Inpatient suicide in psychiatric settings: Evaluation of current prevention measures
Open accessAbstract
The risk of suicide in psychiatric hospitals is 50 times higher than in the general population, despite patient safety being a priority for any hospital. However, to date, due to the complexity of assessing suicide risk, there has been no consensus on the suicide prevention measures that should be in place in hospitals. The aim of this work is: To provide an overview of the progress that has been made in the field of inpatient suicide prevention in recent years; discuss the problems that remain; and suggest potential future developments. As new clinical dimensions (notably anhedonia, psychological pain and hopelessness) develop, they should become new therapeutic targets. Team training (like the Gatekeeper Training Program) and the latest advances in suicide risk assessment (such as the Collaborative Assessment and Management of Suicidality) should be implemented in psychiatric wards. Suicide prevention plans (e.g., ASSIP, SAFE-T, etc.) represent easy-to-administer, low-cost interventions. The Mental Health Environment of Care Checklist has been proven effective to reduce suicide risk at hospitals. Furthermore, the types of psychotherapy recommended to reduce suicide risk are cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT). There are several pharmacological treatments for suicide risk, such as lithium and clozapine, which have been shown to be effective in the long term, as well as ketamine and esketamine, which are more effective in the short term. Following some encouraging recent results, buprenorphine may also be proposed to patients with a suicide risk. Triple chronotherapy rapidly improves depressive symptoms over 9 weeks. Regarding brain stimulation techniques, rTMS has proven to be effective in alleviating multiple dimensions of suicidality.
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Strengthening relational engagement and monitoring emotional pain in inpatient psychiatric settings was associated with improved safety outcomes.
“Chammas et al. [47] evaluated suicide prevention measures in inpatient psychiatric settings and reported that strengthening relational engagement and monitoring emotional pain was associated with improved safety outcomes.”
From Targeting Psychological Pain After a Suicide Attempt: Scoping Review and Intervention Protocol (2026) · cites this paper as [47]
In Team training > Formal observation (page unavailable), the review reports that some inpatients felt safer and more hopeful when observers provided emotional support and interacted therapeutically. In Suicide risk assessment > Psychological pain (page unavailable), it recommends assessing psychological pain because its reported level predicted later suicidal events. Neither passage shows that strengthening engagement and monitoring pain together were associated with improved safety outcomes; the reported safety finding is patients’ perception of safety, not a measured outcome. (LLM, conf=0.86)
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Williams, S. C., Schmaltz, S. P., Castro, G. M., & Baker, D. W. (2018) · The Joint Commission Journal on Quality and Patient Safety · doi:10.1016/j.jcjq.2018.08.002 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Suicide amongst psychiatric in-patients who abscond from the ward: a national clinical survey
Illness, T. N. C. I. I. S. A. H. B. P. W. M., Hunt, I. M., Windfuhr, K. L., Swinson, N., Shaw, J. J., Appleby, L., & Kapur, N. (2010) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/1471-244x-10-14 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Empirically informed approaches to topics in suicide risk assessment
Wingate, L. R., Joiner, T. E., Walker, R. L., Rudd, M. D., & Jobes, D. A. (2004) · Behavioral Sciences & the Law · doi:10.1002/bsl.612 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Role of the Primate Ventral Tegmental Area in Reinforcement and Motivation
Arsenault, J. T., Rima, S., Stemmann, H., & Vanduffel, W. (2014) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2014.04.044 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Bilateral Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Decreases Suicidal Ideation in Depression
Weissman, C. R., Blumberger, D. M., Brown, P. E., Isserles, M., Rajji, T. K., Downar, J., Mulsant, B. H., Fitzgerald, P. B., & Daskalakis, Z. J. (2018) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.17m11692 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Acceptance and commitment therapy for management of suicidal patients: A pilot study
Ducasse, D., René, E., Béziat, S., Guillaume, S., Courtet, P., & Olié, E. (2014) · Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics · doi:10.1159/000365974 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
A closer look at inpatient suicide
Sharma, V., Persad, E., & Kueneman, K. (1998) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/s0165-0327(97)00131-6 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Dopaminergic Modulation of the Functional Ventrodorsal Architecture of the Human Striatum
Piray, P., den Ouden, H. E. M., van der Schaaf, M. E., Toni, I., & Cools, R. (2015) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhv243 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Role of dopamine in non-depressed patients with a history of suicide attempts
Pitchot, W., Hansenne, M., & Ansseau, M. (2001) · European Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0924-9338(01)00601-0 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
3 of the 301 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 1
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Detection of suicidality from medical text using privacy-preserving large language models
Wiest, I. C., Verhees, F. G., Ferber, D., Zhu, J., Bauer, M., Lewitzka, U., Pfennig, A., Mikoláš, P., & Kather, J. N. (2024) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.2024.134 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
How Inpatient Psychiatric Units Can Be Both Safe and Therapeutic
Edwards, M. L., & Morris, N. P. (2024) · The AMA Journal of Ethic · doi:10.1001/amajethics.2024.248 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Griffiths, J., Foye, U., Stuart, R., Jarvis, R. R., Chipp, B., Griffiths, R., Jeynes, T., Mitchell, L., Parker, J., Olive, R. R., et al. (2025) · Issues in Mental Health Nursing · doi:10.1080/01612840.2025.2488335 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Chan, E. C., Conlon, K., & Gagnon, L. M. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1425371 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
The effects of inpatient suicide on nurses at Weskoppies Hospital: A qualitative study
Zola, N., Mtetwa, T. G., & Khamker, N. (2024) · South African Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v30i0.2231 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Webb, E. L., Ireland, J. L., & Lewis, M. D. (2024) · Journal of Criminological Research Policy and Practice · doi:10.1108/jcrpp-03-2024-0021 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Gambling disorder and suicide risk: A meta-epidemiology study
Wang, L., Qin, X., Lu, Y., Pan, H., Li, X., & Luo, L. (2025) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2025.10.067 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
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“Chammas et al. [47] evaluated suicide prevention measures in inpatient psychiatric settings and reported that strengthening relational engagement and monitoring emotional pain was associated with improved safety outcomes.”
McIntosh, J. T., & Shattell, M. M. (2024) · The AMA Journal of Ethic · doi:10.1001/amajethics.2024.199 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Effect of Electronic Rounding Board on Falls and Self-harm Among Psychiatric Inpatients
Shibley, M. K., Kim, S. C., & Ecoff, L. (2023) · Critical Care Nursing Quarterly · doi:10.1097/cnq.0000000000000468 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Suicide in the General Hospital
Burns, R., & Sher, L. (2025) · British Journal of Hospital Medicine · doi:10.12968/hmed.2025.0244 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Os desafios da psicologia no contexto hospitalar: uma revisão teórica
Bender, M. S., de Freitas, S. M., & Estrázulas, C. D. S. (2023) · CLAEC e-Books · doi:10.23899/9786589284499.4 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Inteligências artificiais e o cuidado médico ao paciente
Bender, M. S., & Beranger, K. S. (2023) · CLAEC e-Books · doi:10.23899/9786589284499.2 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Prowse, G., Conroy, E., & Mogensen, L. L. (2024) · Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2024.100821 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Bondar, L. I., Fazakas, R., Precup, C. V., Butari, D. B., Șandor, F. M., Bouroș-Tataru, A.-L., Piroș, E. L., Mariș, M. A., Gavrilă-Ardelean, L., & Dumiter, F. C. (2026) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare14091204 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Bornheimer, L. A., Brdar, N. M., Liu, A. J., Spencer, M., Wylie, A. T., Kelter, A. N., Campbell, M., & Im, D. S. (2026) · Perspectives In Psychiatric Care · doi:10.1155/ppc/1820768 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Weiss, J. R., Sharobeam, M., & Faden, J. (2024) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/nmd.0000000000001720 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Kelleci, M. (2024) · Journal of Psychiatric Nursing · doi:10.14744/phd.2023.23921 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Hill, B., Mitchell, A., & Murray, J. (2023) · Journal of Applied Learning & Teaching · doi:10.37074/jalt.2023.6.s1.4
de Lucas, E. P. A. F. (2023) · CLAEC e-Books · doi:10.23899/9786589284499.3
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Ćurković, M., Makarić, P., Bljakčori, A., Repovečki, S., Mesarić, J., & Brečić, P. (2024) · Liječnički vjesnik · doi:10.26800/lv-145-11-12-3
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Griffiths, J., Foye, U., Stuart, R., Jarvis, R. R., Chipp, B., Griffiths, R., Jeynes, T., Mitchell, L., Parker, J., Olive, R. R., et al. (2024) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2024.08.08.24311667
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Wang, Q., Sun, D., Li, G., Li, L., Li, H., & Xu, Y. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1545173
Choi, S. M., Lee, A. R., Yoon, S., Jeon, H. J., Lee, S. M., & Paik, J. (2026) · Psychology Research and Behavior Management · doi:10.2147/prbm.s561104
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- Authors
- Chammas, F., Januel, D., & Bouaziz, N.
- Affiliations
- Hôpital de Ville-Évrard (FR)
- Corresponding author
- Chammas, Francesca
- Venue
- Frontiers in Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2022-10-28
- Volume
- 13
- Pages
- 997974-997974
- ISSN
- 1664-0640 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC9650354
- OpenAlex
- W4307705064
- Cited by
- 38
- References
- 301
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 6
- FWCI
- 1.04
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Frontiers in Psychiatry (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Suicide and Self-Harm Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychiatric care and mental health services
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Disorders and Psychopathology
- Keywords
- inpatient suicide, suicide prevention, psychiatric hospitals, suicide risk assessment, Collaborative Assessment and Management of Suicidality, anhedonia, hopelessness, psychological suffering, cognitive behavioral therapy, dialectical behavior therapy, lithium, clozapine, ketamine, esketamine, buprenorphine, chronotherapy, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation
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