Four-dimensional graded consciousness
Open accessAbstract
Both the multidimensional phenomenon and the polysemous notion of consciousness continue to prove resistant to consistent measurement and unambiguous definition. This is hardly surprising, given that there is no agreement even as regards the most fundamental issues they involve. One of the basic disagreements present in the continuing debate about consciousness pertains to its gradational nature. The general aim of this article is to show how consciousness might be graded and multidimensional at the same time. We therefore focus on the question of what it is, exactly, that is or could be graded in cases of consciousness, and how we can measure it. Ultimately, four different gradable aspects of consciousness will be described: quality, abstractness, complexity and usefulness, which belong to four different dimensions, these being understood, respectively, as phenomenal, semantic, physiological and functional. Consequently, consciousness may be said to vary with respect to phenomenal quality, semantic abstraction, physiological complexity and functional usefulness. It is hoped that such a four-dimensional approach will help to clarify and justify claims about the hierarchical nature of consciousness. The approach also proves explanatorily advantageous, as it enables us not only to draw attention to certain new and important differences in respect of subjective measures of awareness and to justify how a given creature may be ranked higher in one dimension of consciousness and lower in terms of another, but also allows for innovative explanations of a variety of well-known phenomena (amongst these, the interpretations of blindsight and locked-in syndrome will be briefly outlined here). Moreover, a 4D framework makes possible many predictions and hypotheses that may be experimentally tested. (We point out a few such possibilities pertaining to interdimensional dependencies).
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A weak point of the four-dimensional model of Jonkisz et al. (2017) remains in the step from the four outlined dimensions being considered criteria for defining consciousness to becoming dimensions of consciousness itself.
“On the other hand, a weak point remains in the step from the four outlined dimensions being considered criteria for defining consciousness ( Jonkisz, 2012 ) to becoming dimensions of consciousness itself ( Jonkisz et al., 2017 ).”
From What does it mean for consciousness to be multidimensional? A narrative review (2024) · cites this paper as Jonkisz et al., 2017
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Self-citationConsciousness: A Four-fold taxonomy
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Self-citationSubjectivity: A Case of Biological Individuation and an Adaptive Response to Informational Overflow
Jonkisz, J. (2016) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01206 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Self-citationThe biological cost of consciousnessPreprint
Baars, B. J. (2012) · Nature Precedings · doi:10.1038/npre.2012.6775.1 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
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Causal Considerations in Experimental Studies on Consciousness
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Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Metzinger T. (ed.) (2000). Neural Correlates of Consciousness: Empirical and Conceptual Questions. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.
Cited by
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“Or, at least, this is the claim of a number of recent papers in the field of consciousness research (Fazekas and Overgaard, 2016; Jonkisz et al., 2017; Bayne and Carter, 2018; Walter, 2021; Huang et al., 2023).”
BackgroundInfluentialNo validity without a theory—a critical look at subjective measures of consciousness
Skóra, Z., Pin, S. H. D., Derda, M., Koculak, M., Rutiku, R., & Wierzchoń, M. (2021) · Neuroscience of Consciousness · doi:10.1093/nc/niab009 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
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Bola, M., Orlowski, P., Płomecka, M. B., & Marchewka, A. (2018) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/444281 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
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The Evolution of Consciousness TheoriesPreprint
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Redakce, K. (2018) · FILOSOFIE DNES · doi:10.26806/fd.v9i2.264
Mohamed, J. (2018) · TSpace (University of Toronto)
Jonkisz, J. (2019) · Filozofia Nauki · doi:10.14394/filnau.2019.0011
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Marvan, T. (2018) · FILOSOFIE DNES · doi:10.26806/fd.v9i2.260
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Jonkisz, J. (2022) · Philosophy of Science · doi:10.1017/psa.2021.49
Self-citationRobot Consciousness: Physics and Metaphysics Here and AbroadPreprint
Ripley, S. B. (2020) · doi:10.36227/techrxiv.12902687
Robot ConsciousnessPreprint
Ripley, S. B. (2020) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/q7jrb
The Confirmation Bias Effect in Advice Taking and Its Underlying Explaining Mechanisms
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García, S. J. M. (2024) · Entreciencias diálogos en la Sociedad del Conocimiento · doi:10.22201/enesl.20078064e.2024.26.86816
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Yüksel, A. (2025) · CABI eBooks · doi:10.1079/9781800628076.0012
- Authors
- Jonkisz, J., Wierzchoń, M., & Binder, M.
- Affiliations
- University of Bielsko-Biała (PL)
- Jagiellonian University (PL)
- Corresponding author
- Jonkisz, Jakub
- Venue
- Frontiers in Psychology
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2017-03-21
- Volume
- 8
- Pages
- 420-420
- ISSN
- 1664-1078 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5359253
- OpenAlex
- W2594987642
- Cited by
- 30
- References
- 117
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 6
- FWCI
- 4.24
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Frontiers in Psychology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Jagiellonian University Repository (Jagiellonian University) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Homo Politicus (Academy of Humanities and Economics in Lodz) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Funders
- Narodowe Centrum Nauki (UMO-2013/11/B/HS1/03968)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Philosophy and Theoretical Science
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Mental Health and Psychiatry
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Embodied and Extended Cognition
- Keywords
- multidimensional consciousness, phenomenal qualities, semantic abstraction, physiological complexity, subjective awareness, blindsight, locked-in syndrome, consciousness assessment
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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