Cited by 482Pluripotent Stem Cells ResearchAlzheimer's disease research and treatmentsNeurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms

Modeling Alzheimer’s disease with iPSC-derived brain cells

Open access
Penney, Jay, Ralvenius, William T., Tsai, Li-Huei·2020·Molecular Psychiatry

Abstract

Alzheimer's disease is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder with no cure. Countless promising therapeutics have shown efficacy in rodent Alzheimer's disease models yet failed to benefit human patients. While hope remains that earlier intervention with existing therapeutics will improve outcomes, it is becoming increasingly clear that new approaches to understand and combat the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease are needed. Human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technologies have changed the face of preclinical research and iPSC-derived cell types are being utilized to study an array of human conditions, including neurodegenerative disease. All major brain cell types can now be differentiated from iPSCs, while increasingly complex co-culture systems are being developed to facilitate neuroscience research. Many cellular functions perturbed in Alzheimer's disease can be recapitulated using iPSC-derived cells in vitro, and co-culture platforms are beginning to yield insights into the complex interactions that occur between brain cell types during neurodegeneration. Further, iPSC-based systems and genome editing tools will be critical in understanding the roles of the numerous new genes and mutations found to modify Alzheimer's disease risk in the past decade. While still in their relative infancy, these developing iPSC-based technologies hold considerable promise to push forward efforts to combat Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative disorders.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1038/s41380-019-0468-3

Cites

234 of 234 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • A majority of Alzheimer's disease risk genes identified through genome-wide association studies are highly expressed in microglia, suggesting a key role in microglial dysfunction.

    “A majority of AD risk genes identified through genome-wide association studies are highly expressed in microglia, the brain’s innate immune cells, suggesting a key role in microglial dysfunction (Kummer et al., 2021; Penney et al., 2020; Teipel et al., 2022).”

    From A novel molecular class that recruits HDAC/MECP2 complexes to PU.1 motifs reduces neuroinflammation (2023) · cites this paper as Penney et al., 2020

    The Microglia section (page unavailable) says GWAS identified a surprising number of microglial genes as late-onset AD risk factors and links those findings to microglial dysfunction. It does not establish that a majority of GWAS-identified AD risk genes are highly expressed in microglia; the Alzheimer’s disease section instead says many are expressed primarily in non-neuronal brain cells. (LLM, conf=0.86)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • AD risk variants are enriched in genes that are highly expressed in microglia.

    “Population genetics has revealed that AD risk variants are enriched in genes that are highly expressed in microglia (Penney et al., 2020).”
  • iPS cell systems can model aspects of AD pathology.

    “While it is well documented that iPS cell systems can model aspects of AD pathology (Penney et al., 2020; Nelson et al., 2023)”

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

1 of the 235 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Penney, J., Ralvenius, W. T., & Tsai, L.-H.
Affiliations
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (US)
Corresponding author
Tsai, Li-Huei
Venue
Molecular Psychiatry
Published
2019-08-07
Volume
25
Issue
1
Pages
148-167
ISSN
  • 1359-4184 (ISSN-L)
  • 1476-5578
OpenAlex
W2964627277
Cited by
471
References
235
Citations by year
2026: 54 · 2025: 66 · 2024: 78 · 2023: 84 · 2022: 77 · 2021: 65 · 2020: 41 · 2019: 6
FWCI
4.18
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Molecular Psychiatry (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
  • IslandScholar (University of Prince Edward Island) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • National Science Foundation
  • Cure Alzheimer's Fund
  • Robert A. and Renee E. Belfer Family Foundation
  • Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung (177920)
  • National Institutes of Health (NS051874)
  • National Institute on Aging (RF1AG054012)
  • National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R37NS051874)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Pluripotent Stem Cells Research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Developmental Neuroscience › Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms
Keywords
Alzheimer's disease, induced pluripotent stem cells, neurodegeneration, co-culture model, disease modeling, genome editing, Alzheimer's disease risk genes, preclinical research
MeSH terms
Alzheimer Disease, Brain, Cell Differentiation, Humans, Models, Biological, Neurons, Neurodegenerative Diseases, Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review