Cited by 212Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic DiseasesAlzheimer's disease research and treatmentsRegulation of Appetite and Obesity

Obesity as a Risk Factor for Dementia and Alzheimer’s Disease: The Role of Leptin

Open access
Flores-Cordero, Juan Antonio, Pérez-Pérez, Antonio, Jiménez-Cortegana, Carlos, Alba, Gonzalo, Flores-Barragán, Alfonso, Sánchez-Margalet, Víctor·2022·International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Abstract

Obesity is a growing worldwide health problem, affecting many people due to excessive saturated fat consumption, lack of exercise, or a sedentary lifestyle. Leptin is an adipokine secreted by adipose tissue that increases in obesity and has central actions not only at the hypothalamic level but also in other regions and nuclei of the central nervous system (CNS) such as the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. These regions express the long form of leptin receptor LepRb, which is the unique leptin receptor capable of transmitting complete leptin signaling, and are the first regions to be affected by chronic neurocognitive deficits, such as mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). In this review, we discuss different leptin resistance mechanisms that could be implicated in increasing the risk of developing AD, as leptin resistance is frequently associated with obesity, which is a chronic low-grade inflammatory state, and obesity is considered a risk factor for AD. Key players of leptin resistance are SOCS3, PTP1B, and TCPTP whose signalling is related to inflammation and could be worsened in AD. However, some data are controversial, and it is necessary to further investigate the underlying mechanisms of the AD-causing pathological processes and how altered leptin signalling affects such processes.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.3390/ijms23095202

Cites

156 of 156 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

1 retracted

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 2

  1. [44]Fietta and Delsante Focus on Adipokines—PubMed Available online: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24640423/ (accessed on 27 April 2022)
  2. [45]Effect of Body Mass Index on Serum Leptin Levels—PubMed Available online: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23272432/ (accessed on 27 April 2022)

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Flores-Cordero, J. A., Pérez-Pérez, A., Jiménez-Cortegana, C., Alba, G., Flores-Barragán, A., & Sánchez-Margalet, V.
Affiliations
  • Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena (ES)
  • Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Immunology, Medical School, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, Av. Sánchez Pizjuan 4, 41009 Sevilla, Spain
Venue
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2022-05-06
Volume
23
Issue
9
Pages
5202
ISSN
1422-0067 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W4229030955
Cited by
212
References
156
Citations by year
2026: 30 · 2025: 64 · 2024: 64 · 2023: 45 · 2022: 9
FWCI
7.23
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • International Journal of Molecular Sciences (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Deposito de Investigacion Universidad de Sevilla (University of Seville) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • RISalud Institutional Health Repository of Andalucía (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Funders
PAIDI CTS-151 Junta de Andalucia, Spain
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
Keywords
obesity, Alzheimer's disease, dementia, leptin, leptin resistance, adipokines, SOCS3, PTP1B, TCPTP, neuroinflammation, mild cognitive impairment, hippocampus, cerebral cortex, hypothalamus, low-grade inflammation
MeSH terms
Alzheimer Disease, Humans, Obesity, Risk Factors, Leptin, Receptors, Leptin

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review