The Circulating Metabolic Regulator FGF21 Is Induced by Prolonged Fasting and PPARα Activation in Man
Open accessAbstract
FGF21 is a critical metabolic regulator, pivotal for fasting adaptation and directly regulated by PPARalpha in rodents. However, the physiological role of FGF21 in man is not yet defined and was investigated in our study. Serum FGF21 varied 250-fold among 76 healthy individuals and did not relate to age, gender, body mass index (BMI), serum lipids, or plasma glucose. FGF21 levels had no diurnal variation and were unrelated to bile acid or cholesterol synthesis. Ketosis induced by a 2 day fast or feeding a ketogenic diet (KD) did not influence FGF21 levels, whereas a 74% increase occurred after 7 days of fasting. Hypertriglyceridemic nondiabetic patients had 2-fold elevated FGF21 levels, which were further increased by 28% during fenofibrate treatment. FGF21 circulates in human plasma and increases by extreme fasting and PPARalpha activation. The wide interindividual variation and the induction of ketogenesis independent of FGF21 levels indicate that the physiological role of FGF21 in humans may differ from that in mice.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Ketogenic diets do not induce plasma FGF21 levels in humans.
“ketogenic diets do not induce plasma FGF21 levels in humans26,30,34”
From Metabolic messengers: FGF21 (2021) · cites this paper as [30]
Starvation, high sugar intake, and dietary protein restriction all induce circulating FGF21 levels in humans.
“Starvation30,31, high sugar intake32,33 and dietary protein restriction26 all induce circulating FGF21 levels in humans.”
From Metabolic messengers: FGF21 (2021) · cites this paper as [30]
Circulating FGF21 levels are induced in humans during prolonged fasting.
“Consistent with data from rodents, circulating levels of FGF21 are also induced in humans during prolonged fasting (33, 42).”
From Fibroblast Growth Factor 21: A Versatile Regulator of Metabolic Homeostasis (2018) · cites this paper as [42]
Circulating FGF21 levels fail to increase in humans in response to a ketogenic diet.
“Importantly, it is unclear whether there is any translational relevance of FGF21 to the beneficial effects of ketogenic diets in humans because circulating FGF21 levels fail to increase in humans in response to a ketogenic diet (19, 42, 73).”
From Fibroblast Growth Factor 21: A Versatile Regulator of Metabolic Homeostasis (2018) · cites this paper as [42]
The effect of fasting and ketogenic diets to increase FGF21 is not nearly as robust in humans as initially observed in mice.
“The effect of fasting and ketogenic diets to increase FGF21 is not nearly as robust in humans as initially observed in mice”
From FGF21 and the physiological regulation of macronutrient preference (2020) · cites this paper as [133]
Cites
Arnett, F. C., Edworthy, S. M., Bloch, D. A., McShane, D. J., Fries, J. F., Cooper, N. S., Healey, L. A., Kaplan, S. R., Liang, M. H., Luthra, H. S., et al. (1988) · Arthritis & Rheumatism · doi:10.1002/art.1780310302 · Cited by 19,753 · see citing works
FGF-21 as a novel metabolic regulator
Kharitonenkov, A., Shiyanova, T. L., Koester, A., Ford, A. M., Micanovic, R., Galbreath, E. J., Sandusky, G. E., Hammond, L. J., Moyers, J. S., Owens, R. A., et al. (2005) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci23606 · Cited by 2,125 · see citing works
Forman, B. M., Chen, J., & Evans, R. M. (1997) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.94.9.4312 · Cited by 2,116 · see citing works
Ornitz, D. M., & Itoh, N. (2001) · Genome biology · doi:10.1186/gb-2001-2-3-reviews3005 · Cited by 1,985 · see citing works
Fibroblast growth factor 15 functions as an enterohepatic signal to regulate bile acid homeostasis
Inagaki, T., Choi, M., Moschetta, A., Peng, L., Cummins, C. L., McDonald, J. G., Luo, G., Jones, S. A., Goodwin, B., Richardson, J. A., et al. (2005) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2005.09.001 · Cited by 1,865 · see citing works
Klotho converts canonical FGF receptor into a specific receptor for FGF23
Urakawa, I., Yamazaki, Y., Shimada, T., Iijima, K., Hasegawa, H., Okawa, K., Fujita, T., Fukumoto, S., & Yamashita, T. (2006) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature05315 · Cited by 1,846 · see citing works
Inagaki, T., Dutchak, P., Zhao, G., Ding, X., Gautron, L., Parameswara, V., Li, Y., Goetz, R., Mohammadi, M., Esser, V., et al. (2007) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2007.05.003 · Cited by 1,504 · see citing works
Badman, M. K., Pissios, P., Kennedy, A. R., Koukos, G., Flier, J. S., & Maratos-Flier, E. (2007) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2007.05.002 · Cited by 1,495 · see citing works
Cloning and characterization of FGF23 as a causative factor of tumor-induced osteomalacia
Shimada, T., Mizutani, S., Muto, T., Yoneya, T., Hino, R., Takeda, S., Takeuchi, Y., Fujita, T., Fukumoto, S., & Yamashita, T. (2001) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · doi:10.1073/pnas.101545198 · Cited by 1,391 · see citing works
Evolution of the Fgf and Fgfr gene families.
Itoh, N., & Ornitz, D. (2004) · Trends in Genetics · doi:10.1016/j.tig.2004.08.007 · Cited by 1,123 · see citing works
Zhang, X., Yeung, D. C. Y., Karpisek, M., Stejskal, D., Zhou, Z.-G., Liu, F., Wong, R. L. C., Chow, W.-S., Tso, A. W. K., Lam, K. S. L., et al. (2008) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db07-1476 · Cited by 908 · see citing works
Identification of a novel FGF, FGF-21, preferentially expressed in the liver
Nishimura, T., Nakatake, Y., Konishi, M., & Itoh, N. (2000) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Gene Structure and Expression · doi:10.1016/s0167-4781(00)00067-1 · Cited by 847 · see citing works
Kurosu, H., Choi, M., Ogawa, Y., Dickson, A. S., Goetz, R., Eliseenkova, A. V., Mohammadi, M., Rosenblatt, K. P., Kliewer, S. A., & Kuro-o, M. (2007) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m704165200 · Cited by 748 · see citing works
The metabolic state of diabetic monkeys is regulated by fibroblast growth factor-21
Kharitonenkov, A., Wroblewski, V. J., Koester, A., Chen, Y.-F., Clutinger, C. K., Tigno, X. T., Hansen, B. C., Shanafelt, A. B., & Etgen, G. J. (2007) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2006-1168 · Cited by 738 · see citing works
Self-citationβKlotho is required for metabolic activity of fibroblast growth factor 21
Ogawa, Y., Kurosu, H., Yamamoto, M., Nandi, A., Rosenblatt, K. P., Goetz, R., Eliseenkova, A. V., Mohammadi, M., & Kuro-o, M. (2007) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0701600104 · Cited by 617 · see citing works
Fu, L., John, L. M., Adams, S. H., Yu, X. X., Tomlinson, E., Renz, M. E., Williams, P. M., Soriano, R. H., Corpuz, R. T., Moffat, B., et al. (2004) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2003-1671 · Cited by 580 · see citing works
Tomlinson, E., Fu, L., John, L., Hultgren, B., Huang, X., Renz, M., Stephan, J. P., Tsai, S. P., Powell-Braxton, L., French, D., et al. (2002) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo.143.5.8850 · Cited by 576 · see citing works
Goetz, R., Beenken, A., Ibrahimi, O., Kalinina, J., Olsen, S., Eliseenkova, A. V., Xu, C.-F., Neubert, T., Zhang, F.-M., Linhardt, R., et al. (2007) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.02249-06 · Cited by 544 · see citing works
Lundåsen, T., Gälman, C., Angelin, B., & Rudling, M. J. (2006) · Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2796.2006.01731.x · Cited by 406 · see citing works
Self-citationPPARα is a key regulator of hepatic FGF21
Lundåsen, T., Hunt, M., Nilsson, L.-M., Sanyal, S., Angelin, B., Alexson, S., & Rudling, M. (2007) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.06.068 · Cited by 361 · see citing works
Self-citationMasuyama, R., Stockmans, I., Torrekens, S., Looveren, R. V., Maes, C., Carmeliet, P., Bouillon, R., & Carmeliet, G. (2006) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci29463 · Cited by 332 · see citing works
FGF‐21/FGF‐21 receptor interaction and activation is determined by βKlotho
Kharitonenkov, A., Dunbar, J. D., Bina, H. A., Bright, S. W., Moyers, J. S., Zhang, C., Ding, L., Micanovic, R., Mehrbod, S. F., Knierman, M. D., et al. (2007) · Journal of Cellular Physiology · doi:10.1002/jcp.21357 · Cited by 329 · see citing works
Self-citationFGF-19, A NOVEL FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTOR WITH UNIQUE SPECIFICITY FOR FGFR4
Xie, M.-H., Holcomb, I. N., Deuel, B., Dowd, P., Huang, A. J. Y., Vagts, A. J., Foster, J., Liang, J., Brush, J., Gu, Q., et al. (1999) · Cytokine · doi:10.1006/cyto.1999.0485 · Cited by 301 · see citing works
Liver-specific Activities of FGF19 Require Klotho beta
Lin, B. C., Wang, M., Blackmore, C. A., & Desnoyers, L. (2007) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m704244200 · Cited by 284 · see citing works
Sinha, S. R., & Kossoff, E. H. (2005) · The Neurologist · doi:10.1097/01.nrl.0000160818.58821.d2 · Cited by 245 · see citing works
Structure and expression of a novel human FGF, FGF-19, expressed in the fetal brain
Nishimura, T., Utsunomiya, Y., Hoshikawa, M., Ohuchi, H., & Itoh, N. (1999) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Gene Structure and Expression · doi:10.1016/s0167-4781(98)00255-3 · Cited by 235 · see citing works
Gälman, C., Angelin, B., & Rudling, M. J. (2005) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2005.09.009 · Cited by 221 · see citing works
Self-citationGälman, C., Arvidsson, I., Angelin, B., & Rudling, M. (2003) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1194/jlr.d200043-jlr200 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Self-citationChen, W.-W., Li, L., Yang, G.-Y., Li, K., Qi, X.-Y., Zhu, W., Tang, Y., Liu, H., & Boden, G. (2007) · Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes · doi:10.1055/s-2007-985148 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
FGF23 is a hormone-regulating phosphate metabolism—Unique biological characteristics of FGF23
Fukumoto, S., & Yamashita, T. (2007) · Bone · doi:10.1016/j.bone.2006.12.062 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Co-receptor Requirements for Fibroblast Growth Factor-19 Signaling
Wu, X., Ge, H., Gupte, J., Weiszmann, J., Shimamoto, G., Stevens, J., Hawkins, N., Lemon, B., Shen, W., Xu, J., et al. (2007) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.c700130200 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Hafström, I., Ringertz, B., Gyllenhammar, H., Palmblad, J. E. W., & Harms‐Ringdahl, M. (1988) · Arthritis & Rheumatism · doi:10.1002/art.1780310502 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Self-citationActions and Mode of Actions of FGF19 Subfamily Members
Fukumoto, S. (2008) · Endocrine Journal · doi:10.1507/endocrj.kr07e-002 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
FGF21: A Missing Link in the Biology of Fasting
Reitman, M. L. (2007) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2007.05.010 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Fibroblast Growth Factor-21 as a Therapeutic Agent for Metabolic Diseases
Kharitonenkov, A., & Shanafelt, A. B. (2008) · BioDrugs · doi:10.2165/00063030-200822010-00004 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Self-citationDahlin, M. G., Hjelte, L., Nilsson, S., & Åmark, P. E. (2006) · Epilepsy Research · doi:10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2006.10.005 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Self-citationArner, P., Sjöberg, S., Nordin, C., & Eriksson, M. (2003) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/s0195-6663(03)00081-3 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The FGF family: biology, pathophysiology and therapy
Beenken, A., & Mohammadi, M. (2009) · Nature Reviews Drug Discovery · doi:10.1038/nrd2792 · Cited by 1,945 · see citing works
Effects of intermittent fasting on health, aging, and disease
de Cabo, R., & Mattson, M. P. (2019) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmra1905136 · Cited by 1,605 · see citing works
Xu, J., Lloyd, D. J., Hale, C., Stanislaus, S., Chen, M., Sivits, G., Vonderfecht, S., Hecht, R., Li, Y.-S., Lindberg, R. A., et al. (2009) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db08-0392 · Cited by 1,151 · see citing works
The effects of LY2405319, an FGF21 analog, in obese human subjects with type 2 diabetes
Gaich, G., Chien, J. Y., Fu, H., Glass, L. C., Deeg, M. A., Holland, W. L., Kharitonenkov, A., Bumol, T., Schilske, H. K., & Moller, D. E. (2013) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2013.08.005 · Cited by 885 · see citing works
Self-citationPotthoff, M. J., Inagaki, T., Satapati, S., Ding, X., He, T., Goetz, R., Mohammadi, M., Finck, B. N., Mangelsdorf, D. J., Kliewer, S. A., et al. (2009) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0904187106 · Cited by 704 · see citing works
Thermogenic Activation Induces FGF21 Expression and Release in Brown Adipose Tissue
Hondares, E., Iglesias, R., Giralt, A., Gonzalez, F. J., Giralt, M., Mampel, T., & Villarroya, F. (2011) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m110.215889 · Cited by 623 · see citing works
The therapeutic potential of FGF21 in metabolic diseases: from bench to clinic
Geng, L., Lam, K. S. L., & Xu, A. (2020) · Nature Reviews Endocrinology · doi:10.1038/s41574-020-0386-0 · Cited by 607 · see citing works
Increased Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 in Obesity and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Dushay, J., Chui, P. C., Gopalakrishnan, G. S., Varela–Rey, M., Crawley, M., Fisher, F. M., Badman, M. K., Martinez–Chantar, M. L., & Maratos–Flier, E. (2010) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2010.04.054 · Cited by 607 · see citing works
FGF21 is an endocrine signal of protein restriction
Laeger, T., Henagan, T. M., Albarado, D. C., Redman, L. M., Bray, G. A., Noland, R. C., Münzberg, H., Hutson, S. M., Gettys, T. W., Schwartz, M. W., et al. (2014) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci74915 · Cited by 593 · see citing works
Endocrine fibroblast growth factors 15/19 and 21: from feast to famine
Potthoff, M. J., Kliewer, S. A., & Mangelsdorf, D. J. (2012) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.184788.111 · Cited by 442 · see citing works
Suomalainen, A., Elo, J. M., Pietiläinen, K. H., Hakonen, A. H., Sevastianova, K., Korpela, M., Isohanni, P., Marjavaara, S. K., Tyni, T., Kiuru-Enari, S., et al. (2011) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(11)70155-7 · Cited by 427 · see citing works
Therapeutic potential of the endocrine fibroblast growth factors FGF19, FGF21 and FGF23
Degirolamo, C., Sabbà, C., & Moschetta, A. (2016) · Nature Reviews Drug Discovery · doi:10.1038/nrd.2015.9 · Cited by 424 · see citing works
FGF21 is an Akt‐regulated myokine
Izumiya, Y., Bina, H. A., Ouchi, N., Akasaki, Y., Kharitonenkov, A., & Walsh, K. (2008) · FEBS Letters · doi:10.1016/j.febslet.2008.10.021 · Cited by 415 · see citing works
Self-citationHondares, E., Rosell, M., Gonzalez, F. J., Giralt, M., Iglesias, R., & Villarroya, F. (2010) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2010.02.001 · Cited by 377 · see citing works
Regulation of Ketone Body Metabolism and the Role of PPARα
Grabacka, M., Pierzchalska, M., Dean, M., & Reiss, K. (2016) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms17122093 · Cited by 305 · see citing works
Flippo, K. H., & Potthoff, M. J. (2021) · Nature Metabolism · doi:10.1038/s42255-021-00354-2 · Cited by 311 · see citing works
Liang, Q., Zhong, L., Zhang, J., Wang, Y., Bornstein, S. R., Triggle, C. R., Ding, H., Lam, K. S. L., & Xu, A. (2014) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db14-0541 · Cited by 299 · see citing works
Acute Exercise Induces FGF21 Expression in Mice and in Healthy Humans
Kim, K. H., Kim, S. H., Min, Y.-K., Yang, H.-M., Lee, J.-B., & Lee, M.-S. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0063517 · Cited by 290 · see citing works
Tissue-specific actions of the metabolic hormones FGF15/19 and FGF21
Owen, B. M., Mangelsdorf, D. J., & Kliewer, S. A. (2015) · Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.tem.2014.10.002 · Cited by 286 · see citing works
Fibroblast Growth Factor 21—Metabolic Role in Mice and Men
Staiger, H., Keuper, M., Berti, L., Hrabě de Angelis, M., & Häring, H.-U. (2017) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.2017-00016 · Cited by 270 · see citing works
Activating transcription factor 4-dependent induction of FGF21 during amino acid deprivation
De Sousa-Coelho, A. L., Marrero, P. F., & Haro, D. (2012) · Biochemical Journal · doi:10.1042/bj20111748 · Cited by 246 · see citing works
Fructose ingestion acutely stimulates circulating FGF21 levels in humans
Dushay, J. R., Toschi, E., Mitten, E. K., Fisher, F. M., Herman, M. A., & Maratos-Flier, E. (2015) · Molecular Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.molmet.2014.09.008 · Cited by 233 · see citing works
FGF21 contributes to neuroendocrine control of female reproduction
Owen, B. M., Bookout, A. L., Ding, X., Lin, V. Y., Atkin, S. D., Gautron, L., Kliewer, S. A., & Mangelsdorf, D. J. (2013) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm.3250 · Cited by 230 · see citing works
FGF21 is a biomarker for mitochondrial translation and mtDNA maintenance disorders
Lehtonen, J. M., Forsström, S., Bottani, E., Viscomi, C., Baris, O. R., Isoniemi, H., Höckerstedt, K., Österlund, P., Hurme, M., Jylhävä, J., et al. (2016) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0000000000003374 · Cited by 220 · see citing works
Tanaka, T., Ngwa, J. S., van Rooij, F. J., Zillikens, M. C., Wojczynski, M. K., Frazier-Wood, A. C., Houston, D. K., Kanoni, S., Lemaitre, R. N., Luan, J., et al. (2013) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.112.052183 · Cited by 226 · see citing works
Fibroblast growth factor 21: from pharmacology to physiology
Kliewer, S. A., & Mangelsdorf, D. J. (2010) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.2009.28449b · Cited by 219 · see citing works
Fibroblast Growth Factor 21: A Versatile Regulator of Metabolic Homeostasis
BonDurant, L. D., & Potthoff, M. J. (2018) · Annual Review of Nutrition · doi:10.1146/annurev-nutr-071816-064800 · Cited by 222 · see citing works
FGF21 Is a Sugar-Induced Hormone Associated with Sweet Intake and Preference in Humans
Søberg, S., Sandholt, C. H., Jespersen, N. Z., Toft, U., Madsen, A. L., von Holstein-Rathlou, S., Grevengoed, T. J., Christensen, K. B., Bredie, W. L. P., Potthoff, M. J., et al. (2017) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2017.04.009 · Cited by 216 · see citing works
Ishibashi, S., Yamashita, S., Arai, H., Araki, E., Yokote, K., Suganami, H., Fruchart, J.-C., & Kodama, T. (2016) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.02.029 · Cited by 208 · see citing works
FGF21 and the late adaptive response to starvation in humans
Fazeli, P. K., Lun, M., Kim, S. M., Bredella, M. A., Wright, S., Zhang, Y., Lee, H., Catana, C., Klibanski, A., Patwari, P., et al. (2015) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci83349 · Cited by 214 · see citing works
Fibroblast Growth Factor-21 Is Induced in Human Skeletal Muscles by Hyperinsulinemia
Hojman, P., Pedersen, M., Nielsen, A. R., Krogh-Madsen, R., Yfanti, C., Åkerstrom, T., Nielsen, S., & Pedersen, B. K. (2009) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db09-0713 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
Lack of Overt FGF21 Resistance in Two Mouse Models of Obesity and Insulin Resistance
Hale, C., Chen, M. M., Stanislaus, S., Chinookoswong, N., Hager, T., Wang, M., Véniant, M. M., & Xu, J. (2012) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2010-1262 · Cited by 185 · see citing works
FGF21 Requires βklotho to Act In Vivo
Adams, A. C., Cheng, C. C., Coskun, T., & Kharitonenkov, A. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0049977 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
Self-citationExercise increases serum fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) levels
Cuevas-Ramos, D., Almeda-Valdés, P., Meza-Arana, C. E., Brito-Córdova, G., Gómez-Pérez, F. J., Mehta, R., Oseguera-Moguel, J., & Aguilar-Salinas, C. A. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0038022 · Cited by 178 · see citing works
A critical role for ChREBP-mediated FGF21 secretion in hepatic fructose metabolism
Fisher, F. M., Kim, M., Doridot, L., Cunniff, J. C., Parker, T. S., Levine, D. M., Hellerstein, M. K., Hudgins, L. C., Maratos-Flier, E., & Herman, M. A. (2017) · Molecular Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.molmet.2016.11.008 · Cited by 166 · see citing works
FGF21-based pharmacotherapy – potential utility for metabolic disorders
Gimeno, R. E., & Moller, D. E. (2014) · Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.tem.2014.03.001 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Fibroblast Activation Protein Cleaves and Inactivates Fibroblast Growth Factor 21
Dunshee, D. R., Bainbridge, T. W., Kljavin, N. M., Zavala-Solorio, J., Schroeder, A. C., Chan, R., Corpuz, R., Wong, M., Zhou, W., Deshmukh, G., et al. (2016) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m115.710582 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Christodoulides, C., Dyson, P., Sprecher, D., Tsintzas, K., & Karpe, F. (2009) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2009-0111 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Desai, B. N., Singhal, G., Watanabe, M., Stevanovic, D., Lundasen, T., Fisher, F. M., Mather, M. L., Vardeh, H. G., Douris, N., Adams, A. C., et al. (2017) · Molecular Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.molmet.2017.08.004 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Different roles of N‐ and C‐ termini in the functional activity of FGF21
Micanovic, R., Raches, D. W., Dunbar, J. D., Driver, D. A., Bina, H. A., Dickinson, C. D., & Kharitonenkov, A. (2009) · Journal of Cellular Physiology · doi:10.1002/jcp.21675 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Self-citationKim, K. H., & Lee, M.-S. (2014) · Diabetes & Metabolism Journal · doi:10.4093/dmj.2014.38.4.245 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
A Specific ChREBP and PPARα Cross-Talk Is Required for the Glucose-Mediated FGF21 Response
Iroz, A., Montagner, A., Benhamed, F., Levavasseur, F., Polizzi, A., Anthony, E., Régnier, M., Fouché, E., Lukowicz, C., Cauzac, M., et al. (2017) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2017.09.065 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Arai, H., Yamashita, S., Yokote, K., Araki, E., Suganami, H., & Ishibashi, S. (2017) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2017.03.032 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Circulating FGF21 in humans is potently induced by short term overfeeding of carbohydrates
Lundsgaard, A.-M., Fritzen, A. M., Sjøberg, K. A., Myrmel, L. S., Madsen, L., Wojtaszewski, J. F. P., Richter, E. A., & Kiens, B. (2017) · Molecular Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.molmet.2016.11.001 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Circulating FGF21 proteolytic processing mediated by fibroblast activation protein
Zhen, E. Y., Jin, Z., Ackermann, B. L., Thomas, M. K., & Gutierrez, J. A. (2016) · Biochemical Journal · doi:10.1042/bj20151085 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
FGF21 and Cardiac Physiopathology
Planavila, A., Redondo-Angulo, I., & Villarroya, F. (2015) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2015.00133 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
FGF21 mediates the lipid metabolism response to amino acid starvation
De Sousa-Coelho, A. L., Relat, J., Hondares, E., Pérez-Martí, A., Ribas, F., Villarroya, F., Marrero, P. F., & Haro, D. (2013) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1194/jlr.m033415 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Glucagon-to-insulin ratio is pivotal for splanchnic regulation of FGF-21 in humans
Hansen, J. S., Clemmesen, J. O., Secher, N. H., Hoene, M., Drescher, A., Weigert, C., Pedersen, B. K., & Plomgaard, P. (2015) · Molecular Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.molmet.2015.06.001 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Fibroblast growth factor 21: a regulator of metabolic disease and health span
Xie, T., & Leung, P. S. (2017) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00101.2017 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Smith, G. I., Yoshino, J., Kelly, S. C., Reeds, D. N., Okunade, A., Patterson, B. W., Klein, S., & Mittendorfer, B. (2016) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2016.09.047 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Hansen, J. S., Pedersen, B. K., Xu, G., Lehmann, R., Weigert, C., & Plomgaard, P. (2016) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2016-1681 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Hanks, L. J., Gutiérrez, O. M., Bamman, M. M., Ashraf, A., McCormick, K. L., & Casazza, K. (2015) · Journal of Clinical & Translational Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.jcte.2015.02.001 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
FGF21 and the physiological regulation of macronutrient preference
Hill, C. M., Qualls-Creekmore, E., Berthoud, H.-R., Soto, P., Yu, S., McDougal, D. H., Münzberg, H., & Morrison, C. D. (2020) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endocr/bqaa019 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Uebanso, T., Taketani, Y., Yamamoto, H., Amo, K., Ominami, H., Arai, H., Takei, Y., Masuda, M., Tanimura, A., Harada, N., et al. (2011) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0022976 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Hill, C. M., Laeger, T., Albarado, D. C., McDougal, D. H., Berthoud, H.-R., Münzberg, H., & Morrison, C. D. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-017-07498-w · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Søberg, S., Andersen, E. S., Dalsgaard, N. B., Jarlhelt, I., Hansen, N. L., Hoffmann, N., Vilsbøll, T., Chenchar, A., Jensen, M., Grevengoed, T. J., et al. (2018) · Molecular Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.molmet.2018.03.010 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
The Structural Biology of the FGF19 Subfamily
Beenken, A., & Mohammadi, M. (2012) · Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-0887-1_1 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Singhal, G., Kumar, G., Chan, S., Fisher, F. M., Ma, Y., Vardeh, H. G., Nasser, I. A., Flier, J. S., & Maratos-Flier, E. (2018) · Molecular Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.molmet.2018.03.002 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Homeostatic sensing of dietary protein restriction: a case for FGF21
Hill, C. M., Berthoud, H.-R., Münzberg, H., & Morrison, C. D. (2018) · Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2018.06.002 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Circulating follistatin in relation to energy metabolism
Hansen, J. S., & Plomgaard, P. (2016) · Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.mce.2016.06.002 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
FGF21 Is Not a Major Mediator for Bone Homeostasis or Metabolic Actions of PPARα and PPARγ Agonists
Li, X., Stanislaus, S., Asuncion, F., Niu, Q.-T., Chinookoswong, N., Villasenor, K., Wang, J., Wong, P., Boyce, R., Dwyer, D., et al. (2017) · Journal of Bone and Mineral Research · doi:10.1002/jbmr.2936 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Hepatokines—A novel group of exercise factors
Weigert, C., Hoene, M., & Plomgaard, P. (2019) · Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00424-018-2216-y · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Cuevas-Ramos, D., Almeda-Valdes, P., Gómez-Pérez, F. J., Meza-Arana, C. E., Cruz-Bautista, I., Arellano-Campos, O., Navarrete-López, M., & Aguilar-Salinas, C. A. (2010) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/eje-10-0454 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Pérez‐Martí, A., Garcia‐Guasch, M., Tresserra‐Rimbau, A., Carrilho‐Do‐Rosário, A., Estruch, R., Salas‐Salvadó, J., Martínez‐González, M. Á., Lamuela‐Raventós, R., Marrero, P. F., Haro, D., et al. (2017) · Molecular Nutrition & Food Research · doi:10.1002/mnfr.201600725 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Attenuated fibroblast growth factor 21 response to acute aerobic exercise in obese individuals
Slusher, A. L., Whitehurst, M., Zoeller, R. F., Mock, J. T., Maharaj, M., & Huang, C.-J. (2015) · Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2015.06.002 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Vienberg, S. G., Brøns, C., Nilsson, E., Astrup, A., Vaag, A., & Andersen, B. (2012) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/eje-12-0039 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Stemmer, K., Zani, F., Habegger, K. M., Neff, C., Kotzbeck, P., Bauer, M., Yalamanchilli, S., Azad, A., Lehti, M., Martins, P. J. F., et al. (2015) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-015-3668-7 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Chalvon-Demersay, T., Even, P. C., Tomé, D., Chaumontet, C., Piedcoq, J., Gaudichon, C., & Azzout-Marniche, D. (2016) · The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jnutbio.2016.07.002 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
De Luca, A., Delaye, J.-B., Fauchier, G., Bourbao-Tournois, C., Champion, H., Bourdon, G., Dupont, J., Froment, P., Dufour, D., & Ducluzeau, P.-H. (2023) · Obesity Surgery · doi:10.1007/s11695-023-06702-3 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
- Authors
- Gälman, C., Lundåsen, T., Kharitonenkov, A., Bina, H. A., Eriksson, M., Hafström, I., Dahlin, M., Åmark, P., Angelin, B., & Rudling, M.
- Affiliations
- Karolinska University Hospital (SE)
- Eli Lilly (United States) (US)
- Corresponding author
- Rudling, Mats
- Venue
- Cell Metabolism
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2008-08
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 169-174
- ISSN
- 1550-4131 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1983397453
- Cited by
- 512
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2026: 18 · 2025: 25 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 29 · 2021: 32 · 2020: 24 · 2019: 27 · 2018: 32 · 2017: 39 · 2016: 43 · 2015: 36 · 2014: 41 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 42
- FWCI
- 9.31
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Cell Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Fibroblast Growth Factor Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Dietary Effects on Health
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors
- Keywords
- FGF21, fasting, PPARα, ketogenesis, ketogenic diet, hypertriglyceridemia, fenofibrate, interindividual variability, bile acid synthesis, cholesterol biosynthesis, fasting adaptation
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Hypolipidemic Agents, Blood Glucose, Energy Intake, Energy Metabolism, Fasting, Female, Fibroblast Growth Factors, Food Deprivation, Humans, Hyperlipidemias, Ketones, Ketosis, Lipids, Male, Middle Aged, Sex Factors, Species Specificity, Up-Regulation, Body Mass Index, Caloric Restriction, PPAR alpha
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review