The conductor model of consciousness, our neuromorphic twins, and the human-AI deal
Open accessAbstract
Critics of Artificial Intelligence posit that artificial agents cannot achieve consciousness even in principle, because they lack certain necessary conditions for consciousness present in biological agents. Here we highlight arguments from a neuroscientific and neuromorphic engineering perspective as to why such a strict denial of consciousness in artificial agents is not compelling. We argue that the differences between biological and artificial brains are not fundamental and are vanishing with progress in neuromorphic architecture designs mimicking the human blueprint. To characterise this blueprint, we propose the conductor model of consciousness (CMoC) that builds on neuronal implementations of an external and internal world model while gating and labelling information flows. An extended Turing test (eTT) lists criteria on how to separate the information flow for learning an internal world model, both for biological and artificial agents. While the classic Turing test only assesses external observables (i.e., behaviour), the eTT also evaluates internal variables of artificial brains and tests for the presence of neuronal circuitries necessary to act on representations of the self, the internal and the external world, and potentially, some neural correlates of consciousness. Finally, we address ethical issues for the design of such artificial agents, formulated as an alignment dilemma: if artificial agents share aspects of consciousness, while they (partially) overtake human intelligence, how can humans justify their own rights against growing claims of their artificial counterpart? We suggest a tentative human-AI deal according to which artificial agents are designed not to suffer negative affective states but in exchange are not granted equal rights to humans.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The same conductor was suggested to be also involved in forming consciousness.
“The same conductor was suggested to be also involved in forming consciousness by [60].”
From How Adversarial REM Dreams May Facilitate Creativity, and Why We Become Aware of Them (2024) · cites this paper as [60]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Generative adversarial networks
Goodfellow, I., Pouget-Abadie, J., Mirza, M., Xu, B., Warde-Farley, D., Ozair, S., Courville, A., & Bengio, Y. (2020) · Communications of the ACM · doi:10.1145/3422622 · Cited by 18,384 · see citing works
Searle, J. R. (1980) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x00005756 · Cited by 6,954 · see citing works
Whatever next? Predictive brains, situated agents, and the future of cognitive science
Clark, A. (2013) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x12000477 · Cited by 5,924 · see citing works
Generative Adversarial Networks
Goodfellow, I. J., Pouget-Abadie, J., Mirza, M., Xu, B., Warde-Farley, D., Ozair, S., Courville, A., & Bengio, Y. (2014) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1406.2661 · Cited by 4,477 · see citing works
(1988) · Cited by 3,656 · see citing works
On a confusion about a function of consciousness
Block, N. (1995) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x00038188 · Cited by 3,364 · see citing works
Highly accurate protein structure prediction for the human proteome
Tunyasuvunakool, K., Adler, J., Wu, Z., Green, T., Zielinski, M., Žídek, A., Bridgland, A., Cowie, A., Meyer, C., Laydon, A., et al. (2021) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-021-03828-1 · Cited by 3,025 · see citing works
Pain Affect Encoded in Human Anterior Cingulate But Not Somatosensory Cortex
Rainville, P., Duncan, G. H., Price, D. D., Carrier, B., & Bushnell, M. C. (1997) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.277.5328.968 · Cited by 2,629 · see citing works
Experimental and theoretical approaches to conscious processing
Dehaene, S., & Changeux, J.-P. (2011) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2011.03.018 · Cited by 2,573 · see citing works
Jackson, F. (1982) · The Philosophical Quarterly · doi:10.2307/2960077 · Cited by 2,477 · see citing works
Neuromorphic electronic systems
Mead, C. (1990) · Proceedings of the IEEE · doi:10.1109/5.58356 · Cited by 2,368 · see citing works
Towards spike-based machine intelligence with neuromorphic computing
Roy, K., Jaiswal, A., & Panda, P. (2019) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1677-2 · Cited by 2,267 · see citing works
Psychological and neural mechanisms of the affective dimension of pain
Price, D. D. (2000) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.288.5472.1769 · Cited by 2,092 · see citing works
Cognitive and emotional control of pain and its disruption in chronic pain
Bushnell, M. C., Čeko, M., & Low, L. A. (2013) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn3516 · Cited by 2,076 · see citing works
Conscious, preconscious, and subliminal processing: a testable taxonomy
Dehaene, S., Changeux, J.-P., Naccache, L., Sackur, J., & Sergent, C. (2006) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2006.03.007 · Cited by 2,067 · see citing works
Neuromorphic Silicon Neuron Circuits
Indiveri, G., Linares-Barranco, B., Hamilton, T. J., André, V. S., Etienne‐Cummings, R., Delbrück, T., Liu, S., Dudek, P., Hafliger, P. D., Renaud, S., et al. (2011) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2011.00073 · Cited by 1,836 · see citing works
Tononi, G. (1998) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.282.5395.1846 · Cited by 1,561 · see citing works
Goal-directed instrumental action: contingency and incentive learning and their cortical substrates
Balleine, B. W., & Dickinson, A. (1998) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0028-3908(98)00033-1 · Cited by 1,541 · see citing works
Sparks of Artificial General Intelligence: Early experiments with GPT-4
Bubeck, S., Chandrasekaran, V., Eldan, R., Gehrke, J., Horvitz, E., Kamar, E., Lee, P., Lee, Y. T., Li, Y., Lundberg, S., et al. (2023) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2303.12712 · Cited by 1,526 · see citing works
The nature of feelings: evolutionary and neurobiological origins
Damasio, A., & Carvalho, G. B. (2013) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn3403 · Cited by 1,280 · see citing works
A theoretically based index of consciousness independent of sensory processing and behavior
Casali, A. G., Gosseries, O., Rosanova, M., Boly, M., Sarasso, S., Casali, K. R., Casarotto, S., Bruno, M.-A., Laureys, S., Tononi, G., et al. (2013) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.3006294 · Cited by 1,246 · see citing works
Conscious Processing and the Global Neuronal Workspace Hypothesis
Mashour, G. A., Roelfsema, P., Changeux, J.-P., & Dehaene, S. (2020) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2020.01.026 · Cited by 1,164 · see citing works
Encoding in Style: a StyleGAN Encoder for Image-to-Image Translation
Richardson, E., Alaluf, Y., Patashnik, O., Nitzan, Y., Azar, Y., Shapiro, S., & Cohen‐Or, D. (2021) · IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition/Proceedings - IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition/Proceedings · doi:10.1109/cvpr46437.2021.00232 · Cited by 1,120 · see citing works
LeDoux, J. E. (1994) · Scientific American · doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0694-50 · Cited by 892 · see citing works
(2003) · Cited by 885 · see citing works
Seth, A. K., & Bayne, T. (2022) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41583-022-00587-4 · Cited by 880 · see citing works
Empirical support for higher-order theories of conscious awareness
Lau, H., & Rosenthal, D. (2011) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2011.05.009 · Cited by 869 · see citing works
A Survey of Neuromorphic Computing and Neural Networks in HardwarePreprint
Schuman, C. D., Potok, T. E., Patton, R. M., Birdwell, J. D., Dean, M. E., Rose, G. S., & Plank, J. S. (2017) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1705.06963 · Cited by 861 · see citing works
Predictive Processing: A Canonical Cortical Computation
Keller, G. B., & Mrsic-Flogel, T. D. (2018) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2018.10.003 · Cited by 836 · see citing works
Generative adversarial network: An overview of theory and applications
Aggarwal, A., Mittal, M., & Battineni, G. (2021) · International Journal of Information Management Data Insights · doi:10.1016/j.jjimei.2020.100004 · Cited by 783 · see citing works
(2000) · Cited by 778 · see citing works
A higher-order theory of emotional consciousness
LeDoux, J. E., & Brown, R. (2017) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1619316114 · Cited by 690 · see citing works
A Universe of Consciousness: How Matter Becomes Imagination
Brakel, L. (2001) · Neuropsychoanalysis · doi:10.1080/15294145.2001.10773360 · Cited by 617 · see citing works
Cowls, J., Tsamados, A., Taddeo, M., & Floridi, L. (2021) · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3804983 · Cited by 552 · see citing works
Cowls, J., Tsamados, A., Taddeo, M., & Floridi, L. (2023) · AI & SOCIETY · doi:10.1007/s00146-021-01294-x · Cited by 552 · see citing works
(1999) · Project Muse (Johns Hopkins University) · Cited by 476 · see citing works
Animal RightsCurrent Debates and New Directions
Sunstein, C. R., & Nussbaum, M. C. (2005) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195305104.001.0001 · Cited by 409 · see citing works
Top-down Dendritic Input Increases the Gain of Layer 5 Pyramidal Neurons
Larkum, M. E. (2004) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhh065 · Cited by 366 · see citing works
Congenital insensitivity to pain: an update
Nagasako, E. M., Oaklander, A. L., & Dworkin, R. H. (2003) · Pain · doi:10.1016/s0304-3959(02)00482-7 · Cited by 358 · see citing works
Kulkarni, B., Bentley, D. E., Elliott, R., Youell, P., Watson, A., Derbyshire, S. W. G., Frackowiak, R. S. J., Friston, K. J., & Jones, A. K. P. (2005) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2005.04098.x · Cited by 337 · see citing works
Searle, J. R. (1997) · The MIT Press eBooks · doi:10.7551/mitpress/4626.003.0007 · Cited by 329 · see citing works
Cellular Mechanisms of Conscious Processing
Aru, J., Suzuki, M., & Larkum, M. E. (2020) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2020.07.006 · Cited by 321 · see citing works
Large pre-trained language models contain human-like biases of what is right and wrong to do
Schramowski, P., Turan, C., Andersen, N., Rothkopf, C. A., & Kersting, K. (2022) · Nature Machine Intelligence · doi:10.1038/s42256-022-00458-8 · Cited by 291 · see citing works
Animal rights: current debates and new directions
(2005) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.42-2873 · Cited by 258 · see citing works
The role of shared neural activations, mirror neurons, and morality in empathy – A critical comment
Lamm, C., & Majdandžić, J. (2015) · Neuroscience Research · doi:10.1016/j.neures.2014.10.008 · Cited by 252 · see citing works
The Turing Test: the first 50 years
French, R. M. (2000) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/s1364-6613(00)01453-4 · Cited by 250 · see citing works
The Hard Problem of Consciousness and the Free Energy Principle
Solms, M. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02714 · Cited by 239 · see citing works
The sensory-discriminative and affective-motivational aspects of pain
Auvray, M., Myin, E., & Spence, C. J. (2008) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2008.07.008 · Cited by 237 · see citing works
The other question: can and should robots have rights?
Gunkel, D. J. (2017) · Ethics and Information Technology · doi:10.1007/s10676-017-9442-4 · Cited by 234 · see citing works
The BrainScaleS-2 Accelerated Neuromorphic System With Hybrid Plasticity
Pehle, C., Billaudelle, S., Cramer, B., Kaiser, J., Schreiber, K., Stradmann, Y., Weis, J., Leibfried, A., Müller, E., & Schemmel, J. (2022) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2022.795876 · Cited by 233 · see citing works
Active dendritic currents gate descending cortical outputs in perception
Takahashi, N., Ebner, C., Sigl-Glöckner, J., Moberg, S., Nierwetberg, S., & Larkum, M. E. (2020) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41593-020-0677-8 · Cited by 231 · see citing works
Embodied neuromorphic intelligence
Bartolozzi, C., Indiveri, G., & Donati, E. (2022) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-022-28487-2 · Cited by 231 · see citing works
Learning by the Dendritic Prediction of Somatic Spiking
Urbanczik, R., & Senn, W. (2014) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2013.11.030 · Cited by 230 · see citing works
Self-citationEcology of the Brain. The Phenomenology and Biology of the Embodied Mind
Scarinzi, A. (2019) · Journal of the British Society for Phenomenology · doi:10.1080/00071773.2019.1622492 · Cited by 230 · see citing works
Mariello, M., Kim, K., Wu, K., Lacour, S. P., & Leterrier, Y. (2022) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.202201129 · Cited by 207 · see citing works
Brain mechanisms of reality monitoring
Simons, J. S., Garrison, J. R., & Johnson, M. K. (2017) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2017.03.012 · Cited by 202 · see citing works
Artificial suffering: an argument for a global moratorium on synthetic phenomenology
Metzinger, T. (2021) · Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Consciousness · doi:10.1142/s270507852150003x · Cited by 182 · see citing works
Predictive processing as a systematic basis for identifying the neural correlates of consciousness
Hohwy, J., & Seth, A. (2020) · Philosophy and the Mind Sciences · doi:10.33735/phimisci.2020.ii.64 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Sleep-wake control and the thalamus
Gent, T. C., Bassetti, C. L., & Adamantidis, A. (2018) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.conb.2018.08.002 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Ecology of the Brain: The phenomenology and biology of the embodied mind
Fuchs, T. A. E. (2017) · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Facing up to the hard question of consciousness
Dennett, D. C. (2018) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2017.0342 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Talbot, K., Madden, V. J., Jones, S., & Moseley, G. L. (2019) · British Journal of Anaesthesia · doi:10.1016/j.bja.2019.03.033 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
How can we construct a science of consciousness?
Chalmers, D. J. (2013) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/nyas.12166 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
(2018) · UCL Discovery (University College London) · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Targeting the Affective Component of Chronic Pain
Boccard, S., FitzGerald, J. J., Pereira, E. A. C., Moir, L., van Hartevelt, T. J., Kringelbach, M. L., Green, A. L., & Aziz, T. Z. (2014) · Neurosurgery · doi:10.1227/neu.0000000000000321 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
What pain asymbolia really shows.
Klein, C. (2015) · Mind · doi:10.1093/mind/fzu185 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Smart, R. N. (1958) · Mind · doi:10.1093/mind/lxvii.268.542 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
A Dendritic Substrate for the Cholinergic Control of Neocortical Output Neurons
Williams, S. R., & Fletcher, L. N. (2018) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2018.11.035 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Indicators and criteria of consciousness in animals and intelligent machines: an inside-out approach
Pennartz, C. M. A., Farisco, M., & Evers, K. (2019) · Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnsys.2019.00025 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Self-citationThe strength of weak integrated information theory
Mediano, P. A. M., Rosas, F. E., Bor, D., Seth, A. K., & Barrett, A. B. (2022) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2022.04.008 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Intercalated amygdala clusters orchestrate a switch in fear state
Hagihara, K. M., Bukalo, O., Zeller, M., Aksoy‐Aksel, A., Karalis, N., Limoges, A., Rigg, T., Campbell, T. L., Mendez, A., Weinholtz, C. A., et al. (2021) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-021-03593-1 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
A history of the mind : evolution and the birth of consciousness
Humphrey, N. K. (1999) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Behavioral neuroscience of psychological pain
Papini, M. R., Fuchs, P. N., & Torres, C. (2014) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.11.012 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
The Generative Adversarial Brain
Gershman, S. J. (2019) · Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.3389/frai.2019.00018 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Neural Correlates of Wakefulness, Sleep, and General Anesthesia
Pal, D., Silverstein, B. H., Lee, H., & Mashour, G. A. (2016) · Anesthesiology · doi:10.1097/aln.0000000000001342 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Morality's Progress: Essays on Humans, Other Animals, and the Rest of Nature
Jamieson, D. W. (2002) · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Is it time for robot rights? Moral status in artificial entities
Müller, V. C. (2021) · Ethics and Information Technology · doi:10.1007/s10676-021-09596-w · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Scalable batch fabrication of ultrathin flexible neural probes using a bioresorbable silk layer
Cointe, C., Laborde, A., Nowak, L. G., Arvanitis, D. N., Bourrier, D., Bergaud, C., & Maziz, A. (2022) · Microsystems & Nanoengineering · doi:10.1038/s41378-022-00353-7 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Boosting visual cortex function and plasticity with acetylcholine to enhance visual perception
Kang, J. I., Huppé‐Gourgues, F., & Vaucher, E. (2014) · Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnsys.2014.00172 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Brown, J. R. (2015) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203744857.ch30 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Consciousness, Metacognition, & Perceptual Reality MonitoringPreprint
Lau, H. C. (2019) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/ckbyf · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Development of Computational Models of Emotions for Autonomous Agents: A Review
Rodríguez, L.-F., & Ramos, F. (2014) · Cognitive Computation · doi:10.1007/s12559-013-9244-x · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Absent Qualia, Fading Qualia, Dancing Qualia
Chalmers, D. J. (1995) · CogPrints (University of Southampton) · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Understanding Sophia? On human interaction with artificial agents
Fuchs, T. A. E. (2022) · Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1007/s11097-022-09848-0 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Consciousness, Representation, Action: The Importance of Being Goal-Directed
Pennartz, C. M. A. (2018) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2017.10.006 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Self-citationVersatile Emulation of Spiking Neural Networks on an Accelerated Neuromorphic Substrate
Billaudelle, S., Stradmann, Y., Schreiber, K., Cramer, B., Baumbach, A., Dold, D., Göltz, J., Kungl, Á. F., Wunderlich, T. C., Hartel, A., et al. (2020) · IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems proceedings · doi:10.1109/iscas45731.2020.9180741 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Self-citationSynaptic transistors and neuromorphic systems based on carbon nano-materials
Du, C., Ren, Y., Qu, Z., Gao, L., Zhai, Y., Han, S., & Zhou, Y. (2021) · Nanoscale · doi:10.1039/d1nr00148e · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Granting Automata Human Rights: Challenge to a Basis of Full-Rights Privilege
Miller, L. F. (2015) · Human Rights Review · doi:10.1007/s12142-015-0387-x · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Pennartz, C. M. A. (2022) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2022.113969 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Self-citationKang, Y. N., Chou, N., Jang, J., Choe, H. K., & Kim, S. (2021) · Microsystems & Nanoengineering · doi:10.1038/s41378-021-00295-6 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Can a Robot Lie? Exploring the Folk Concept of Lying as Applied to Artificial Agents
Kneer, M. (2021) · Cognitive Science · doi:10.1111/cogs.13032 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Awareness as inference in a higher-order state space
Fleming, S. M. (2020) · Neuroscience of Consciousness · doi:10.1093/nc/niaa011 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Zeng, T., Yang, Z. C., Liang, J., Lin, Y., Cheng, Y., Hu, X., Zhao, X., Wang, Z., Xu, H., & Liu, Y. (2021) · Nanoscale Advances · doi:10.1039/d1na00152c · Cited by 31 · see citing works
A possible evolutionary function of phenomenal conscious experience of pain
Kolodny, O., Moyal, R., & Edelman, S. (2021) · Neuroscience of Consciousness · doi:10.1093/nc/niab012 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Predictive processing as a systematic basis for identifying the neural correlates of consciousnessPreprint
Hohwy, J., & Seth, A. K. (2020) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/nd82g · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Learning cortical representations through perturbed and adversarial dreaming
Deperrois, N., Petrovici, M. A., Senn, W., & Jordan, J. (2022) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.76384 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Self-citation(2015) · UvA-DARE (University of Amsterdam) · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Self-citationLearning cortical representations through perturbed and adversarial dreaming.
Deperrois, N., Petrovici, M. A., Senn, W., & Jordan, J. (2022) · doi:10.48350/169088 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Self-citationConsciousness: Explaining the Phenomena
Carruthers, P. (2001) · Royal Institute of Philosophy Supplement · doi:10.1017/s1358246100007116 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Provably Beneficial Artificial Intelligence
Russell, S. (2022) · ACM International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces (IUI) · doi:10.1145/3490099.3519388 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Who Wants to Grant Robots Rights?
de Graaf, M. M. A., Hindriks, F., & Hindriks, K. V. (2022) · Frontiers in Robotics and AI · doi:10.3389/frobt.2021.781985 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
A neuronal least-action principle for real-time learning in cortical circuits
Senn, W., Dold, D., Kungl, Á. F., Ellenberger, B., Jordan, J., Bengio, Y., Sacramento, J., & Petrovici, M. A. (2024) · eLife · doi:10.1101/2023.03.25.534198 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Self-citationEmpathy, Intersubjectivity, and Animal Philosophy
Aaltola, E. (2013) · Environmental Philosophy · doi:10.5840/envirophil201310215 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Does brain activity cause consciousness? A thought experiment
Gidon, A., Aru, J., & Larkum, M. E. (2022) · PLoS Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.3001651 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Functionally Effective Conscious AI Without Suffering
Agarwal, A., & Edelman, S. (2020) · Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Consciousness · doi:10.1142/s2705078520300030 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Amunts, K., Axer, M., Banerjee, S., Bitsch, L., Bjaalie, J. G., Philipp, B., Brovelli, A., Navona, C., Carrère, M., Caspers, S., et al. (2022) · Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) · doi:10.5281/zenodo.10035197 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Self-citationFast and energy-efficient neuromorphic deep learning with first-spike times
Göltz, J., Kriener, L., Baumbach, A., Billaudelle, S., Breitwieser, O., Cramer, B., Dold, D., Kungl, Á. F., Senn, W., Schemmel, J., et al. (2021) · Nature Machine Intelligence · doi:10.1038/s42256-021-00388-x · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Self-citationCan Robots Get Some Human Rights? A Cross-Disciplinary Discussion
Persaud, P., Varde, A. S., & Wang, W. (2021) · Journal of Robotics · doi:10.1155/2021/5461703 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
3-D printing with conducting polymers
JACOBY, M. (2020) · C&EN Global Enterprise · doi:10.1021/cen-09813-scicon8 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Human and Artificial Intelligence: A Clarification
Fuchs, T. A. E. (2021) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780192898197.003.0002 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Disability in cerebellar ataxia syndromes is linked to cortical degeneration
Conrad, J., Huppert, A., Ruehl, R. M., Wuehr, M., Schniepp, R., & zu Eulenburg, P. (2023) · Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1007/s00415-023-11859-z · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Chalmers D. Facing up to the problem of consciousness
Leonov, A. (2017) · Actual Problems of Mind · doi:10.31812/apd.v0i14.1838 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
A neuronal least-action principle for real-time learning in cortical circuitsPreprint
Senn, W., Dold, D., Kungl, Á. F., Ellenberger, B., Jordan, J., Bengio, Y., Sacramento, J., & Petrovici, M. A. (2023) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.89674.1 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-citationA possible evolutionary function of phenomenal conscious experience of painPreprint
Kolodny, O., Moyal, R., & Edelman, S. (2021) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/hyu5s · Cited by 2 · see citing works
(2016) · Journal of Experimental Psychology General · doi:10.1037/xge0000209.supp · Cited by 2 · see citing works
The curious case of the AI and the lawyer
Newitz, A. (2022) · The New Scientist · doi:10.1016/s0262-4079(22)01305-7 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 9
- Angell, J.R. (1906). The Affective Elements of Consciousness. Chapter 13 in Psychology: An Introductory Study of the Structure and Function of Human Conscious, third edition, revised. New York: Henry Holt and Company, (1906): 256-269 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2020.07.006 · DOI · Paper page
- Asilomar Conference on Beneficial AI (2017), https://ai-ethics.com/2017/08/11/future-of-life-institute-2017-asilomar-conference/, https://ai-ethics.com/2017/08/15/research-principles/
- Berg, P. (1975). Summary statement of the Asilomar Conference on recombinant DNA molecules. https://collections.nlm.nih.gov/ext/document/101584930X515/PDF/101584930X515.pdf https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2020.07.006 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asilomar_Conference_on_Recombinant_DNA · DOI · Paper page
- Kirk, Robert, "Zombies", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Spring 2021 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.)
- Nagel, T. (1974). What is it like to be a bat? The philosophical review, 83(4), 435-450.
- Storm, JF, Klink, PC, Aru, J., Senn, W., Goebel, R, Pigorini, A, Avanzini, P., Vanduffel, W., Roelfsema, PR, Massimini, M, Larkum, M, Pennartz, CMA (2023). An integrative, multiscale view on consciousness theories, in review (2023)
- Van Gulick, Robert, "Consciousness", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Winter 2022 Edition), Edward N. Zalta & Uri Nodelman (eds.)
- Whyte, C. J., Munn, B. R., Aru, J., Larkum, M., John, Y., Müller, E. J., & Shine, J. M. (2023). A Biophysical Model of Visual Rivalry Links Cellular Mechanisms to Signatures of Conscious Perception. BioRxiv.
- Yuk, H., Lu, B., Lin, S., Qu, K., Xu, J., Luo, J., & Zhao, X. (2020). 3D printing of conducting polymers. Nature communications, 11(1), 1604.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
A burst-dependent thalamocortical substrate for perceptual awareness
Whyte, C. J., Müller, E. J., Aru, J., Larkum, M. E., John, Y. J., Munn, B., & Shine, J. M. (2025) · PLoS Computational Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1012951 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
How Adversarial REM Dreams May Facilitate Creativity, and Why We Become Aware of Them
Deperrois, N., Petrovici, M., Jordan, J., Huber, L., & Senn, W. (2024) · Clinical and Translational Neuroscience · doi:10.3390/ctn8020021 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-citationHow Adversarial Rem-Dreams May Facilitate Creativity, and Why We Become Aware of ThemPreprint
Deperrois, N., Petrovici, M. A., Jordan, J., Huber, L. S., & Senn, W. (2024) · Preprints.org · doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0684.v2 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citation
- Authors
- Benitez, F., Pennartz, C., & Senn, W.
- Affiliations
- University of Bern (CH)
- University of Amsterdam (NL)
- Publisher
- Center for Open Science
- Published
- 2023-12-12
- OpenAlex
- W4389683501
- Cited by
- 3
- References
- 114
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 2
- Type
- posted content
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- dx.doi.org
- Locations
- PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Horizon 2020 Framework Programme (#945539, 785907)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Philosophy and Theoretical Science
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Psychiatry, Mental Health, Neuroscience
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Embodied and Extended Cognition
- Keywords
- artificial consciousness, neuromorphic engineering, neural correlates of consciousness, AI ethics, AI alignment, self-representation
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
