Cited by 1,280Mental Health Treatment and AccessHealth Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of LifeTreatment of Major Depression

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 49 of the 49 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

The Economic Burden of Depression in the United States: How Did It Change Between 1990 and 2000?

Greenberg, Paul E., Kessler, Ronald C., Birnbaum, Howard G., Leong, Stephanie A., Lowe, Sarah W., Berglund, Patricia A., Corey-Lisle, Patricia K.·2003·The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry

DOI 10.4088/jcp.v64n1211

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The economic burden of depression was estimated to be 43.7 billion dollars in 1990. A subsequent study reported a cost burden of 52.9 billion dollars using revised prevalence data and a refined workplace cost estimation approach. The objective of the current report is to provide a 10-year update of these estimates using the same methodological framework. METHOD: Using a human capital approach, we developed prevalence-based estimates of 3 major cost categories: (1) direct costs, (2) mortality costs arising from depression-related suicides, and (3) costs associated with depression in the workplace. Cost-of-illness estimates from 1990 were updated to reflect the experience in 2000 using current epidemiologic data and publicly available population, wage, and cost information. RESULTS: Whereas the treatment rate of depression increased by over 50%, its economic burden rose by only 7%, going from 77.4 billion dollars in 1990 (inflation-adjusted dollars) to 83.1 billion dollars in 2000. Of the 2000 total, 26.1 billion dollars (31%) were direct medical costs, 5.4 billion dollars (7%) were suicide-related mortality costs, and 51.5 billion dollars (62%) were workplace costs. CONCLUSION: The economic burden of depression remained relatively stable between 1990 and 2000, despite a dramatic increase in the proportion of depression sufferers who received treatment. Future research will incorporate additional costs associated with depression sufferers, including the excess costs of their coexisting psychiatric and medical conditions and attention to the role of painful conditions as a driver of these costs.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.4088/jcp.v64n1211

Cites

49 of 49 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Lifetime and 12-Month Prevalence of DSM-III-R Psychiatric Disorders in the United States: Results From the National Comorbidity Survey
Kessler, R. C. (1994) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1994.03950010008002 · Cited by 12,370
Self-citation
The Epidemiology of Major Depressive Disorder: Results From the National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R)
Kessler, R. C., Berglund, P., Demler, O., Jin, R., Koretz, D., Merikangas, K. R., Rush, A. J., Walters, E. E., & Wang, P. S. (2003) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.289.23.3095 · Cited by 7,988
Self-citation
Cost of Lost Productive Work Time Among US Workers With Depression
Stewart, W. F. (2003) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.289.23.3135 · Cited by 1,421
Social consequences of psychiatric disorders, I: Educational attainment
(1995) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.152.7.1026 · Cited by 1,370
Self-citation
A Hundred Cases of Suicide: Clinical Aspects
Barraclough, B. M., Bunch, J., Nelson, B., & Sainsbury, P. (1974) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.125.4.355 · Cited by 1,283
Economic burden of depression
Greenberg, P. E., Stiglin, L. E., Finkelstein, S. N., & Berndt, E. R. (1994) · PharmacoResources · doi:10.1007/bf03289581 · Cited by 975
Self-citation
Mental disorders and comorbidity in suicide
(1993) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.150.6.935 · Cited by 861
National Trends in the Outpatient Treatment of Depression
Olfson, M. (2002) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.287.2.203 · Cited by 847
National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey: 2001 summary.
Cherry, D. K., Burt, C. W., & Woodwell, D. A. (2003) · PubMed · Cited by 762
Comorbid depression and anxiety spectrum disorders
Gorman, J. M. (1996) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/(sici)1520-6394(1996)4:4 · Cited by 629

Flagged first, then by citations

Show all 49 references

Sorted by citations

Items 101–200 of 1,001

Costs of attention deficit–hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in the US: excess costs of persons with ADHD and their family members in 2000
Birnbaum, H. G., Kessler, R. C., Lowe, S. W., Secnik, K., Greenberg, P. E., Leong, S. A., & Swensen, A. R. (2005) · Current Medical Research and Opinion · doi:10.1185/030079904x20303 · Cited by 237
Self-citation
From monoamines to genomic targets: a paradigm shift for drug discovery in depression
Wong, M., & Licinio, J. (2004) · Nature Reviews Drug Discovery · doi:10.1038/nrd1303 · Cited by 233
Work-focused treatment of common mental disorders and return to work: A comparative outcome study.
Lagerveld, S. E., Blonk, R. W. B., Brenninkmeijer, V., Meij, L. W., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2012) · Journal of Occupational Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0027049 · Cited by 231
Metabotropic glutamate receptor ligands as possible anxiolytic and antidepressant drugs
Pałucha-Poniewiera, A., & Pilc, A. (2007) · Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2007.04.007 · Cited by 225
Defining and Measuring Functional Recovery from Depression
Greer, T. L., Kurian, B. T., & Trivedi, M. H. (2010) · CNS Drugs · doi:10.2165/11530230-000000000-00000 · Cited by 222
Reducing the Societal Burden of Depression: A Review of Economic Costs, Quality of Care and Effects of Treatment
Donohue, J. M., & Pincus, H. A. (2007) · PharmacoEconomics · doi:10.2165/00019053-200725010-00003 · Cited by 214
Comparative efficacy and acceptability of first-generation and second-generation antidepressants in the acute treatment of major depression: protocol for a network meta-analysis
Furukawa, T. A., Salanti, G., Atkinson, L. Z., Leucht, S., Ruhe, H. G., Turner, E. H., Chaimani, A., Ogawa, Y., Takeshima, N., Hayasaka, Y., et al. (2016) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2015-010919 · Cited by 214
The Public Health Impact of Major Depression: A Call for Interdisciplinary Prevention Efforts
McLaughlin, K. A. (2011) · Prevention Science · doi:10.1007/s11121-011-0231-8 · Cited by 213
Fluvoxamine versus other anti-depressive agents for depression
Omori, I. M., Watanabe, N., Nakagawa, A., Cipriani, A., Barbui, C., McGuire, H., Churchill, R. C., & Furukawa, T. A. (2010) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd006114.pub2 · Cited by 213
Increased Signaling via Adenosine A1 Receptors, Sleep Deprivation, Imipramine, and Ketamine Inhibit Depressive-like Behavior via Induction of Homer1a
Serchov, T., Clement, H.-W., Schwarz, M. K., Iasevoli, F., Tosh, D. K., Idzko, M., Jacobson, K. A., de Bartolomeis, A., Normann, C., Biber, K., et al. (2015) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2015.07.010 · Cited by 210
Mental Ill-Health and the Differential Effect of Employee Type on Absenteeism and Presenteeism
Hilton, M. F., Scuffham, P., Sheridan, J. S., Cleary, C. M., & Whiteford, H. (2008) · Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1097/jom.0b013e31818c30a8 · Cited by 206
Feeling blue or turquoise? Emotional differentiation in major depressive disorder
Demiralp, E., Thompson, R. J., Mata, J., Jaeggi, S. M., Buschkuehl, M., Barrett, L. F., Ellsworth, P. C., Demiralp, M., Hernandez-Garcia, L., Deldin, P. J., et al. (2012) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0956797612444903 · Cited by 205
Screening and case finding instruments for depression
Gilbody, S., House, A., & Sheldon, T. (2005) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd002792.pub2 · Cited by 205
Strategies to Improve the Management of Depression in Primary Care
Unützer, J., & Park, M. (2012) · Primary Care Clinics in Office Practice · doi:10.1016/j.pop.2012.03.010 · Cited by 205
Rasch model analysis of the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scales (DASS)
Shea, T. L., Tennant, A., & Pallant, J. (2009) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/1471-244x-9-21 · Cited by 203
The effect of adalimumab on reducing depression symptoms in patients with moderate to severe psoriasis: A randomized clinical trial
Menter, A., Augustin, M., Signorovitch, J., Yu, A. P., Wu, E. Q., Gupta, S. R., Bao, Y., & Mulani, P. M. (2010) · Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology · doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2009.07.022 · Cited by 200
Epidemiology of Major Depressive Disorder in Mainland China: A Systematic Review
Gu, L., Xie, J., Long, J., Chen, Q., Chen, Q., Pan, R., Yan, Y., Wu, G., Liang, B., Tan, J., et al. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0065356 · Cited by 199
Prevalence and Effects of Mood Disorders on Work Performance in a Nationally Representative Sample of U.S. Workers
Kessler, R. C., Akiskal, H. S., Ames, M., Birnbaum, H., Greenberg, P., .A, R. M., Jin, R., Merikangas, K. R., Simon, G. E., & Wang, P. S. (2006) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.163.9.1561 · Cited by 868
Self-citation
Mice selected for high versus low stress reactivity: A new animal model for affective disorders
Touma, C., Bunck, M., Glasl, L., Nußbaumer, M., Palme, R., Stein, H., Wolferstätter, M., Zeh, R., Zimbelmann, M., Holsboer, F., et al. (2008) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2008.03.013 · Cited by 194
Depressive Symptomatology and Mental Health Help-Seeking Patterns of U.S.- and Foreign-Born Mothers
Huang, Z. J., Wong, F. Y., Ronzio, C. R., & Yu, S. M. (2006) · Maternal and Child Health Journal · doi:10.1007/s10995-006-0168-x · Cited by 193
Attention bias modification for major depressive disorder: Effects on attention bias, resting state connectivity, and symptom change.
Beevers, C. G., Clasen, P. C., Enock, P. M., & Schnyer, D. M. (2015) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/abn0000049 · Cited by 192
Genetics of Affective and Anxiety Disorders
Leonardo, E. D., & Hen, R. (2005) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.57.102904.190118 · Cited by 191
US cost burden of ischemic stroke: a systematic literature review.
Demaerschalk, B. M., Hwang, H. M., & Leung, G. (2010) · PubMed · Cited by 190
Job Stress, Depression, Work Performance, and Perceptions of Supervisors in Military Personnel
Pflanz, S. E., & Ogle, A. D. (2006) · Military Medicine · doi:10.7205/milmed.171.9.861 · Cited by 190
Incontinence Severity and Major Depression in Incontinent Women
Melville, J., Delaney, K. M., Newton, K. M., & Katon, W. J. (2005) · Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1097/01.aog.0000173985.39533.37 · Cited by 189
The neurobiology of the EEG biomarker as a predictor of treatment response in depression
Baskaran, A., Milev, R. V., & McIntyre, R. S. (2012) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2012.04.021 · Cited by 182
Case Management for Depression by Health Care Assistants in Small Primary Care Practices: A Cluster Randomized Trial
Gensichen, J., von Korff, M., Peitz, M., Muth, C., Beyer, M., Güthlin, C., Torge, M., Petersen, J. J., Rosemann, T., König, J., et al. (2009) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-151-6-200909150-00001 · Cited by 181
Cognitive dysfunction in major depressive disorder: a state-of-the-art clinical review
Bortolato, B., Carvalho, A., & McIntyre, R. (2015) · CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets · doi:10.2174/1871527313666141130203823 · Cited by 181
The impact of work environment on mood disorders and suicide: Evidence and implications
Woo, J., & Postolache, T. T. (2008) · International Journal on Disability and Human Development · doi:10.1515/ijdhd.2008.7.2.185 · Cited by 181
Comparative effectiveness of biomarkers and clinical indicators for predicting outcomes of SSRI treatment in Major Depressive Disorder: Results of the BRITE-MD study
Leuchter, A. F., Cook, I. A., Marangell, L. B., Gilmer, W. S., Burgoyne, K. S., Howland, R. H., Trivedi, M. H., Zisook, S., Jain, R., McCracken, J. T., et al. (2009) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2009.06.004 · Cited by 181
Missing clinical and behavioral health data in a large electronic health record (EHR) system
Madden, J. M., Lakoma, M. D., Rusinak, D., Lu, C. Y., & Soumerai, S. B. (2016) · Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association · doi:10.1093/jamia/ocw021 · Cited by 181
THE EFFECT OF MENTAL HEALTH ON EMPLOYMENT: EVIDENCE FROM AUSTRALIAN PANEL DATA
Frijters, P., Johnston, D. W., & Shields, M. A. (2014) · Health Economics · doi:10.1002/hec.3083 · Cited by 176
A critical review of the mechanism of action for the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors: Do these drugs possess anti-inflammatory properties and how relevant is this in the treatment of depression?
Walker, F. R. (2013) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2012.10.002 · Cited by 175
Pain and depression comorbidity: A preclinical perspective
Li, J. (2014) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2014.04.042 · Cited by 175
Costs and consequences of enhanced primary care for depression
Gilbody, S. M., Bower, P., & Whitty, P. (2006) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.105.016006 · Cited by 175
Association of a corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 1 haplotype and antidepressant treatment response in Mexican-Americans
Licinio, J., O'Kirwan, F., Irizarry, K. J. L., Merriman, B., Thakur, S., Jepson, R., Lake, S. L., Tantisira, K. G., Weiss, S. T., & Wong, M. (2004) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4001587 · Cited by 173
Duloxetine versus other anti-depressive agents for depression
Cipriani, A., Koesters, M., Furukawa, T. A., Nosè, M., Purgato, M., Omori, I. M., Trespidi, C., & Barbui, C. (2012) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd006533.pub2 · Cited by 172
Work Performance of Employees with Depression: The Impact of Work Stressors
Lerner, D., Adler, D. A., Rogers, W. H., Chang, G., Lapitsky, L., McLaughlin, T., & Reed, J. (2010) · American Journal of Health Promotion · doi:10.4278/ajhp.090313-quan-103 · Cited by 171
The long-run effect of maternity leave benefits on mental health: Evidence from European countries
Avendaño, M., Berkman, L. F., Brugiavini, A., & Pasini, G. (2015) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2015.02.037 · Cited by 170
Abnormal reward functioning across substance use disorders and major depressive disorder: Considering reward as a transdiagnostic mechanism
Baskin-sommers, A. R., & Foti, D. (2015) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2015.01.011 · Cited by 173
Long-term effects of mental disorders on employment in the National Comorbidity Survey ten-year follow-up
Mojtabai, R., Stuart, E. A., Hwang, I. H., Susukida, R., Eaton, W. W., Sampson, N. A., & Kessler, R. C. (2015) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-015-1097-z · Cited by 169
Self-citation
Recent trends in the incidence of recorded depression in primary care
Rait, G., Walters, K., Griffin, M., Buszewicz, M., Petersen, I., & Nazareth, I. (2009) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.108.058636 · Cited by 168
The economic burden of depression in the US: societal and patient perspectives
Greenberg, P. E., & Birnbaum, H. G. (2005) · Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1517/14656566.6.3.369 · Cited by 166
Self-citation
Spontaneous Thought and Vulnerability to Mood Disorders: The Dark Side of the Wandering Mind
Marchetti, I., Koster, E. H. W., Klinger, E., & Alloy, L. B. (2016) · Clinical Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/2167702615622383 · Cited by 165
What Predicts Positive Life Events that Influence the Course of Depression? A Longitudinal Examination of Gratitude and Meaning in Life
Disabato, D. J., Kashdan, T. B., Short, J. L., & Jarden, A. (2016) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-016-9785-x · Cited by 165
Omega-3 Fatty Acid Augmentation of Citalopram Treatment for Patients With Major Depressive Disorder
Gertsik, L., Poland, R. E., Bresee, C., & Rapaport, M. H. (2012) · Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1097/jcp.0b013e31823f3b5f · Cited by 162
Additional considerations are required when preparing a protocol for a systematic review with multiple interventions
Chaimani, A., Caldwell, D. M., Li, T., Higgins, J. P. T., & Salanti, G. (2017) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2016.11.015 · Cited by 162
Depression: the benefits of early and appropriate treatment.
Halfin, A. (2007) · PubMed · Cited by 161
Public Policy and the Challenge of Chronic Noncommunicable DiseasesPreprint
Adeyi, O., Smith, O., & Robles, S. C. (2007) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics · Cited by 160
The translational neural circuitry of anxiety
Robinson, O. J., Pike, A. C., Cornwell, B., & Grillon, C. (2019) · Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp-2019-321400 · Cited by 158
Serotonin transporter gene moderates childhood maltreatment's effects on persistent but not single-episode depression: Replications and implications for resolving inconsistent results
Uher, R., Caspi, A., Houts, R., Sugden, K., Williams, B. S., Poulton, R., & Moffitt, T. E. (2011) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2011.03.010 · Cited by 157
The double edged sword of neural plasticity: increasing serotonin levels leads to both greater vulnerability to depression and improved capacity to recover
Branchi, I. (2011) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2010.08.011 · Cited by 156
Psychological therapies for treatment-resistant depression in adults
Ijaz, S., Davies, P., Williams, C. J., Kessler, D., Lewis, G., & Wiles, N. (2018) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd010558.pub2 · Cited by 155
Impact of pain on the outcomes of depression treatment: Results from the RESPECT trial
Kroenke, K., Shen, J., Oxman, T. E., Williams, J. W., & Dietrich, A. J. (2007) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2007.09.021 · Cited by 155
The Prevention of Depression in Children and Adolescents: A Review
Gladstone, T. R. G., & Beardslee, W. R. (2009) · The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/070674370905400402 · Cited by 154
Effect of psychotherapy for depression on quality of life: meta-analysis
Kolovos, S., Kleiboer, A., & Cuijpers, P. (2016) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.115.175059 · Cited by 153
Mental Health Benefits of Strength Training in Adults
O'Connor, P. J., Herring, M. P., & Caravalho, A. (2010) · American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine · doi:10.1177/1559827610368771 · Cited by 153
Inflammation, Obesity, and Metabolic Syndrome in Depression: Analysis of the 2009-2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES)
Rethorst, C. D., Bernstein, I., & Trivedi, M. H. (2014) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.14m09009 · Cited by 152
Prospective study of cardiorespiratory fitness and depressive symptoms in women and men
Sui, X., Laditka, J. N., Church, T. S., Hardin, J. W., Chase, N. L., Davis, K. E., & Blair, S. N. (2008) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2008.08.002 · Cited by 150
The Prevention of Adolescent Depression
Gladstone, T. R. G., Beardslee, W. R., & O’Connor, E. (2011) · Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.psc.2010.11.015 · Cited by 150
A randomized controlled trial of sertraline for the treatment of depression in persons with traumatic brain injury
Ashman, T. A., Cantor, J. B., Gordon, W. A., Spielman, L., Flanagan, S., Ginsberg, A., Engmann, C., Egan, M., Ambrose, F., & Greenwald, B. (2009) · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2008.11.005 · Cited by 149
The economic burden of depression in Sweden from 1997 to 2005
Sobocki, P., Lekander, I., Borgström, F., Ström, O., & Runeson, B. (2006) · European Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2006.10.006 · Cited by 149
Predictors of Attrition During Initial (Citalopram) Treatment for Depression: A STAR*D Report
Warden, D., Trivedi, M. H., Wisniewski, S. R., Davis, L. L., Nierenberg, A. A., Gaynes, B. N., Zisook, S., Hollon, S. D., Balasubramani, G. K., Howland, R. H., et al. (2007) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2007.06071225 · Cited by 148
Antidepressant‐like effect induced by systemic and intra‐hippocampal administration of DNA methylation inhibitors
Sales, A. J., Biojone, C., Terceti, M. S., Guimarães, F. S., Gomes, M. V., & Joca, S. R. (2011) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01489.x · Cited by 147
Depression hurts, depression costs: The medical spending attributable to depression and depressive symptoms in China
Hsieh, C., & Qin, X. (2017) · Health Economics · doi:10.1002/hec.3604 · Cited by 147
Biomarkers to Predict Antidepressant Response
Leuchter, A. F., Cook, I. A., Hamilton, S. P., Narr, K. L., Toga, A. W., Hunter, A. M., Faull, K. F., Whitelegge, J. P., Andrews, A. M., Loo, J., et al. (2010) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-010-0160-4 · Cited by 146
The Prevalence, Measurement, and Treatment of the Cognitive Dimension/Domain in Major Depressive Disorder
McIntyre, R. S., Xiao, H. X., Syeda, K., Vinberg, M., Carvalho, A. F., Mansur, R. B., Maruschak, N., & Cha, D. S. (2015) · CNS Drugs · doi:10.1007/s40263-015-0263-x · Cited by 145
Enhancing adherence in clinical research
Robiner, W. N. (2005) · Contemporary Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/j.cct.2004.11.015 · Cited by 145
Characterization of Treatment Resistant Depression Episodes in a Cohort of Patients from a US Commercial Claims Database
Kubitz, N., Mehra, M., Potluri, R. C., Garg, N., & Cossrow, N. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0076882 · Cited by 144
Validity of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale as a screening instrument of major depressive disorder among Japanese workers
Wada, K., Tanaka, K., Theriault, G., Satoh, T., Mimura, M., Miyaoka, H., & Aizawa, Y. (2007) · American Journal of Industrial Medicine · doi:10.1002/ajim.20403 · Cited by 143
Prevalence of Anxiety and Depression among Outpatients with Type 2 Diabetes in the Mexican Population
Tovilla‐Zárate, C. A., Juárez‐Rojop, I. E., Peralta-Jiménez, Y., Jiménez, M. A., Vázquez, S., Bermudez‐Ocaña, D. Y., Ramón-Frías, T., Mendoza, A. D. G., García, S. P., & López‐Narváez, M. L. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0036887 · Cited by 143
Neurobiological Mechanisms of Stress Resilience and Implications for the Aged Population
Faye, C., McGowan, J. C., Denny, C. A., & David, D. J. P. (2018) · Current Neuropharmacology · doi:10.2174/1570159x15666170818095105 · Cited by 143
Estimating the costs of medicalization
Conrad, P., Mackie, T. I., & Mehrotra, A. (2010) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2010.02.019 · Cited by 142
Adult depression screening in Saudi primary care: prevalence, instrument and cost
Al-Qadhi, W., Rahman, S. U., Ferwana, M. S., & Abdulmajeed, I. (2014) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/1471-244x-14-190 · Cited by 142
Occupational Therapy Interventions for Employment and Education for Adults With Serious Mental Illness: A Systematic Review
Arbesman, M., & Logsdon, D. W. (2011) · American Journal of Occupational Therapy · doi:10.5014/ajot.2011.001289 · Cited by 141
Mood-linked responses in medial prefrontal cortex predict relapse in patients with recurrent unipolar depression
Farb, N. A. S., Anderson, A. K., Bloch, R. T., & Segal, Z. V. (2011) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2011.03.009 · Cited by 141
Non-pharmacological treatment of depression: a systematic review and evidence map
Farah, W. H., Alsawas, M., Mainou, M., Alahdab, F., Farah, M. H., Ahmed, A. T., Mohamed, E. A., Almasri, J., Gionfriddo, M. R., Castaneda-Guarderas, A., et al. (2016) · Evidence Based Medicine · doi:10.1136/ebmed-2016-110522 · Cited by 141
Men, Work, and Mental Health: A Systematic Review of Depression in Male-dominated Industries and Occupations
ROCHE, A. M., Pidd, K., Fischer, J. A., Lee, N., Scarfe, A. J., & Kostadinov, V. (2016) · Safety and Health at Work · doi:10.1016/j.shaw.2016.04.005 · Cited by 140
Estimated Costs of Prescription Opioid Analgesic Abuse in the United States in 2001
Birnbaum, H. G., White, A. G., Reynolds, J. L., Greenberg, P. E., Zhang, M., Vallow, S., Schein, J. R., & Katz, N. P. (2006) · Clinical Journal of Pain · doi:10.1097/01.ajp.0000210915.80417.cf · Cited by 139
Self-citation
Home sweet home: Working from home and employee performance during the COVID-19 pandemic in the UK
Deole, S. S., Deter, M., & Huang, Y. (2022) · Labour Economics · doi:10.1016/j.labeco.2022.102295 · Cited by 139
Estimating the global treatment rates for depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Mekonen, T., Chan, G. C. K., Connor, J. P., Hides, L., & Leung, J. (2021) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2021.09.038 · Cited by 137
Extended Release Quetiapine Fumarate Monotherapy in Major Depressive Disorder
Cutler, A. J., Montgomery, S., Feifel, D., Lazarus, A. L., Åström, M., & Brecher, M. (2009) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.08m04592 · Cited by 137
Measuring the Latency of Depression Detection in Social Media
Sadeque, F., Xu, D., & Bethard, S. J. (2018) · ACM International Conference on Web Search and Data Mining (WSDM) · doi:10.1145/3159652.3159725 · Cited by 137
The Economic Cost of Methamphetamine Use in the United States, 2005
Nicosia, N., Pacula, R., Kilmer, B., Lundberg, R., & Chiesa, J. (2009) · doi:10.7249/mg829 · Cited by 136
Impact of Depression on Work Productivity and Its Improvement after Outpatient Treatment with Antidepressants
Woo, J., Kim, W. B., Hwang, T.-Y., Frick, K. D., Choi, B. H., Seo, Y.-J., Kang, E.-H., Kim, S. J., Ham, B., Lee, J., et al. (2011) · Value in Health · doi:10.1016/j.jval.2010.11.006 · Cited by 136
Evidence-based treatments for depression and anxiety versus treatment-as-usual: A meta-analysis of direct comparisons
Wampold, B. E., Budge, S. L., Laska, K. M., Del Re, A. C., Baardseth, T. P., Flűckiger, C., Minami, T., Kivlighan, D. M., & Gunn, W. (2011) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2011.07.012 · Cited by 134
The Depression Treatment Cascade in Primary Care: A Public Health Perspective
Pence, B. W., O’Donnell, J. K., & Gaynes, B. N. (2012) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-012-0274-y · Cited by 133
Direct and indirect costs of employees with treatment-resistant and non-treatment-resistant major depressive disorder
Ivanova, J. I., Birnbaum, H. G., Kidolezi, Y., Subramanian, G., Khan, S., & Stensland, M. D. (2010) · Current Medical Research and Opinion · doi:10.1185/03007995.2010.517716 · Cited by 133
Self-citation
The Effect of Synbiotic as an Adjuvant Therapy to Fluoxetine in Moderate Depression: A Randomized Multicenter Trial
Ghorbani, Z., Nazari, S., Etesam, F., Nouri-Majd, S., Ahmadpanah, M., & Jahromi, S. R. (2018) · Archives of Neuroscience · doi:10.5812/archneurosci.60507 · Cited by 133
Effects of Psychiatric Disorders on Labor Market Outcomes: A Latent Variable Approach Using Multiple Clinical Indicators
Banerjee, S., Chatterji, P., & Lahiri, K. (2015) · Health Economics · doi:10.1002/hec.3286 · Cited by 131
Do Productivity Costs Matter?
Krol, M., Papenburg, J., Koopmanschap, M. A., & Brouwer, W. B. F. (2011) · PharmacoEconomics · doi:10.2165/11539970-000000000-00000 · Cited by 130
Interventions to improve occupational health in depressed people
Nieuwenhuijsen, K., Bültmann, U., Neumeyer-Gromen, A., Verhoeven, A. C., Verbeek, J. H., & Feltz-Cornelis, C. M. (2008) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd006237.pub2 · Cited by 129
Depression, antidepressants and suicidality: a critical appraisal
Licinio, J., & Wong, M. (2005) · Nature Reviews Drug Discovery · doi:10.1038/nrd1634 · Cited by 129
Repeated Ketamine Exposure Induces an Enduring Resilient Phenotype in Adolescent and Adult Rats
Parise, E. M., Parise, L. F., Warren, B. L., Wright, K. N., Hadad, R., Sial, O. K., Kroeck, K. G., Iñiguez, S. D., & Bolaños‐Guzmán, C. A. (2013) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.04.027 · Cited by 129
Routledge Handbook of Physical Activity and Mental Health
Panteleimon Ekkekakis, A. (2013) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203132678 · Cited by 128
A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial of a Nutrition Intervention Program in a Multiethnic Adult Population in the Corporate Setting Reduces Depression and Anxiety and Improves Quality of Life: The GEICO Study
Agarwal, U., Mishra, S., Xu, J. Y., Levin, S., Gonzales, J. F., & Barnard, N. D. (2014) · American Journal of Health Promotion · doi:10.4278/ajhp.130218-quan-72 · Cited by 128
Evidence for IL-1 receptor blockade as a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of depression.
Koo, J. W., & Duman, R. S. (2009) · PubMed · Cited by 128
Estimating the Economic Burden of Depression in Children and Adolescents
Lynch, F. L., & Clarke, G. N. (2006) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2006.07.001 · Cited by 127
Stressful Life Events, Chronic Difficulties, and the Symptoms of Clinical Depression
Muscatell, K. A., Slavich, G. M., Monroe, S. M., & Gotlib, I. H. (2009) · Journal of Nervous & Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/nmd.0b013e318199f77b · Cited by 126
Clinical, Social, and Economic Impacts of Home Parenteral Nutrition Dependence in Short Bowel Syndrome
Winkler, M. F., & Smith, C. E. (2014) · Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition · doi:10.1177/0148607113517717 · Cited by 126

Authors: Greenberg, P. E., Kessler, R. C., Birnbaum, H. G., Leong, S. A., Lowe, S. W., Berglund, P. A., & Corey-Lisle, P. K.
Affiliations: Analysis Group (United States) (US)
Harvard University (US)
University of Michigan (US)
ORCID: Kessler, Ronald C.
Leong, Stephanie A.
Berglund, Patricia A.
Venue: The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry
Publisher: Physicians Postgraduate Press, Inc
Published: 2003-12-15
Volume: 64
Issue: 12
Pages: 1465-1475
ISSN: 0160-6689 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.4088/jcp.v64n1211
OpenAlex: W2011003051
Cited by: 1,280
References: 49
Citations by year: 2026: 5 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 26 · 2022: 33 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 31 · 2019: 42 · 2018: 53 · 2017: 74 · 2016: 76 · 2015: 76 · 2014: 94 · 2013: 94 · 2012: 102
FWCI: 53.83
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Mental Health Treatment and Access
Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life
Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Treatment of Major Depression
Keywords: depression, economic burden, direct medical costs, human capital approach, treatment rates
MeSH terms: Costs and Cost Analysis, Cross-Sectional Studies, Depressive Disorder, Health Expenditures, Forecasting, Humans, Suicide, United States, Workplace, Cost of Illness

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

The Economic Burden of Depression in the United States: How Did It Change Between 1990 and 2000?

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks