Molecular Farming in Artemisia annua, a Promising Approach to Improve Anti-malarial Drug Production

Pulice, Giuseppe; Pelaz, Soraya; Matías-Hernández, Luis

doi:10.3389/fpls.2016.00329

Cited by 53Plant biochemistry and biosynthesisTransgenic Plants and ApplicationsPlant tissue culture and regeneration

Molecular Farming in Artemisia annua, a Promising Approach to Improve Anti-malarial Drug Production

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Pulice, Giuseppe, Pelaz, Soraya, Matías-Hernández, Luis·2016·Frontiers in Plant Science

DOI 10.3389/fpls.2016.00329PMC PMC4796020

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Abstract

Malaria is a parasite infection affecting millions of people worldwide. Even though progress has been made in prevention and treatment of the disease; an estimated 214 million cases of malaria occurred in 2015, resulting in 438,000 estimated deaths; most of them occurring in Africa among children under the age of five. This article aims to review the epidemiology, future risk factors and current treatments of malaria, with particular focus on the promising potential of molecular farming that uses metabolic engineering in plants as an effective anti-malarial solution. Malaria represents an example of how a health problem may, on one hand, influence the proper development of a country, due to its burden of the disease. On the other hand, it constitutes an opportunity for lucrative business of diverse stakeholders. In contrast, plant biofarming is proposed here as a sustainable, promising, alternative for the production, not only of natural herbal repellents for malaria prevention but also for the production of sustainable anti-malarial drugs, like artemisinin (AN), used for primary parasite infection treatments. AN, a sesquiterpene lactone, is a natural anti-malarial compound that can be found in Artemisia annua. However, the low concentration of AN in the plant makes this molecule relatively expensive and difficult to produce in order to meet the current worldwide demand of Artemisinin Combination Therapies (ACTs), especially for economically disadvantaged people in developing countries. The biosynthetic pathway of AN, a process that takes place only in glandular secretory trichomes of A. annua, is relatively well elucidated. Significant efforts have been made using plant genetic engineering to increase production of this compound. These include diverse genetic manipulation approaches, such as studies on diverse transcription factors which have been shown to regulate the AN genetic pathway and other biological processes. Results look promising; however, further efforts should be addressed toward optimization of the most cost-effective biofarming approaches for synthesis and production of medicines against the malaria parasite.

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Non-transgenic breeding programs have contributed superior cultivars of A. annua resulting in enhanced artemisinin production.
“Non-transgenic breeding programs have contributed superior cultivars of A. annua resulting in enhanced artemisinin production (Pulice et al. 2016; Ma et al. 2015; Xie et al. 2016).”
From Enhancing artemisinin content in and delivery from Artemisia annua: a review of alternative, classical, and transgenic approaches (2021) · cites this paper as Pulice et al. 2016

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“Since the first reports of successful Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of A. annua in the 1990s (Vergauwe et al., 1996; Banerjee et al., 1997), these transformation protocols have been optimized (Han et al., 2005).”
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Enhancing artemisinin content in and delivery from Artemisia annua: a review of alternative, classical, and transgenic approaches
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Authors: Pulice, G., Pelaz, S., & Matías-Hernández, L.
Affiliations: Parc Científic de Barcelona (ES)
Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ES)
ORCID: Pelaz, Soraya
Venue: Frontiers in Plant Science
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Published: 2016-03-18
Volume: 7
Pages: 329-329
ISSN: 1664-462X (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00329
PMC: PMC4796020
OpenAlex: W2330486927
Cited by: 53
References: 189
Citations by year: 2026: 5 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 1
FWCI: 0.54
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: gold
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
Locations: Frontiers in Plant Science (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Dipòsit Digital de Documents de la UAB (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
DIGITAL.CSIC (Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders: Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (BIO2013-50388-EXP)
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Plant biochemistry and biosynthesis
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biotechnology › Transgenic Plants and Applications
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Plant tissue culture and regeneration
Keywords: molecular farming, Artemisia annua, artemisinin, antimalarial drugs, plant metabolic engineering, malaria epidemiology, artemisinin biosynthesis, transcription factors, herbal repellent, artemisinin-based combination therapy, plant genetic engineering

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Molecular Farming in Artemisia annua, a Promising Approach to Improve Anti-malarial Drug Production

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