, C. H., Ivanova, G., Omura, C., Mo, S., Vitaterna, M. H., et al. (2010) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature09253 · Cited by 1,525 · see citing works
Extensive and divergent circadian gene expression in liver and heart
Storch, K.-F., Lipan, O., Leykin, I., Viswanathan, N., Davis, F. C., Wong, W. H., & Weitz, C. J. (2002) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature744 · Cited by 1,509 · see citing works
Defective lipolysis and altered energy metabolism in mice lacking adipose triglyceride lipase
Haemmerle, G., Lass, A., Zimmermann, R., Gorkiewicz, G., Meyer, C., Rozman, J., Heldmaier, G., Maier, R., Theussl, C., Eder, S., et al. (2006) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1123965 · Cited by 1,375 · see citing works
Rudic, R. D., McNamara, P., Curtis, A.-M., Boston, R. C., Panda, S., Hogenesch, J. B., & FitzGerald, G. A. (2004) · PLoS Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0020377 · Cited by 1,059 · see citing works
Physiological significance of a peripheral tissue circadian clock
Lamia, K. A., Storch, K.-F., & Weitz, C. J. (2008) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0806717105 · Cited by 1,048 · see citing works
Regulation of Lipolysis in Adipocytes
Duncan, R. E., Ahmadian, M., Jaworski, K., Sarkadi-Nagy, E., & Sul, H. S. (2007) · Annual Review of Nutrition · doi:10.1146/annurev.nutr.27.061406.093734 · Cited by 1,021 · see citing works
Regulation of circadian behaviour and metabolism by synthetic REV-ERB agonists
Solt, L. A., Wang, Y., Banerjee, S., Hughes, T., Kojetin, D. J., Lundåsen, T., Shin, Y., Liu, J., Cameron, M. D., Noël, R., et al. (2012) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature11030 · Cited by 835 · see citing works
ATGL-mediated fat catabolism regulates cardiac mitochondrial function via PPAR-α and PGC-1
Haemmerle, G., Moustafa, T., Wölkart, G., Büttner, S., Schmidt, A. G., van de Weijer, T., Hesselink, M. K. C., Jaeger, D., Kienesberger, P. C., Zierler, K. A., et al. (2011) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm.2439 · Cited by 767 · see citing works
Schweiger, M., Schreiber, R., Haemmerle, G., Lass, A., Fledelius, C., Jacobsen, P., Tornqvist, H. E., Zechner, R., & Zimmermann, R. (2006) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m608048200 · Cited by 728 · see citing works
Lipid homeostasis, lipotoxicity and the metabolic syndrome
Unger, R. H., Clark, G. O., Scherer, P. E., & Orci, L. (2009) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids · doi:10.1016/j.bbalip.2009.10.006 · Cited by 595 · see citing works
Osuga, J.-I., Ishibashi, S., Oka, T., Yagyu, H., Tozawa, R., Fujimoto, A., Shionoiri, F., Yahagi, N., Kraemer, F. B., Tsutsumi, O., et al. (2000) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.97.2.787 · Cited by 586 · see citing works
The human circadian metabolome
Dallmann, R., Viola, A. U., Tarokh, L., Cajochen, C., & Brown, S. A. (2012) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1114410109 · Cited by 566 · see citing works
Shimba, S., Ishii, N., Ohta, Y., Ohno, T., Watabe, Y., Hayashi, M., Wada, T., Aoyagi, T., & Tezuka, M. (2005) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0502383102 · Cited by 536 · see citing works
Oster, H., Damerow, S., Kiessling, S., Jakubcakova, V., Abraham, D., Tian, J., Hoffmann, M. W., & Eichele, G. (2006) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2006.07.002 · Cited by 528 · see citing works
Self-citationDesnutrin/ATGL Is Regulated by AMPK and Is Required for a Brown Adipose Phenotype
Ahmadian, M., Abbott, M. J., Tang, T., Hudak, C. S. S., Kim, Y., Bruss, M. D., Hellerstein, M. K., Lee, H., Samuel, V. T., Shulman, G. I., et al. (2011) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2011.05.002 · Cited by 526 · see citing works
Identification of Small Molecule Activators of Cryptochrome
Hirota, T., Lee, J. W., John, P. C. S., Sawa, M., Iwaisako, K., Noguchi, T., Pongsawakul, P. Y., Sonntag, T., Welsh, D. K., Brenner, D. A., et al. (2012) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1223710 · Cited by 500 · see citing works
Characterization of Peripheral Circadian Clocks in Adipose Tissues
Zvonic, S., Ptitsyn, A. A., Conrad, S. A., Scott, L. K., Floyd, Z. E., Kilroy, G. E., Wu, X., Goh, B. C. K., Mynatt, R. L., & Gimble, J. M. (2006) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.55.04.06.db05-0873 · Cited by 495 · see citing works
PER2 controls lipid metabolism by direct regulation of PPARγ
Grimaldi, B., Bellet, M. M., Katada, S., Astarita, G., Hirayama, J., Amin, R. H., Granneman, J. G., Piomelli, D., Leff, T., & Sassone-Corsi, P. (2010) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2010.10.005 · Cited by 489 · see citing works
Molecular Bases of Circadian Rhythms
Harmer, S. L., Panda, S., & Kay, S. A. (2001) · Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.1146/annurev.cellbio.17.1.215 · Cited by 440 · see citing works
Adipocyte Lipases and Defect of Lipolysis in Human Obesity
Langin, D., Dicker, A., Tavernier, G., Hoffstedt, J., Mairal, A., Rydén, M., Arner, E., Sicard, A., Jenkins, C. M., Viguerie, N., et al. (2005) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.54.11.3190 · Cited by 371 · see citing works
Coordination of the transcriptome and metabolome by the circadian clock
Eckel‐Mahan, K. L., Patel, V. R., Mohney, R. P., Vignola, K. S., Baldi, P., & Sassone‐Corsi, P. (2012) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1118726109 · Cited by 370 · see citing works
Novel Form of Lipolysis Induced by Leptin
Wang, M.-Y., Lee, Y., & Unger, R. H. (1999) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.274.25.17541 · Cited by 364 · see citing works
Shimba, S., Ogawa, T., Hitosugi, S., Ichihashi, Y., Nakadaira, Y., Kobayashi, M., Tezuka, M., Kosuge, Y., Ishige, K., Ito, Y., et al. (2011) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0025231 · Cited by 347 · see citing works
Circadian rhythms govern cardiac repolarization and arrhythmogenesis
Jeyaraj, D., Haldar, S. M., Wan, X., McCauley, M. D., Ripperger, J. A., Hu, K., Lu, Y., Eapen, B. L., Sharma, N., Ficker, E., et al. (2012) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature10852 · Cited by 343 · see citing works
ATGL has a key role in lipid droplet/adiposome degradation in mammalian cells
Smirnova, E., Goldberg, E. B., Makarova, K. S., Lin, L., Brown, W. J., & Jackson, C. L. (2005) · EMBO Reports · doi:10.1038/sj.embor.7400559 · Cited by 338 · see citing works
Ando, H., Yanagihara, H., Hayashi, Y., Obi, Y., Tsuruoka, S., Takamura, T., Kaneko, S., & Fujimura, A. (2005) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2005-0771 · Cited by 312 · see citing works
PERIOD1-Associated Proteins Modulate the Negative Limb of the Mammalian Circadian Oscillator
Brown, S. A., Ripperger, J. A., Kadener, S., Fleury-Olela, F., Vilbois, F., Rosbash, M., & Schibler, U. (2005) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1107373 · Cited by 285 · see citing works
Circadian Desynchrony Promotes Metabolic Disruption in a Mouse Model of Shiftwork
Barclay, J. L., Husse, J., Bode, B., Naujokat, N., Meyer-Kovac, J., Schmid, S. M., Lehnert, H., & Oster, H. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0037150 · Cited by 259 · see citing works
Self-citationThe nuclear receptor REV-ERBα is required for the daily balance of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism
Delezie, J., Dumont, S., Dardente, H., Oudart, H., Gréchez‐Cassiau, A., Klosen, P., Teboul, M., Delaunay, F., Pévet, P., & Challet, E. (2012) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.12-208751 · Cited by 252 · see citing works
Oster, H., Damerow, S., Hut, R. A., & Gregor Eichele, C. (2006) · Journal of Biological Rhythms · doi:10.1177/0748730406293053 · Cited by 231 · see citing works
Self-citationBray, M. S., & Young, M. E. (2007) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/j.1467-789x.2006.00277.x · Cited by 213 · see citing works
The clock gene, brain and muscle Arnt‐like 1, regulates adipogenesis via Wnt signaling pathway
Guo, B., Chatterjee, S., Li, L., Kim, J. M., Lee, J., Yechoor, V. K., Minze, L. J., Hsueh, W. A., & Ma, K. (2012) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.12-205781 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
Disrupted fat absorption attenuates obesity induced by a high‐fat diet in <i>Clock</i> mutant mice
Oishi, K., Atsumi, G.-I., Sugiyama, S., Kodomari, I., Kasamatsu, M., Machida, K., & Ishida, N. (2006) · FEBS Letters · doi:10.1016/j.febslet.2005.11.063 · Cited by 166 · see citing works
Huijsman, E., van de Par, C., Economou, C., van der Poel, C., Lynch, G. S., Schoiswohl, G., Haemmerle, G., Zechner, R., & Watt, M. J. (2009) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00190.2009 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Metabolic homeostasis in mice with disruptedClockgene expression in peripheral tissues
Kennaway, D. J., Owens, J. A., Voultsios, A., Boden, M. J., & Varcoe, T. J. (2007) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00018.2007 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Ligand modulation of REV-ERBα function resets the peripheral circadian clock in a phasic manner
Meng, Q., McMaster, A., Beesley, S., Lu, W., Gibbs, J. E., Parks, D. J., Collins, J. L., Farrow, S. N., Donn, R. P., Ray, D. W., et al. (2008) · Journal of Cell Science · doi:10.1242/jcs.035048 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
The skinny on fat: lipolysis and fatty acid utilization in adipocytes
Ahmadian, M., Duncan, R. E., & Sul, H. S. (2009) · Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.tem.2009.06.002 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Hoy, A. J., Bruce, C. R., Turpin-Nolan, S. M., Morris, A. J., Febbraio, M. A., & Watt, M. J. (2010) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2010-0661 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Otway, D. T., Mäntele, S., Bretschneider, S., Wright, J., Trayhurn, P., Skene, D. J., Robertson, M. D., & Johnston, J. D. (2011) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db10-1098 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Time-restricted feeding entrains daily rhythms of energy metabolism in mice
Satoh, Y., Kawai, H. F., Kudo, N., Kawashima, Y., & Mitsumoto, A. (2005) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00775.2005 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Fasting Energy Homeostasis in Mice with Adipose Deficiency of Desnutrin/Adipose Triglyceride Lipase
Wu, J. W., Wang, S. P., Casavant, S., Moreau, A., Yang, G. S., & Mitchell, G. A. (2012) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2011-1518 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Circadian Organization Is Governed by Extra-SCN Pacemakers
Pezük, P., Mohawk, J. A., Yoshikawa, T., Sellix, M. T., & Menaker, M. (2010) · Journal of Biological Rhythms · doi:10.1177/0748730410385204 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Benavides, A., Siches, M., & Llobera, M. (1998) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.1998.275.3.r811 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Antilipolytic actions of insulin on basal and hormone-induced lipolysis in rat adipocytes
Morimoto, C., Tsujita, T., & Okuda, H. (1998) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-2275(20)33862-1 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Impact of Clock Gene Bmal1 Deficiency on Nutritionally Induced Obesity in Mice
Hemmeryckx, B., Himmelreich, U., Hoylaerts, M., & Lijnen, H. R. (2010) · Obesity · doi:10.1038/oby.2010.266 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Oliver, P., Caimari, A., Díaz‐Rúa, R., & Palou, A. (2011) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/ijo.2011.92 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Tsutsumi, K., Inoue, Y., & Kondo, Y. (2002) · Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin · doi:10.1248/bpb.25.1360 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Circadian clocks and insulin resistance
Stenvers, D. J., Scheer, F. A. J. L., Schrauwen, P., la Fleur, S. E., & Kalsbeek, A. (2019) · Nature Reviews Endocrinology · doi:10.1038/s41574-018-0122-1 · Cited by 733 · see citing works
The Impact of Sleep and Circadian Disturbance on Hormones and Metabolism
Kim, T., Jeong, J., & Hong, S. (2015) · International Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1155/2015/591729 · Cited by 378 · see citing works
Daily eating patterns and their impact on health and disease
Zarrinpar, A., Chaix, A., & Panda, S. (2016) · Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.tem.2015.11.007 · Cited by 263 · see citing works
Circadian rhythms, metabolism, and chrononutrition in rodents and humans
Johnston, J. D., Ordovás, J. M., Scheer, F. A., & Turek, F. W. (2016) · Advances in Nutrition · doi:10.3945/an.115.010777 · Cited by 258 · see citing works
Circadian rhythms in glucose and lipid metabolism in nocturnal and diurnal mammals
Kumar Jha, P., Challet, E., & Kalsbeek, A. (2015) · Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.mce.2015.01.024 · Cited by 235 · see citing works
Moon, S., Kang, J., Kim, S. H., Chung, H. S., Kim, Y. J., Yu, J. M., Cho, S. T., Oh, C.-M., & Kim, T. (2020) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu12051267 · Cited by 231 · see citing works
Chua, E. C.-P., Shui, G., Lee, I. T.-G., Lau, P., Tan, L.-C., Yeo, S.-C., Lam, B. D., Bulchand, S., Summers, S. A., Puvanendran, K., et al. (2013) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1222647110 · Cited by 221 · see citing works
Clock Regulation of Metabolites Reveals Coupling between Transcription and Metabolism
Krishnaiah, S., Wu, G., Altman, B. J., Growe, J., Rhoades, S. D., Coldren, F., Venkataraman, A., Olarerin-George, A. O., Francey, L. J., Mukherjee, S., et al. (2017) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2017.03.019 · Cited by 207 · see citing works
Circadian regulation of metabolism
Bailey, S. M., Udoh, U. S., & Young, M. E. (2014) · Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/joe-14-0200 · Cited by 211 · see citing works
Circadian Etiology of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Javeed, N., & Matveyenko, A. V. (2018) · Physiology · doi:10.1152/physiol.00003.2018 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
Wefers, J., van Moorsel, D., Hansen, J., Connell, N. J., Havekes, B., Joris Hoeks, J., Lichtenbelt, W. D. V. M., Duez, H., Esther Phielix, E., Kalsbeek, A., et al. (2018) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1722295115 · Cited by 203 · see citing works
Circadian regulation of lipid metabolism
Gooley, J. (2016) · Proceedings of the Nutrition Society · doi:10.1017/s0029665116000288 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Circadian metabolism in the light of evolution
Gerhart-Hines, Z., & Lazar, M. A. (2015) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.2015-1007 · Cited by 178 · see citing works
Plikus, M. V., Spyk, E. N. V., Pham, K., Geyfman, M., Kumar, V., Takahashi, J. S., & D, B. A. M. (2015) · Journal of Biological Rhythms · doi:10.1177/0748730414563537 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
Lipid metabolism around the body clocks
Petrenko, V., Sinturel, F., Riezman, H., & Dibner, C. (2023) · Progress in Lipid Research · doi:10.1016/j.plipres.2023.101235 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Circadian clocks in the digestive system
Segers, A., & Depoortere, I. (2021) · Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology · doi:10.1038/s41575-020-00401-5 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Sleep restriction increases free fatty acids in healthy men
Broussard, J. L., Chapotot, F., Abraham, V., Day, A., Delebecque, F., Whitmore, H. R., & Tasali, E. (2015) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-015-3500-4 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
“Additionally, recent findings suggest the importance of clock genes in regulating lipolytic activity in adipose tissue [36].”
Circadian Rhythms of the Hypothalamus: From Function to Physiology
Drunen, R. V., & Eckel‐Mahan, K. L. (2021) · Clocks & Sleep · doi:10.3390/clockssleep3010012 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Diurnal Regulation of Lipid Metabolism and Applications of Circadian Lipidomics
Gooley, J. J., & Chua, E. C.-P. (2014) · Journal of genetics and genomics/Journal of Genetics and Genomics · doi:10.1016/j.jgg.2014.04.001 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Circadian Influence on Metabolism and Inflammation in Atherosclerosis
McAlpine, C. S., & Świrski, F. K. (2016) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/circresaha.116.308034 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Circadian disruption in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome
Maury, E., Hong, H. K., & Bass, J. (2014) · Diabetes & Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.diabet.2013.12.005 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Stenvers, D. J., Jongejan, A., Atiqi, S., Vreijling, J. P., Limonard, E. J., Endert, E., Baas, F., Moerland, P. D., Fliers, E., Kalsbeek, A., et al. (2019) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-019-4813-5 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Short-Term Circadian Disruption Impairs Bile Acid and Lipid Homeostasis in Mice
Ferrell, J. M., & Chiang, J. Y. L. (2015) · Cellular and Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jcmgh.2015.08.003 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
EGCG ameliorates diet-induced metabolic syndrome associating with the circadian clock
Mi, Y., Qi, G., Fan, R., Ji, X.-H., Liu, Z., & Liu, X. (2017) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.04.009 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Circadian clock network desynchrony promotes weight gain and alters glucose homeostasis in mice
Kolbe, I., Leinweber, B., Brandenburger, M., & Oster, H. (2019) · Molecular Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.molmet.2019.09.012 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Self-citationThe circadian clock and metabolic homeostasis: entangled networks
de Assis, L. V. M., & Oster, H. (2021) · Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/s00018-021-03800-2 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Self-citationLin, J. B., Tsubota, K., & Apte, R. S. (2016) · npj Aging and Mechanisms of Disease · doi:10.1038/npjamd.2016.3 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Christou, S., Wehrens, S. M. T., Isherwood, C., Möller‐Levet, C. S., Wu, H., Revell, V. L., Bucca, G., Skene, D. J., Laing, E., Archer, S. N., et al. (2019) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-019-39668-3 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Complex Physiology and Clinical Implications of Time-restricted Eating.
Petersen, M. C., Gallop, M. R., Ramos, S. F., Zarrinpar, A., Broussard, J., Chondronikola, M., Chaix, A., & Klein, S. (2022) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00006.2022 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Sleep, circadian rhythms, and type 2 diabetes mellitus
Parameswaran, G., & Ray, D. W. (2022) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1111/cen.14607 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
van den Berg, R., Kooijman, S., Noordam, R., Ramkisoensing, A., Abreu-Vieira, G., Tambyrajah, L. L., Dijk, W., Ruppert, P. M. M., Mol, I. M., Kramar, B., et al. (2018) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2018.03.004 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Dropping in on lipid droplets: insights into cellular stress and cancer
Shyu, P. T., Wong, X. F. A., Crasta, K., & Thibault, G. (2018) · Bioscience Reports · doi:10.1042/bsr20180764 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Circadian regulation of metabolic homeostasis: causes and consequences
Young, M. E., & McGinnis, G. R. (2016) · Nature and Science of Sleep · doi:10.2147/nss.s78946 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Venneri, M. A., Hasenmajer, V., Fiore, D., Sbardella, E., Pofi, R., Graziadio, C., Gianfrilli, D., Pivonello, C., Negri, M., Naro, F., et al. (2018) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2018-00346 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
A role for circadian clock in metabolic disease
Shimizu, I., Yoshida, Y., & Minamino, T. (2016) · Hypertension Research · doi:10.1038/hr.2016.12 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Embryonic development and maternal regulation of murine circadian clock function
Landgraf, D., Achten, C., Dallmann, F., & Oster, H. (2014) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.3109/07420528.2014.986576 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Self-citationCircadian Clocks as Modulators of Metabolic Comorbidity in Psychiatric Disorders
Barandas, R., Landgraf, D., McCarthy, M. J., & Welsh, D. K. (2015) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-015-0637-2 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Immunometabolism around the Clock
Carroll, R. G., Timmons, G. A., Cervantes‐Silva, M. P., Kennedy, O. D., & Curtis, A. M. (2019) · Trends in Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.molmed.2019.04.013 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Altered Clock Gene Expression in Obese Visceral Adipose Tissue Is Associated with Metabolic Syndrome
Vieira, E. C., Ruano, E. G., Figueroa, A. L. C., Aranda, G. B., Momblan, D. N. D. M., Carmona, F., Gomis, R., Vidal, J., & Hanzu, F. A. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0111678 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Zubidat, A. E., & Haim, A. (2017) · Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology · doi:10.1515/jbcpp-2016-0116 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Adipocyte NR1D1 dictates adipose tissue expansion during obesity
Hunter, L., Pelekanou, C. E., Barron, N. J., Northeast, R. C., Grudzien, M., Adamson, A. D., Downton, P. J., Cornfield, T., Cunningham, P. S., Billaud, J.-N., et al. (2021) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.63324 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Lechasseur, A., Jubinville, É., Routhier, J., Bérubé, J., Hamel-Auger, M., Talbot, M., Lamothe, J., Aubin, S., Paré, M., Beaulieu, M., et al. (2017) · Physiological Reports · doi:10.14814/phy2.13440 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Valenzuela, F. J., Vera, J., Venegas, C., Muñoz, S., Oyarce, S., Muñoz, K., & Lagunas, C. (2016) · International Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1155/2016/2746909 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Circadian Rhythms, the Gut Microbiome, and Metabolic Disorders
Zhao, E. H., Tait, C., Minacapelli, C. D., Catalano, C., & Rustgi, V. K. (2022) · Gastro Hep Advances · doi:10.1016/j.gastha.2021.10.008 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Circadian regulation of adipose function
Shostak, A., Husse, J., & Oster, H. (2013) · Adipocyte · doi:10.4161/adip.26007 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Self-citationClock represses preadipocytes adipogenesis via GILZ
Zhu, Z., Xu, L., Cai, T., Yuan, G., Sun, N., Lü, C., & Qian, R. (2017) · Journal of Cellular Physiology · doi:10.1002/jcp.26420 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Emerging Insight Into the Role of Circadian Clock Gene BMAL1 in Cellular Senescence
Zhang, W., Xiong, Y., Tao, R., Panayi, A. C., Mi, B., & Liu, G. (2022) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2022.915139 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Wang, X., Rao, H., Liu, F., Wei, L., Li, H., & Wu, C. (2021) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells10123300 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Lipolysis regulates major transcriptional programs in brown adipocytes
Markussen, L. K., Rondini, E. A., Johansen, O. S., Madsen, J. G. S., Sustarsic, E. G., Marcher, A.-B., Hansen, J. B., Gerhart‐Hines, Z., Granneman, J. G., & Mandrup, S. (2022) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-022-31525-8 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
The Impact of Exercise on Immunity, Metabolism, and Atherosclerosis
Meyer-Lindemann, U., Moggio, A., Dutsch, A., Kessler, T., & Sager, H. B. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms24043394 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Boucher, H., Vanneaux, V., Domet, T., Parouchev, A., & Larghero, J. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0146674 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Dollet, L., & Zierath, J. R. (2019) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jp276488 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Circadian Rhythms in Adipose Tissue Physiology
Kiehn, J., Tsang, A. H. K., Heyde, I., Leinweber, B., Kolbe, I., Leliavski, A., & Oster, H. (2017) · Comprehensive physiology · doi:10.1002/cphy.c160017 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Self-citationHansen, J., Timmers, S., Moonen‐Kornips, E., Duez, H., Staels, B., Hesselink, M. K. C., & Schrauwen, P. (2016) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep35047 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Garaulet, M., Vera, B., Bonnet-Rubio, G., Gómez-Abellán, P., Lee, Y.-C., & Ordovás, J. M. (2016) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.116.134528 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Diet-Induced Obesity Disturbs Microglial Immunometabolism in a Time-of-Day Manner
Milanova, I. V., Kalsbeek, M. J. T., Wang, X.-L., Korpel, N. L., Stenvers, D. J., Wolff, S. E. C., de Goede, P., Heijboer, A. C., Fliers, E., la Fleur, S. E., et al. (2019) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2019.00424 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Skeletal muscle in healthy humans exhibits a day-night rhythm in lipid metabolism
Held, N. M., Wefers, J., van Weeghel, M., Daemen, S., Hansen, J., Vaz, F. M., van Moorsel, D., Hesselink, M. K. C., Houtkooper, R. H., & Schrauwen, P. (2020) · Molecular Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.molmet.2020.100989 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Chronic circadian shift leads to adipose tissue inflammation and fibrosis
Xiong, X., Lin, Y., Lee, J., Paul, A., Yechoor, V. K., Figueiro, M. G., & Ma, K. (2020) · Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.mce.2020.111110 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Contributions of White and Brown Adipose Tissues to the Circadian Regulation of Energy Metabolism
Heyde, I., Begemann, K., & Oster, H. (2021) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endocr/bqab009 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Self-citationEvolutionary Constraint on Visual and Nonvisual Mammalian Opsins
Upton, B. A., Díaz, N. M., Gordon, S. A., Gelder, R. N. V., Buhr, E. D., & Lang, R. A. (2021) · Journal of Biological Rhythms · doi:10.1177/0748730421999870 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Xiao, T., Langston, P. K., Muñoz-Rojas, A. R., Jayewickreme, T., Lazar, M. A., Benoist, C. O., & Mathis, D. J. (2022) · Science Immunology · doi:10.1126/sciimmunol.abl7641 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
The interplay between stress, circadian clocks, and energy metabolism
Oster, H. (2020) · Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/joe-20-0124 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Self-citationAhn, C., Ryan, B. J., Schleh, M. W., Varshney, P., Ludzki, A. C., Gillen, J. B., Pelt, D. W. V., Pitchford, L. M., Howton, S. M., Rode, T., et al. (2022) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jp282371 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Man, A. W. C., Xia, N., & Li, H. (2020) · Antioxidants · doi:10.3390/antiox9100968 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Hu, S., Hu, C., Luo, L., Zhang, H., Zhao, S., Liu, Z., & Zeng, L. (2022) · Food Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133500 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Circadian control of tissue homeostasis and adult stem cells
Janich, P., Meng, Q., & Benitah, S. A. (2014) · Current Opinion in Cell Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ceb.2014.06.010 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Yamamuro, D., Takahashi, M., Nagashima, S., Wakabayashi, T., Yamazaki, H., Takei, A., Takei, S., Sakai, K., Ebihara, K., Iwasaki, Y., et al. (2020) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0234439 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Hasan, N., Nagata, N., Morishige, J., Islam, M. T., Jing, Z., Harada, K., Mieda, M., Ono, M., Fujiwara, H., Daikoku, T., et al. (2021) · Molecular Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101202 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Dankel, S. N., Degerud, E., Borkowski, K., Fjære, E., Midtbø, L. K., Haugen, C., Solsvik, M. H., Lavigne, A. M., Liaset, B., Sagen, J. V., et al. (2013) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00188.2013 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Bonham, M. P., Kaias, E., Zimberg, I. Z., Leung, G. K. W., Davis, R., Sletten, T. L., Windsor-Aubrey, H., & Huggins, C. E. (2019) · Journal of Biological Rhythms · doi:10.1177/0748730418824214 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
The SCN Clock Governs Circadian Transcription Rhythms in Murine Epididymal White Adipose Tissue
Kolbe, I., Husse, J., Salinas, G., Lingner, T., Astiz, M., & Oster, H. (2016) · Journal of Biological Rhythms · doi:10.1177/0748730416666170 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Self-citationDreher, S. I., Irmler, M., Pivovarova‐Ramich, O., Kessler, K., Jürchott, K., Sticht, C., Fritsche, L., Schneeweiß, P., Machann, J., Pfeiffer, A. F. H., et al. (2023) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/s41366-023-01271-y · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Jácome-Sosa, M., Parks, E. J., Bruno, R. S., Tasali, E., Lewis, G. F., Schneeman, B. O., & Rains, T. M. (2016) · Advances in Nutrition · doi:10.3945/an.115.010397 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Circadian rhythm of lipid metabolism
Sinturel, F., Spaleniak, W., & Dibner, C. (2022) · Biochemical Society Transactions · doi:10.1042/bst20210508 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Time of day determines postexercise metabolism in mouse adipose tissue
Pendergrast, L. A., Lundell, L. S., Ehrlich, A. M., Ashcroft, S. P., Schönke, M., Basse, A. L., Krook, A., Treebak, J. T., Dollet, L., & Zierath, J. R. (2023) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2218510120 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Masi, D., Spoltore, M. E., Rossetti, R., Watanabe, M., Tozzi, R., Caputi, A., Risi, R., Balena, A., Gandini, O., Mariani, S., et al. (2022) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu14071410 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Nohara, K., Nemkov, T. G., D’Alessandro, A., Yoo, S. H., & Chen, Z. (2019) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms20174281 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Sabath, E., Báez‐Ruíz, A., & Buijs, R. M. (2015) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/obr.12308 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Adipose Stromal Cell Expansion and Exhaustion: Mechanisms and Consequences
Eckel‐Mahan, K. L., Ribas‐Latre, A., & Kolonin, M. G. (2020) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells9040863 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
The Effect of Sleep Disruption on Cardiometabolic Health
Hong, S., Lee, D.-B., Yoon, D. W., Yoo, S.-L., & Kim, J. (2025) · Life · doi:10.3390/life15010060 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Rahman, A., Hasan, A. U., Nishiyama, A., & Kobori, H. (2018) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms19020400 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Interplay of central and peripheral circadian clocks in energy metabolism regulation
Kolbe, I., Brehm, N., & Oster, H. (2018) · Journal of Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1111/jne.12659 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Self-citationRibas‐Latre, A., Bravo, R., Fekry, B., Tamim, Y. M., Shivshankar, S., Mohamed, A. M. T., Baumgartner, C., Kwok, C., Gebhardt, C., Rivera, A. R., et al. (2021) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-021-23770-0 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
van der Spek, R., Fliers, E., la Fleur, S. E., & Kalsbeek, A. (2018) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2018.00206 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
The role of circadian clock in regulating cell functions: implications for diseases
Lin, Y., He, L., Cai, Y., Wang, X., Wang, S., & Li, F. (2024) · MedComm · doi:10.1002/mco2.504 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Eating Around the Clock: Circadian Rhythms of Eating and Metabolism
McHill, A. W., & Butler, M. P. (2024) · Annual Review of Nutrition · doi:10.1146/annurev-nutr-062122-014528 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Rev‐erbα and the circadian transcriptional regulation of metabolism
Gerhart‐Hines, Z., & Lazar, M. A. (2015) · Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.12510 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
The retinol-binding protein receptor STRA6 regulates diurnal insulin responses
Gliniak, C. M., Brown, J. M., & Noy, N. (2017) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m117.782334 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Kim, S.-M., Neuendorff, N., Chapkin, R. S., & Earnest, D. J. (2016) · EBioMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.03.037 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Working against the biological clock: a review for the Occupational Physician
Copertaro, A., & Bracci, M. (2019) · Industrial Health · doi:10.2486/indhealth.2018-0173 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Csoma, B., & Bikov, A. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms241814145 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Dietary timing enhances exercise by modulating fat-muscle crosstalk via adipocyte AMPKα2 signaling
Chen, J., Xiang, J., Zhou, M., Huang, R., Zhang, J., Cui, Y., Jiang, X., Yang, L., Zhou, R., Xin, H., et al. (2025) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2025.02.007 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
A Novel Link Between Circadian Clocks and Adipose Tissue Energy Metabolism
Yoshino, J., & Klein, S. (2013) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db13-0457 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Circadian mechanisms in adipose tissue bioenergetics and plasticityPreprint
Hepler, C., & Bass, J. T. (2023) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.350759.123 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Salfer, I. J., & Harvatine, K. J. (2020) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114520000057 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Aging selectively dampens oscillation of lipid abundance in white and brown adipose tissue
Held, N. M., Buijink, M. R., Elfrink, H. L., Kooijman, S., Janssens, G. E., Luyf, A. C. M., Pras‐Raves, M. L., Vaz, F. M., Michel, S. H., Houtkooper, R. H., et al. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-85455-4 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Circadian Dysfunction in Adipose Tissue: Chronotherapy in Metabolic Diseases
Civelek, E., Civelek, D. Ö., Akyel, Y. K., Durman, D. K., & Okyar, A. (2023) · Biology · doi:10.3390/biology12081077 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Circadian rhythms and bile acid homeostasis: a comprehensive review
Yu, Z., Yang, J., Xiang, D., Li, G., Liu, D., & Zhang, C. (2020) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.1080/07420528.2020.1733590 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Circadian clock and lipid metabolism disorders: a potential therapeutic strategy for cancer
Liu, M., Zhang, Z., Chen, Y., Feng, T., Zhou, Q., & Tian, X. (2023) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2023.1292011 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Wang, Y., Li, R., Chen, R., Gu, W., Zhang, L., Gu, J., Wang, Z., Liu, Y., Sun, Q., Zhang, K., et al. (2020) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126392 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
- Authors
- Shostak, A., Meyer-Kovac, J., & Oster, H.
- Affiliations
- Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry (DE)
- Circadian Rhythms Group, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
- Corresponding author
- Oster, Henrik
- Venue
- Diabetes
- Publisher
- American Diabetes Association
- Published
- 2013-06-14
- Volume
- 62
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 2195-2203
- ISSN
- 0012-1797 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-327X
- PMC
- PMC3712056
- OpenAlex
- W2098360522
- Cited by
- 243
- References
- 54
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 26 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 5
- FWCI
- 9.90
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Diabetes (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Lipid metabolism and biosynthesis
- Keywords
- circadian clock, white adipose tissue, lipolysis, lipid mobilization, free fatty acids, glycerol, adipose triglyceride lipase, hormone-sensitive lipase, Clock mutant mice, Bmal1, adipocyte hypertrophy, adiposity, energy homeostasis, circadian rhythm disruption
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Sterol Esterase, Circadian Rhythm, Fatty Acids, Nonesterified, Glycerol, Mice, Knockout, Adiposity, Lipid Metabolism, Mice, Adipose Tissue, White, CLOCK Proteins
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
