The DOI matches its Crossref record; 20 of the 23 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
SARS Control and Psychological Effects of Quarantine, Toronto, Canada
Open accessAbstract
As a transmissible infectious disease, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) was successfully contained globally by instituting widespread quarantine measures. Although these measures were successful in terminating the outbreak in all areas of the world, the adverse effects of quarantine have not previously been determined in a systematic manner. In this hypothesis-generating study supported by a convenience sample drawn in close temporal proximity to the period of quarantine, we examined the psychological effects of quarantine on persons in Toronto, Canada. The 129 quarantined persons who responded to a Web-based survey exhibited a high prevalence of psychological distress. Symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression were observed in 28.9% and 31.2% of respondents, respectively. Longer durations of quarantine were associated with an increased prevalence of PTSD symptoms. Acquaintance with or direct exposure to someone with a diagnosis of SARS was also associated with PTSD and depressive symptoms.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Moreover, social distancing was previously proven to trigger negative mental health consequences, including intensified anxiety and depression38,39.”
From Mindfulness-based online intervention increases well-being and decreases stress after Covid-19 lockdown (2022) · cites this paper as [38]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“social distancing has been proven to trigger negative mental health consequences, including intensified anxiety and depression [9,10] and/or apathy and hypersensitivity; it is especially worrisome that it can also exacerbate mental illness [11,12].”
From Examining the associations between psychological flexibility, mindfulness, psychosomatic functioning, and anxiety during the covid-19 pandemic: A path analysis (2020) · cites this paper as [9]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“During the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) epidemic in early 2000, to Ebola and the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), in which quarantine was one of the essential public health measures to break the transmission, higher levels of psychopathology were also reported, especially in anxiety and stress-related disorders [65,66,67].”
From Relationships between psychopathology, psychological process variables, and sociodemographic variables and comparison of quarantined and non-quarantined groups of malaysian university students in the covid-19 pandemic (2021) · cites this paper as [65]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“This is in agreement with previous reports which have also documented high levels of anxiety, depression amongst survivors of SARS (35%) [35], quarantined individuals (31%) [36], and nurses (38.5%) [34].”
From Psychosocial and coping responses within the community health care setting towards a national outbreak of an infectious disease (2010) · cites this paper as [36]
In the citing paper
“These findings echo those from studies of previous epidemics such as the epidemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), during which individuals who had to quarantine experienced increases in symptoms of depression and post-traumatic stress disorder.6, 7, 8, 9”
From Trajectories of anxiety and depressive symptoms during enforced isolation due to COVID-19 in England: a longitudinal observational study (2021) · cites this paper as [6]
In the citing paper
“similar mental health effects were seen in past containment efforts during infectious disease outbreaks, such as the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 2003 [2, 3], the 2009 swine flu pandemic [4, 5], and the 2014–2016 Ebola epidemic [6].”
From Mental Health Impact of COVID-19 among Children and College Students: A Systematic Review (2023) · cites this paper as [3]
In the citing paper
“Eleven articles from various geographical and disease contexts highlighted the psychological implications of mass quarantine as emotional distress and symptoms of mental illness.22–25,27–32,35”
From Social consequences of mass quarantine during epidemics: a systematic review with implications for the COVID-19 response (2020) · cites this paper as [27]
In the citing paper
“Nevertheless, this result was prone to reporting bias as the survey response rate was <1%27; confirmation of psychiatric disorders required further clinical diagnosis, on which data were not available.”
From Social consequences of mass quarantine during epidemics: a systematic review with implications for the COVID-19 response (2020) · cites this paper as [27]
In the citing paper
“Hawryluck et al.27 reported that around one-third of respondents suffered from symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder and depression (28.9% and 31.2%, respectively).”
From Social consequences of mass quarantine during epidemics: a systematic review with implications for the COVID-19 response (2020) · cites this paper as [27]
In the citing paper
“Mass quarantine-induced mobility restrictions impacted every step of the food supply chain, including production,29 transportation,24,29,30 access22–24,27,29,31,34 and storage.23,29”
From Social consequences of mass quarantine during epidemics: a systematic review with implications for the COVID-19 response (2020) · cites this paper as [27]
In the citing paper
“Participants from three studies of the SARS outbreak in Toronto stressed that authorities did not provide clear and consistent messages on why, how and, how long to enact quarantine, and that they were unable to contact designated public health staff.23,25,27”
From Social consequences of mass quarantine during epidemics: a systematic review with implications for the COVID-19 response (2020) · cites this paper as [27]
In the citing paper
“In addition, identifying trustworthy information became challenging for the public due to diverse and unverified sources as well as heightened uncertainty during disease outbreaks.23,25,27”
From Social consequences of mass quarantine during epidemics: a systematic review with implications for the COVID-19 response (2020) · cites this paper as [27]
In the citing paper
“Often, communication inequalities are compounded by poor information governance across authorities during outbreaks, such as non-justified decision-making, inconsistent instructions and non-synchronized implementation of mass quarantine.23,25,27,51”
From Social consequences of mass quarantine during epidemics: a systematic review with implications for the COVID-19 response (2020) · cites this paper as [27]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
Williams, J. B. W., & First, M. B. (2013) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199975839.013.104 · Cited by 109,845
The CES-D Scale: A Self-Report Depression Scale for Research in the General Population
Radloff, L. S. (1977) · Applied Psychological Measurement · doi:10.1177/014662167700100306 · Cited by 53,267
Basics of Qualitative Research
Ozanne, J. L., Strauss, A., & Corbin, J. M. (1992) · Journal of Marketing Research · doi:10.2307/3172751 · Cited by 17,852
(1990) · Cited by 11,110
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in the National Comorbidity Survey
Kessler, R. C. (1995) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1995.03950240066012 · Cited by 10,379
The Impact of Event Scale: Revised
Weiss, D. S. (2007) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-70990-1_10 · Cited by 3,074
Trauma and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in the Community: The 1996 Detroit Area Survey of Trauma
Breslau, N., Kessler, R. C., Chilcoat, H. D., Schultz, L. R., Davis, G. C., & Andreski, P. (1998) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.55.7.626 · Cited by 2,407
Assessing psychological trauma and PTSD
Wilson, J.-P., & Keane, T. (1997) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.34-5966 · Cited by 1,274
Impact of Event Scale--Revised
Weiss, D. S., & Marmar, C. R. (1997) · PsycTESTS Dataset · doi:10.1037/t12199-000 · Cited by 790
Screening for Depression in a Community Sample
Boyd, J. H. (1982) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1982.04290100059010 · Cited by 521
Flagged first, then by citations
3 of the 23 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The Psychological Impact of Quarantine and How to Reduce It: Rapid Review of the Evidence
Brooks, S. K., Webster, R. K., Smith, L. E., Woodland, L., Wessely, S., Greenberg, N., & Rubin, G. J. (2020) · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3532534 · Cited by 16,394
The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: Rapid review of the evidence
Brooks, S. K., Webster, R. K., Smith, L. E., Woodland, L., Wessely, S., Greenberg, N., & Rubin, G. J. (2020) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30460-8 · Cited by 16,378
Wang, C., Pan, R., Wan, X., Tan, Y., Xu, L., Ho, C. S., & Ho, R. C. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17051729 · Cited by 9,923
COVID-19 pandemic and mental health consequences: Systematic review of the current evidence
Vindegaard, N., & Benros, M. E. (2020) · Brain, Behavior, and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2020.05.048 · Cited by 3,221
Prevalence of depression symptoms in US adults before and during the COVID-19 pandemic
Ettman, C. K., Abdalla, S. M., Cohen, G. H., Sampson, L., Vivier, P. M., & Galea, S. (2020) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.19686 · Cited by 2,138
Self-citationPsychosocial impact of COVID-19
Dubey, S., Biswas, P., Ghosh, R., Chatterjee, S., Dubey, M. J., Chatterjee, S., Lahiri, D., & Lavie, C. J. (2020) · Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.dsx.2020.05.035 · Cited by 1,958
Mazza, C., Ricci, E., Biondi, S., Colasanti, M., Ferracuti, S., Napoli, C., & Roma, P. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17093165 · Cited by 1,899
Ho, C. S., Chee, C. Y., & Ho, R. C. (2020) · Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore · doi:10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.202043 · Cited by 1,699
Wu, P., Fang, Y., Guan, Z., Fan, B., Kong, J., Yao, Z., Liu, X., Fuller, C. J., Susser, E., Lü, J., et al. (2009) · The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/070674370905400504 · Cited by 1,651
Kang, L., Ma, S., Chen, M., Yang, J., Wang, Y., Li, R., Yao, L., Bai, H., Cai, Z., Xiang Yang, B., et al. (2020) · Brain, Behavior, and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2020.03.028 · Cited by 1,516
Rossi, R., Socci, V., Talevi, D., Mensi, S., Niolu, C., Pacitti, F., Di Marco, A., Rossi, A., Siracusano, A., & Di Lorenzo, G. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00790 · Cited by 1,448
Xiao, H., Zhang, Y., Kong, D., Li, S., & Yang, N. (2020) · Medical Science Monitor · doi:10.12659/msm.923549 · Cited by 1,404
Odriozola-González, P., Planchuelo-Gómez, Á., Irurtia, M. J., & de Luis-García, R. (2020) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113108 · Cited by 1,181
The psychological impact of COVID-19 on the mental health in the general population
Serafini, G., Parmigiani, B., Amerio, A., Aguglia, A., Sher, L., & Amore, M. (2020) · QJM: An International Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1093/qjmed/hcaa201 · Cited by 1,187
Development and initial validation of the COVID Stress Scales
Taylor, S., Landry, C. A., Paluszek, M. M., Fergus, T. A., McKay, D., & Asmundson, G. J. G. (2020) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2020.102232 · Cited by 1,169
Fancourt, D., Steptoe, A., & Bu, F. (2021) · The Lancet Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(20)30482-x · Cited by 1,161
Posttraumatic stress disorder in parents and youth after health-related disasters
Sprang, G., & Silman, M. (2013) · Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness · doi:10.1017/dmp.2013.22 · Cited by 1,114
Wu, T., Jia, X., Shi, H., Niu, J., Yin, X., Xie, J., & Wang, X. (2021) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2020.11.117 · Cited by 1,138
Dietary Choices and Habits during COVID-19 Lockdown: Experience from Poland
Sidor, A., & Rzymski, P. (2020) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu12061657 · Cited by 1,178
Elevated depression and anxiety symptoms among pregnant individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic
Lebel, C., MacKinnon, A., Bagshawe, M., Tomfohr-Madsen, L., & Giesbrecht, G. (2020) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2020.07.126 · Cited by 1,017
Kisely, S. R., Warren, N., McMahon, L., Dalais, C., Henry, I., & Siskind, D. J. (2020) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.m1642 · Cited by 1,122
Loneliness and social isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic
Hwang, T.-J., Rabheru, K., Peisah, C., Reichman, W., & Ikeda, M. (2020) · International Psychogeriatrics · doi:10.1017/s1041610220000988 · Cited by 1,044
Spinelli, M., Lionetti, F., Pastore, M., & Fasolo, M. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01713 · Cited by 1,143
Tull, M. T., Edmonds, K. A., Scamaldo, K. M., Richmond, J. R., Rose, J. P., & Gratz, K. L. (2020) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113098 · Cited by 922
Understanding, compliance and psychological impact of the SARS quarantine experience
REYNOLDS, D. L., GARAY, J. R., DEAMOND, S. L., MORAN, M. K., GOLD, W., & STYRA, R. (2008) · Epidemiology and Infection · doi:10.1017/s0950268807009156 · Cited by 895
Self-citationLiu, X., Kakade, M., Fuller, C. J., Fan, B., Fang, Y., Kong, J., Guan, Z., & Wu, P. (2012) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2011.02.003 · Cited by 868
“The IES-R has been translated into, and validated in, Chinese [4,30,31]; a score of 20 or more was interpreted here—as suggested by previous studies of populations affected by traumatic events [32,33]—to indicate a high level of PTSD symptoms.”
BackgroundMethodShi, L., Lu, Z.-A., Que, J.-Y., Huang, X.-L., Liu, L., Ran, M.-S., Gong, Y.-M., Yuan, K., Yan, W., Sun, Y.-K., et al. (2020) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.14053 · Cited by 804
Islam, M. A., Barna, S. D., Raihan, H., Khan, M. N. A., & Hossain, M. T. (2020) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0238162 · Cited by 834
Prevalence of depression during the COVID-19 outbreak: A meta-analysis of community-based studies
Bueno‐Notivol, J., Gracia‐García, P., Olaya, B., Lasheras, I., López‐Antón, R., & Santabárbara, J. (2020) · International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.ijchp.2020.07.007 · Cited by 897
Tang, W., Hu, T., Hu, B., Jin, C., Wang, G., Xie, C., Chen, S., & Xu, J. (2020) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2020.05.009 · Cited by 787
Sundarasen, S., Chinna, K., Kamaludin, K., Nurunnabi, M., Baloch, G., Khoshaim, H. B., Hossain, S. F. A., & Sukayt, A. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17176206 · Cited by 828
Sepúlveda-Loyola, W., Rodríguez-Sánchez, I., Pérez-Rodríguez, P., Ganz, F., Torralba, R., Oliveira, D. V., & Rodríguez-Mañas, L. (2020) · The Journal of nutrition, health and aging · doi:10.1007/s12603-020-1500-7 · Cited by 1,081
Russell, B. S., Hutchison, M., Tambling, R. R., Tomkunas, A. J., & Horton, A. L. (2020) · Child Psychiatry & Human Development · doi:10.1007/s10578-020-01037-x · Cited by 778
Impact of COVID-19 lockdown on sleep quality in university students and administration staff
Marelli, S., Castelnuovo, A., Somma, A., Castronovo, V., Mombelli, S., Bottoni, D., Leitner, C., Fossati, A., & Ferini‐Strambi, L. (2020) · Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1007/s00415-020-10056-6 · Cited by 753
Effects of Covid-19 Lockdown on Mental Health and Sleep Disturbances in Italy
Gualano, M. R., Moro, G. L., Voglino, G., Bert, F., & Siliquini, R. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17134779 · Cited by 674
Marroquín, B. M., Vine, V., & Morgan, R. M. (2020) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113419 · Cited by 667
Solomou, I., & Constantinidou, F. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17144924 · Cited by 591
Life in the pandemic: social isolation and mental health
Usher, K., Bhullar, N., & Jackson, D. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Nursing · doi:10.1111/jocn.15290 · Cited by 580
The role of perceived social support on depression and sleep during the COVID-19 pandemic
Grey, I., Arora, T., Thomas, J., Saneh, A., Tohme, P., & Abi-Habib, R. (2020) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113452 · Cited by 587
Depression, anxiety and stress among indians in times of Covid-19 lockdown.
Rehman, U., Shahnawaz, M. G., Khan, N. H., Kharshiing, K. D., Khursheed, M., Gupta, K., Kashyap, D., & Uniyal, R. (2021) · Community Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1007/s10597-020-00664-x · Cited by 579
Shah, S. M. A., Mohammad, D., Qureshi, M. F. H., Abbas, M. Z., & Aleem, S. (2021) · Community Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1007/s10597-020-00728-y · Cited by 554
Mattioli, A. V., Sciomer, S., Cocchi, C., Maffei, S., & Gallina, S. (2020) · Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2020.05.020 · Cited by 540
Impacts of COVID-19 pandemic on urban park visitation: a global analysis
Geng, D. C., Innes, J. L., Wu, W., & Wang, G. (2020) · Journal of Forestry Research · doi:10.1007/s11676-020-01249-w · Cited by 572
SU, T., LIEN, T., YANG, C., SU, Y., WANG, J., TSAI, S., & YIN, J. (2007) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2005.12.006 · Cited by 477
Factors influencing compliance with quarantine in Toronto during the 2003 SARS outbreak
DiGiovanni, C., Conley, J., Chiu, D., & Zaborski, J. (2004) · Biosecurity and Bioterrorism: Biodefense Strategy, Practice, and Science · doi:10.1089/bsp.2004.2.265 · Cited by 483
Hamadani, J. D., Hasan, M. I., Baldi, A., Hossain, S. J., Shiraji, S., Bhuiyan, M. S. A., Mehrin, S. F., Fisher, J., Tofail, F., Tipu, S. M. M. U., et al. (2020) · The Lancet Global Health · doi:10.1016/s2214-109x(20)30366-1 · Cited by 479
COVID-19-Pandemie: Belastungen des medizinischen Personals
Bohlken, J., Schömig, F., Lemke, M. R., Pumberger, M., & Riedel-Heller, S. G. (2020) · Psychiatrische Praxis · doi:10.1055/a-1159-5551 · Cited by 502
Petherick, A., Goldszmidt, R. B., Andrade, E. B., Furst, R., Hale, T. N., Pott, A., & Wood, A. M. (2021) · Nature Human Behaviour · doi:10.1038/s41562-021-01181-x · Cited by 488
Sim, K., Huak Chan, Y., Chong, P. N., Chua, H. C., & Wen Soon, S. (2010) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2009.04.004 · Cited by 414
Maternal psychological distress & mental health service use during the COVID-19 pandemic
Cameron, E. E., Joyce, K. M., Delaquis, C. P., Reynolds, K., Protudjer, J. L. P., & Roos, L. E. (2020) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2020.07.081 · Cited by 413
Prevalence of anxiety in the COVID-19 pandemic: An updated meta-analysis of community-based studies
Santabárbara, J., Lasheras, I., Lipnicki, D. M., Bueno‐Notivol, J., Pérez-Moreno, M. A., López‐Antón, R., de la Cámara, C., Lobo, A., & Gracia‐García, P. (2020) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.110207 · Cited by 461
Ammar, A., Trabelsi, K., Brach, M., Chtourou, H., Boukhris, O. F., Masmoudi, L., Bouaziz, B., Bentlage, E., How, D., Ahmed, M. G. A. E., et al. (2020) · Biology of Sport · doi:10.5114/biolsport.2020.96857 · Cited by 445
Dsouza, D. D., Quadros, S., Hyderabadwala, Z. J., & Mamun, M. A. (2020) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113145 · Cited by 411
Leung, G. M., Ho, L.-M., Chan, S. K. K., Ho, S.-Y., Bacon-Shone, J., Choy, R. Y. L., Hedley, A. J., Lam, T.-H., & Fielding, R. (2005) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1086/429923 · Cited by 377
The experience of quarantine for individuals affected by SARS in Toronto
Cava, M. A., Fay, K. E., Beanlands, H. J., McCay, E. A., & Wignall, R. (2005) · Public Health Nursing · doi:10.1111/j.0737-1209.2005.220504.x · Cited by 394
Wang, Y., Kala, M. P., & Jafar, T. H. (2020) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0244630 · Cited by 382
Ammar, A., Chtourou, H., Boukhris, O. F., Trabelsi, K., Masmoudi, L., Brach, M., Bouaziz, B., Bentlage, E., How, D., Ahmed, M. G. A. E., et al. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17176237 · Cited by 436
Cooke, J. E., Eirich, R., Racine, N., & Madigan, S. (2020) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113347 · Cited by 360
Forte, G., Favieri, F., Tambelli, R., & Casagrande, M. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17114151 · Cited by 395
Psychological status and behavior changes of the public during the COVID-19 epidemic in China
Liu, X., Luo, W.-T., Li, Y., Li, C.-N., Hong, Z.-S., Chen, H.-L., Xiao, F., & Xia, J.-Y. (2020) · Infectious Diseases of Poverty · doi:10.1186/s40249-020-00678-3 · Cited by 375
The psychological impacts of a COVID-19 outbreak on college students in China: a longitudinal study
Li, H. Y., Cao, H., Leung, D. Y. P., & Mak, Y. W. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17113933 · Cited by 372
Alcohol Abuse/Dependence Symptoms Among Hospital Employees Exposed to a SARS Outbreak: Table 1
Wu, P., Liu, X., Fang, Y., Fan, B., Fuller, C. J., Guan, Z., Yao, Z., Kong, J., Lü, J., & Litvak, I. J. (2008) · Alcohol and Alcoholism · doi:10.1093/alcalc/agn073 · Cited by 368
Behavioral and Psychological Effects of Coronavirus Disease-19 Quarantine in Patients With Dementia
Cagnin, A., Lorenzo, R. D., Marra, C., Bonanni, L., Cupidi, C., Laganà, V., Rubino, E., Vacca, A., Provero, P., Isella, V., et al. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.578015 · Cited by 380
The Effect of Social Support on Mental Health in Chinese Adolescents During the Outbreak of COVID-19
Qi, M., Zhou, S., Guo, Z.-C., Zhang, L.-G., Min, H.-J., Li, X.-M., & Chen, J. (2020) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2020.07.001 · Cited by 406
Li, Y., Zhao, J., Ma, Z., McReynolds, L. S., Lin, D., Chen, Z., Wang, T., Wang, D., Zhang, Y., Zhang, J., et al. (2021) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2020.11.109 · Cited by 344
Francisco, R., Pedro, M. F., Delvecchio, E., Espada, J. P., Morales, A., Mazzeschi, C., & Orgilés, M. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.570164 · Cited by 377
Gender-Based Violence During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Mini-Review
Mittal, S., & Singh, T. (2020) · Frontiers in Global Women s Health · doi:10.3389/fgwh.2020.00004 · Cited by 381
Ingram, J., Maciejewski, G., & Hand, C. J. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.588604 · Cited by 368
A Guide to COVID‐19: a global pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus SARS‐CoV‐2
Atzrodt, C. L., Maknojia, I. H., McCarthy, R. D. P., Oldfield, T. M., Po, J., Ta, K. T. L., Stepp, H. E., & Clements, T. P. (2020) · FEBS Journal · doi:10.1111/febs.15375 · Cited by 362
Health behaviour changes during COVID-19 and the potential consequences: A mini-review
Arora, T., & Grey, I. M. (2020) · Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1177/1359105320937053 · Cited by 356
Social distancing in covid-19: what are the mental health implications?
Venkatesh, A., & Edirappuli, S. (2020) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.m1379 · Cited by 360
Wang, Y., Shi, L., Que, J., Lu, Q., Liu, L., Lu, Z., Xu, Y., Liu, J., Sun, Y., Meng, S., et al. (2021) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-021-01019-y · Cited by 328
Prevalence and risk factors for acute posttraumatic stress disorder during the COVID-19 outbreak
Sun, L., Sun, Z., Wu, L., Zhu, Z., Zhang, F., Shang, Z., Jia, Y., Gu, J., Zhou, Y., Wang, Y., et al. (2021) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2021.01.050 · Cited by 340
Prevalence and Risk Factors for Acute Posttraumatic Stress Disorder during the COVID-19 Outbreak
Sun, L., Sun, Z., Wu, L., Zhu, Z., Zhang, F., Shang, Z., Jia, Y., Gu, J., Zhou, Y., Wang, Y., et al. (2020) · doi:10.1101/2020.03.06.20032425 · Cited by 319
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Mental Health and Social Support among Adult Egyptians
El-Zoghby, S. M., Soltan, E. M., & Salama, H. M. (2020) · Journal of Community Health · doi:10.1007/s10900-020-00853-5 · Cited by 348
The Psychological Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Teenagers in China
Zhang, C., Ye, M., Fu, Y., Yang, M., Fen, L., Yuan, J., & Tao, Q. (2020) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2020.08.026 · Cited by 342
Meo, S. A., Abukhalaf, D. A. A., Alomar, A. A., Sattar, K., & Klonoff, D. C. (2020) · Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences · doi:10.12669/pjms.36.covid19-s4.2809 · Cited by 309
Boursier, V., Gioia, F., Musetti, A., & Schimmenti, A. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.586222 · Cited by 309
Psychological impact of COVID‐19 outbreak on frontline nurses: A cross‐sectional survey study
Nie, A., Su, X., Zhang, S., Guan, W., & Li, J. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Nursing · doi:10.1111/jocn.15454 · Cited by 306
COVID-19 and employees’ mental health: stressors, moderators and agenda for organizational actions
Hamouche, S. (2020) · Emerald Open Research · doi:10.35241/emeraldopenres.13550.1 · Cited by 316
The fear of COVID-19 scale: Validation in spanish university students
Martínez-Lorca, M., Martínez-Lorca, A., Criado‐Álvarez, J. J., Armesilla, M. D. C., & Latorre, J. M. (2020) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113350 · Cited by 323
Yuan, K., Gong, Y.-M., Liu, L., Sun, Y., Tian, S.-S., Wang, Y.-J., Zhong, Y., Zhang, A.-Y., Su, S.-Z., Liu, X.-X., et al. (2021) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-021-01036-x · Cited by 336
Using Behavioral Science to help fight the Coronavirus
Lunn, P., Belton, C. A., Lavin, C., McGowan, F., Timmons, S., & Robertson, D. A. (2020) · Journal of Behavioral Public Administration · doi:10.30636/jbpa.31.147 · Cited by 316
Impact on health care workers employed in high-risk areas during the Toronto SARS outbreak
Styra, R., Hawryluck, L., Robinson, S., Kasapinovic, S., Fones, C., & Gold, W. L. (2008) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2007.07.015 · Cited by 280
Self-citationPsychological consequences of COVID-19 home confinement: The ECLB-COVID19 multicenter study
Ammar, A., Mueller, P., Trabelsi, K., Chtourou, H., Boukhris, O. F., Masmoudi, L., Bouaziz, B., Brach, M., Schmicker, M., Bentlage, E., et al. (2020) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0240204 · Cited by 314
Public health interventions and SARS spread, 2003
Bell, D. M., & World Health Organization Working Group on Prevention of International and Community Transmission of SARS (2004) · Emerging Infectious Diseases · doi:10.3201/eid1011.040729 · Cited by 272
Zanardo, V., Manghina, V., Giliberti, L., Vettore, M., Severino, L., & Straface, G. (2020) · International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics · doi:10.1002/ijgo.13249 · Cited by 304
Related health factors of psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain
Gómez-Salgado, J., Andrés-Villas, M., Domínguez-Salas, S., Díaz-Milanés, D., & Ruiz-Frutos, C. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17113947 · Cited by 273
Kebede, Y., Yitayih, Y., Birhanu, Z., Mekonen, S., & Ambelu, A. (2020) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0233744 · Cited by 281
Spinelli, M., Lionetti, F., Setti, A., & Fasolo, M. (2020) · Family Process · doi:10.1111/famp.12601 · Cited by 324
Mental Health Impact of COVID-19 among Children and College Students: A Systematic Review
Elharake, J. A., Akbar, F., Malik, A. A., Gilliam, W., & Omer, S. B. (2023) · Child Psychiatry & Human Development · doi:10.1007/s10578-021-01297-1 · Cited by 279
Prestía, D., Pozza, A., Martina, O., Escelsior, A., Dèttore, D., & Amore, M. (2020) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113213 · Cited by 291
Physical activity: Benefits and challenges during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Dwyer, M. J., Pasini, M., Dominicis, S. D., & Righi, E. (2020) · Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports · doi:10.1111/sms.13710 · Cited by 274
Song, S., Yao, X., & Wen, N. (2020) · Information Processing & Management · doi:10.1016/j.ipm.2020.102407 · Cited by 299
Giorgio, E. D., Riso, D. D., Mioni, G., & Cellini, N. (2020) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-020-01631-3 · Cited by 312
Dietary recommendations during the COVID-19 pandemic
Coelho‐Ravagnani, C. D. F., Corgosinho, F. C., Sanches, F. L. F. Z., Prado, C. M. M., Laviano, A., & Mota, J. F. (2020) · Nutrition Reviews · doi:10.1093/nutrit/nuaa067 · Cited by 273
Chu, I. Y.-H., Alam, P., Larson, H. J., & Lin, L. (2020) · Journal of Travel Medicine · doi:10.1093/jtm/taaa192 · Cited by 247
Exploring perceived stress among students in Turkey during the COVID-19 pandemic
Aslan, I., Ochnik, D., & Çınar, O. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17238961 · Cited by 255
Alzueta, E., Perrin, P. B., Baker, F. C., Caffarra, S., Ramos‐Usuga, D., Yüksel, D., & Arango‐Lasprilla, J. C. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.23082 · Cited by 282
Physical Fitness and Exercise During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Enquiry
Kaur, H., Singh, T., Arya, Y. K., & Mittal, S. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.590172 · Cited by 254
Metadata
- Authors
- Hawryluck, L., Gold, W. L., Robinson, S., Pogorski, S., Galea, S., & Styra, R.
- Affiliations
- New York Academy of Medicine (US)
- ASK Information Technologies, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;
- Corresponding author
- Styra, Rima
- Venue
- Emerging Infectious Diseases
- Published
- 2004-07
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 1206-1212
- ISSN
- 1080-6040 (ISSN-L)
- 1080-6059
- PMC
- PMC3323345
- OpenAlex
- W2170812681
- Cited by
- 1,929
- References
- 23
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 46 · 2024: 75 · 2023: 183 · 2022: 358 · 2021: 645 · 2020: 512 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 15.58
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Emerging infectious diseases (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Deep Blue (University of Michigan) (submittedVersion, public-domain)
- Funders
- University Health Network
- University of Toronto
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › COVID-19 and Mental Health
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Migration, Health and Trauma
- Keywords
- SARS, quarantine, psychological distress, post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, quarantine duration
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Canada, Communicable Disease Control, Depression, Disease Outbreaks, Humans, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Middle Aged, Quarantine, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Communicable Diseases, Emerging, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
