Cited by 113Gut microbiota and healthTryptophan and brain disordersGastrointestinal motility and disorders

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The Role of the Microbiome-Brain-Gut Axis in the Pathogenesis of Depressive Disorder

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Młynarska, Ewelina, Gadzinowska, Joanna, Tokarek, Julita, Forycka, Joanna, Szuman, Aleksandra, Franczyk, Beata, Rysz, Jacek·2022·Nutrients

DOI 10.3390/nu14091921PMC PMC9105444

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Abstract

The role of gut microbiota and its association with the central nervous system via the microbiome-brain-gut axis has been widely discussed in the literature. The aim of this review is to investigate the impact of gut microbiota on the development of depression and underlying molecular mechanisms. There are two possible pathways in which this interaction might occur. The first one suggests that depressive disorder could lead to dysbiosis and one of the causes may be the influence on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. The second one considers if changes in the composition of gut microbiota might cause depressive disorder. The mechanisms that could be responsible for this interaction include the secretion of neurotransmitters, gut peptides and the activation of the immune system. However, current knowledge on this topic does not allow for us to state an unambiguous conclusion, and future studies that take into consideration more precise stress-measurement methods are needed to further explore direct mechanisms of the interaction between gut microbiota and mental health.

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Figure 1 Hypothetic communication pathway between the brain and the gut microbiota in the depressive state. A depressed state triggers alterations in the microbiota via the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the immune system. This might lead to intestinal symptoms which can be further exacerbated by stress [10].CC BY · PubMed Central

Figure 2 Hypothetic communication pathways between the gut microbiota and the brain in the depressive state.CC BY · PubMed Central

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See all 113

Authors: Młynarska, E., Gadzinowska, J., Tokarek, J., Forycka, J., Szuman, A., Franczyk, B., & Rysz, J.
Affiliations: Medical University of Lodz (PL)
Corresponding author: Młynarska, Ewelina
ORCID: Młynarska, Ewelina
Gadzinowska, Joanna
Tokarek, Julita
Forycka, Joanna
Franczyk, Beata
Rysz, Jacek
Venue: Nutrients
Publisher: MDPI AG
Published: 2022-05-04
Volume: 14
Issue: 9
Pages: 1921
ISSN: 2072-6643 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.3390/nu14091921
PMC: PMC9105444
OpenAlex: W4225384750
Cited by: 109
References: 123
Citations by year: 2026: 22 · 2025: 35 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 26
FWCI: 2.27
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: gold
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor)
Locations: Nutrients (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Gastrointestinal motility and disorders
Keywords: gut microbiota, depression, dysbiosis, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, neurotransmitters, gut peptides, immune activation, stress, mental health
MeSH terms: Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Brain-Gut Axis, Brain, Depressive Disorder, Humans, Pituitary-Adrenal System, Dysbiosis

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The Role of the Microbiome-Brain-Gut Axis in the Pathogenesis of Depressive Disorder

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