FGF21 as a Stress Hormone: The Roles of FGF21 in Stress Adaptation and the Treatment of Metabolic Diseases
Open accessAbstract
Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is an endocrine hormone that is primarily expressed in the liver and exerts beneficial effects on obesity and related metabolic diseases. In addition to its remarkable pharmacologic actions, the physiological roles of FGF21 include the maintenance of energy homeostasis in the body in conditions of metabolic or environmental stress. The expression of FGF21 is induced in multiple organs in response to diverse physiological or pathological stressors, such as starvation, nutrient excess, autophagy deficiency, mitochondrial stress, exercise, and cold exposure. Thus, the FGF21 induction caused by stress plays an important role in adaptive response to these stimuli. Here, we highlight our current understanding of the functional importance of the induction of FGF21 by diverse stressors as a feedback mechanism that prevents excessive stress.
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FGF21 is induced under conditions of metabolic stress (e.g., fasting, cold) and under many conditions of cellular stress.
“Although FGF21 is induced under conditions of metabolic stress (e.g., fasting, cold), it is also induced under many conditions of cellular stress, leading FGF21 to be referred to in some contexts as a stress hormone (69).”
From Fibroblast Growth Factor 21: A Versatile Regulator of Metabolic Homeostasis (2018) · cites this paper as [69]
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- Authors
- Kim, K. H., & Lee, M.-S.
- Affiliations
- Samsung Medical Center (KR)
- Corresponding author
- Lee, Myung-Shik
- Venue
- Diabetes & Metabolism Journal
- Publisher
- Korean Diabetes Association
- Published
- 2014
- Volume
- 38
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 245
- ISSN
- 2233-6079 (ISSN-L)
- 2233-6087
- PMC
- PMC4160577
- OpenAlex
- W2160488327
- Cited by
- 146
- References
- 56
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 15
- FWCI
- 1.26
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Diabetes & Metabolism Journal (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- National Research Foundation of Korea (2013R1A6A3A04065825, K21004000003-10A0500-00310)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Fibroblast Growth Factor Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rheumatology › GDF15 and Related Biomarkers
- Keywords
- FGF21, stress hormones, stress adaptation, metabolic disorders, obesity, energy homeostasis, starvation, nutrient excess, autophagy dysfunction, mitochondrial stress, physical activity, cold exposure, liver
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