Whey and casein labeled with l-[1-13C]leucine and muscle protein synthesis: effect of resistance exercise and protein ingestion

Reitelseder, Søren; Agergaard, Jakob; Doessing, Simon; Helmark, Ida C.; Lund, Peter; Kristensen, Niels B.; Frystyk, Jan; Flyvbjerg, Allan; Schjerling, Peter; van Hall, Gerrit; Kjaer, Michael; Holm, Lars

doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00513.2010

Cited by 190Muscle metabolism and nutritionMuscle Physiology and DisordersCardiovascular and exercise physiology

Whey and casein labeled with l-[1-13C]leucine and muscle protein synthesis: effect of resistance exercise and protein ingestion

Reitelseder, Søren, Agergaard, Jakob, Doessing, Simon, Helmark, Ida C., Lund, Peter, Kristensen, Niels B., Frystyk, Jan, Flyvbjerg, Allan +4 more·2011·American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism

DOI 10.1152/ajpendo.00513.2010

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Abstract

Muscle protein turnover following resistance exercise and amino acid availability are relatively well described. By contrast, the beneficial effects of different sources of intact proteins in relation to exercise need further investigation. Our objective was to compare muscle anabolic responses to a single bolus intake of whey or casein after performance of heavy resistance exercise. Young male individuals were randomly assigned to participate in two protein trials ( n = 9) or one control trial ( n = 8). Infusion of l-[1-13 C]leucine was carried out, and either whey, casein (0.3 g/kg lean body mass), or a noncaloric control drink was ingested immediately after exercise. l-[1-13 C]leucine-labeled whey and casein were used while muscle protein synthesis (MPS) was assessed. Blood and muscle tissue samples were collected to measure systemic hormone and amino acid concentrations, tracer enrichments, and myofibrillar protein synthesis. Western blots were used to investigate the Akt signaling pathway. Plasma insulin and branched-chain amino acid concentrations increased to a greater extent after ingestion of whey compared with casein. Myofibrillar protein synthesis was equally increased 1–6 h postexercise after whey and casein intake, both of which were higher compared with control ( P < 0.05). Phosphorylation of Akt and p70 S6K was increased after exercise and protein intake ( P < 0.05), but no differences were observed between the types of protein except for total 4E-BP1, which was higher after whey intake than after casein intake ( P < 0.05). In conclusion, whey and casein intake immediately after resistance exercise results in an overall equal MPS response despite temporal differences in insulin and amino acid concentrations and 4E-BP1.

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When taken immediately after resistance exercise, whey and casein resulted in equally increased protein synthesis despite temporal differences in postprandial insulin and amino acid concentrations.
“When taken in immediately after resistance exercise, whey and casein resulted in equally increased protein synthesis despite temporal differences in postprandial insulin and amino acid concentrations.197”
From Evidence-Based Recommendations for Optimal Dietary Protein Intake in Older People: A Position Paper From the PROT-AGE Study Group (2013) · cites this paper as [197]

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Protein Supplementation Has Minimal Effects on Muscle Adaptations during Resistance Exercise Training in Young Men: A Double-Blind Randomized Clinical Trial
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“WP 26 (5, 47) 41 (20, 62) 60 (38, 82) 100 (80, 120)”
Result
Validation of a single biopsy approach and bolus protein feeding to determine myofibrillar protein synthesis in stable isotope tracer studies in humans
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“(14), who found no differences in the capacity of whey and casein to support a positive amino acid balance (6) or increase MPS rates (14) during recovery from resistance-type exercise.”
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Ingestion of Casein and Whey Proteins Result in Muscle Anabolism after Resistance Exercise
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Authors: Reitelseder, S., Agergaard, J., Doessing, S., Helmark, I. C., Lund, P., Kristensen, N. B., Frystyk, J., Flyvbjerg, A., Schjerling, P., van Hall, G., Kjaer, M., & Holm, L.
Affiliations: University of Copenhagen (DK)
Aarhus University (DK)
Aarhus University Hospital (DK)
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Metabolic Mass Spectrometry Facility, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery M, Bispebjerg Hospital and Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen;
Corresponding author: Reitelseder, Søren
ORCID: Agergaard, Jakob
Lund, Peter
Kristensen, Niels B.
Frystyk, Jan
Flyvbjerg, Allan
Schjerling, Peter
Holm, Lars
Venue: American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism
Publisher: American Physiological Society
Published: 2011-01
Volume: 300
Issue: 1
Pages: E231-E242
ISSN: 0193-1849 (ISSN-L)
1522-1555
DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00513.2010
OpenAlex: W2113426840
Cited by: 190
References: 60
Citations by year: 2025: 5 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 24 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 15
FWCI: 5.60
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) (submittedVersion)
University of Birmingham Research Portal (University of Birmingham) (submittedVersion)
Funders: Heising-Simons Foundation
Hidradenitis Suppurativa Foundation
Mejeribrugets ForskningsFond
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Muscle Physiology and Disorders
Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
Keywords: whey protein, casein, muscle protein synthesis, resistance training, myofibrillar protein synthesis, Akt signaling, p70S6K, 4E-BP1, insulin, branched-chain amino acids, leucine tracer, protein turnover
MeSH terms: Whey Proteins, Adult, Amino Acids, Carbon Isotopes, Caseins, Dietary Proteins, Food, Formulated, Humans, Insulin, Leucine, Male, Milk Proteins, Muscle Proteins, Myofibrils, Phosphoproteins, Phosphorylation, Signal Transduction, Single-Blind Method, Cell Cycle Proteins, Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 70-kDa, Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt, Resistance Training

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Whey and casein labeled with l-[1-13C]leucine and muscle protein synthesis: effect of resistance exercise and protein ingestion

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