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Cited by 1,558Historical Economic and Social StudiesBirth, Development, and HealthForensic Anthropology and Bioarchaeology Studies

A century of trends in adult human height

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NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC)·2016·eLife
DOI 10.7554/elife.13410PMC PMC4961475
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Abstract

Being taller is associated with enhanced longevity, and higher education and earnings. We reanalysed 1472 population-based studies, with measurement of height on more than 18.6 million participants to estimate mean height for people born between 1896 and 1996 in 200 countries. The largest gain in adult height over the past century has occurred in South Korean women and Iranian men, who became 20.2 cm (95% credible interval 17.5–22.7) and 16.5 cm (13.3–19.7) taller, respectively. In contrast, there was little change in adult height in some sub-Saharan African countries and in South Asia over the century of analysis. The tallest people over these 100 years are men born in the Netherlands in the last quarter of 20th century, whose average heights surpassed 182.5 cm, and the shortest were women born in Guatemala in 1896 (140.3 cm; 135.8–144.8). The height differential between the tallest and shortest populations was 19-20 cm a century ago, and has remained the same for women and increased for men a century later despite substantial changes in the ranking of countries.

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  • A previous study also observed a notable increase in Danish men's body height among those born between 1940 and 1980.

    “This observation is in line with a previous study, which also observed a notable increase in Danish men’s body height among those born between 1940 and 1980 [26].”

    From The secular trend of intelligence test scores: The Danish experience for young men born between 1940 and 2000 (2021) · cites this paper as [26]

    The Results report gains in European men’s height and state that Danish men born in 1996 averaged over 181 cm. They do not report a height increase specifically among Danish men born between 1940 and 1980, so the cited paper does not establish the claimed cohort trend. (LLM, conf=0.76)

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NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC)
Venue
eLife
Publisher
eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd
Published
2016-07-26
Volume
5
Issue
5
Pages
e13410
ISSN
2050-084X (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.7554/elife.13410
PMC
PMC4961475
OpenAlex
W2461148724
Cited by
1,558
References
6
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2026: 38 · 2025: 42 · 2024: 63 · 2023: 58 · 2022: 55 · 2021: 305 · 2020: 316 · 2019: 218 · 2018: 207 · 2017: 210 · 2016: 46
FWCI
441.77
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journal article
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en
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Funders
  • Grand Challenges Canada
  • Wellcome Trust (101506/Z/13/Z)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Historical Economic and Social Studies
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Birth, Development, and Health
  • Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Archeology › Forensic Anthropology and Bioarchaeology Studies
Keywords
adult height, secular trends, sex differences in height, longevity, South Korea, Iran, Netherlands, Guatemala, sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia
MeSH terms
Adult, Body Height, Humans, Global Health

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