The DOI matches its Crossref record; 70 of the 70 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Reduction in saturated fat intake for cardiovascular disease
Abstract
Reducing saturated fat reduces serum cholesterol, but effects on other intermediate outcomes may be less clear. Additionally, it is unclear whether the energy from saturated fats eliminated from the diet are more helpfully replaced by polyunsaturated fats, monounsaturated fats, carbohydrate or protein.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Increased saturated fat intake is associated with increased risk of obesity and cardiovascular disease [46, 47].”
From Dietary Intake of Canadian Middle‐Aged Endurance Athletes (2025) · cites this paper as [47]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
1 retracted
RETRACTED: Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease with a Mediterranean Diet
Estruch, R., Ros, E., Salas-Salvadó, J., Covas, M.-I., Corella, D., Arós, F., Gómez-Gracia, E., Ruiz-Gutiérrez, V., Fiol, M., Lapetra, J., et al. (2013) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1200303 · Cited by 4,257
RetractedGrading quality of evidence and strength of recommendations
(2004) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.328.7454.1490 · Cited by 8,477
Schulz (1995) · doi:10.1001/jama.1995.03520290060030 · Cited by 5,634
ESC/EAS Guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias
Reiner, Ž., Catapano, A. L., De Backer, G., Graham, I., Taskinen, M.-R., Wiklund, O., Agewall, S., Alegria, E., Chapman, M. J., Durrington, P., et al. (2011) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehr158 · Cited by 3,549
Mensink, R. P., Zock, P. L., Kester, A. D., & Katan, M. B. (2003) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/77.5.1146 · Cited by 2,811
Lichtenstein, A. H., Appel, L. J., Brands, M., Carnethon, M., Daniels, S., Franch, H. A., Franklin, B., Kris-Etherton, P., Harris, W. S., Howard, B., et al. (2006) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.106.176158 · Cited by 2,705
Grundy, S. M., Stone, N. J., Bailey, A. L., Beam, C., Birtcher, K. K., Blumenthal, R. S., Braun, L. T., de Ferranti, S., Faiella-Tommasino, J., Forman, D. E., et al. (2019) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2018.11.003 · Cited by 2,691
Wood, L., Egger, M., Gluud, L. L., Schulz, K. F., Jüni, P., Altman, D. G., Gluud, C., Martin, R. M., Wood, A. J. G., & Sterne, J. A. C. (2008) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.39465.451748.ad · Cited by 2,538
Weight Loss with a Low-Carbohydrate, Mediterranean, or Low-Fat Diet
Shai, I., Schwarzfuchs, D., Henkin, Y., Shahar, D. R., Witkow, S., Greenberg, I., Golan, R., Fraser, D., Bolotin, A., Vardi, H., et al. (2008) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa0708681 · Cited by 2,143
Comparison of Weight-Loss Diets with Different Compositions of Fat, Protein, and Carbohydrates
Sacks, F. M., Bray, G. A., Carey, V. J., Smith, S. R., Ryan, D. H., Anton, S. D., McManus, K., Champagne, C. M., Bishop, L. M., Laranjo, N., et al. (2009) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa0804748 · Cited by 1,966
A Randomized Trial of a Low-Carbohydrate Diet for Obesity
Foster, G. D., Wyatt, H. R., Hill, J. O., McGuckin, B. G., Brill, C., Mohammed, B. S., Szapary, P. O., Rader, D. J., Edman, J. S., & Klein, S. (2003) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa022207 · Cited by 1,794
THE DIET AND 15-YEAR DEATH RATE IN THE SEVEN COUNTRIES STUDY
KEYS, A., MIENOTTI, A., KARVONEN, M. J., ARAVANIS, C., BLACKBURN, H., BUZINA, R., DJORDJEVIC, B. S., DONTAS, A. S., FIDANZA, F., KEYS, M. H., et al. (1986) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114480 · Cited by 1,790
Schröder, H., Fitó, M., Estruch, R., Martínez-González, M. A., Corella, D., Salas-Salvadó, J., Lamuela-Raventós, R., Ros, E., Salaverría, I., Fiol, M., et al. (2011) · The Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.3945/jn.110.135566 · Cited by 1,624
Effect of dietary fatty acids on serum lipids and lipoproteins. A meta-analysis of 27 trials
Mensink, R. P., & Katan, M. B. (1992) · Arteriosclerosis and Thrombosis: A Journal of Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/01.atv.12.8.911 · Cited by 1,477
Siri-Tarino, P. W., Sun, Q., Hu, F. B., & Krauss, R. M. (2010) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.2009.27725 · Cited by 1,253
Mozaffarian, D., Micha, R., & Wallace, S. (2010) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000252 · Cited by 1,215
Reduction in the Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes With the Mediterranean Diet
Salas-Salvadó, J., Bulló, M., Babio, N., Martínez-González, M. Á., Ibarrola-Jurado, N., Basora, J., Estruch, R., Covas, M. I., Corella, D., Arós, F., et al. (2011) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc10-1288 · Cited by 901
Watts, G. F., Lewis, B., Lewis, E. S., Coltart, D. J., Smith, L. D. R., Swan, A. V., Brunt, J. N. H., & Mann, J. I. (1992) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/0140-6736(92)90863-x · Cited by 843
Mediterranean diet improves cognition: the PREDIMED-NAVARRA randomised trial
Martínez-Lapiscina, E. H., Clavero, P., Toledo, E., Estruch, R., Salas-Salvadó, J., San Julián, B., Sanchez-Tainta, A., Ros, E., Valls-Pedret, C., & Martinez-Gonzalez, M. Á. (2013) · Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp-2012-304792 · Cited by 747
Wood, P. D., Stefanick, M. L., Dreon, D. M., Frey-Hewitt, B., Garay, S. C., Williams, P. T., Superko, H. R., Fortmann, S. P., Albers, J. J., Vranizan, K. M., et al. (1988) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm198811033191801 · Cited by 675
Prevention of Diabetes With Mediterranean Diets: A Subgroup Analysis of a Randomized Trial
Salas-Salvadó, J., Bulló, M., Estruch, R., Ros, E., Covas, M.-I., Ibarrola-Jurado, N., Corella, D., Arós, F., Gómez-Gracia, E., Ruiz-Gutiérrez, V., et al. (2014) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/m13-1725 · Cited by 650
Stefanick, M. L., Mackey, S., Sheehan, M., Ellsworth, N., Haskell, W. L., & Wood, P. D. (1998) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199807023390103 · Cited by 629
Effects of weight loss on regional fat distribution and insulin sensitivity in obesity.
Goodpaster, B. H., Kelley, D. E., Wing, R. R., Meier, A., & Thaete, F. L. (1999) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.48.4.839 · Cited by 608
Wood, D., Kotseva, K., Connolly, S., Jennings, C., Mead, A., Jones, J., Holden, A., De Bacquer, D., Collier, T., De Backer, G., et al. (2008) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(08)60868-5 · Cited by 601
Elmer, P. J., Obarzanek, E., Vollmer, W. M., Simons-Morton, D., Stevens, V. J., Young, D. R., Lin, P.-H., Champagne, C., Harsha, D. W., Svetkey, L. P., et al. (2006) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-144-7-200604040-00007 · Cited by 596
DAYTON, S., PEARCE, M. L., HASHIMOTO, S., DIXON, W. J., & TOMIYASU, U. (1969) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.40.1s2.ii-1 · Cited by 595
Yu-Poth, S., Zhao, G., Etherton, T., Naglak, M., Jonnalagadda, S., & Kris-Etherton, P. M. (1999) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/69.4.632 · Cited by 584
Wood, P. D., Stefanick, M. L., Williams, P. T., & Haskell, W. L. (1991) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199108153250703 · Cited by 520
Briel, M., Ferreira-Gonzalez, I., You, J. J., Karanicolas, P. J., Akl, E. A., Wu, P., Blechacz, B., Bassler, D., Wei, X., Sharman, A., et al. (2009) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.b92 · Cited by 491
Astrup, A., Dyerberg, J., Elwood, P., Hermansen, K., Hu, F. B., Jakobsen, M. U., Kok, F. J., Krauss, R. M., Lecerf, J. M., LeGrand, P., et al. (2011) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.110.004622 · Cited by 487
Salas-Salvadó, J., Fernández-Ballart, J., Ros, E., Martínez-González, M.-A., Fitó, M., Estruch, R., Corella, D., Fiol, M., Gómez-Gracia, E., Arós, F., et al. (2008) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.168.22.2449 · Cited by 463
Barnard, N. D., Cohen, J., Jenkins, D. J., Turner-McGrievy, G., Gloede, L., Green, A., & Ferdowsian, H. (2009) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.2009.26736h · Cited by 449
Howard, B. V., Manson, J. E., Stefanick, M. L., Beresford, S. A., Frank, G., Jones, B., Rodabough, R. J., Snetselaar, L., Thomson, C., Tinker, L., et al. (2006) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.295.1.39 · Cited by 426
Can We Systematically Review Studies That Evaluate Complex Interventions?
Shepperd, S., Lewin, S., Straus, S., Clarke, M., Eccles, M. P., Fitzpatrick, R., Wong, G., & Sheikh, A. (2009) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000086 · Cited by 408
Robinson, J. G., Wang, S., Smith, B. J., & Jacobson, T. A. (2009) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2008.10.024 · Cited by 368
McManus, K., Antinoro, L., & Sacks, F. (2001) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0801796 · Cited by 353
Skeaff, C. M., & Miller, J. (2009) · Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism · doi:10.1159/000229002 · Cited by 310
Omega-3 fatty acids for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease
Abdelhamid, A. S., Brown, T. J., Brainard, J. S., Biswas, P., Thorpe, G. C., Moore, H. J., Deane, K. H., Summerbell, C. D., Worthington, H. V., Song, F., et al. (2020) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd003177.pub5 · Cited by 295
Self-citationSalas-Salvadó, J., Garcia-Arellano, A., Estruch, R., Marquez-Sandoval, F., Corella, D., Fiol, M., Gómez-Gracia, E., Viñoles, E., Arós, F., Herrera, C., et al. (2008) · European Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602762 · Cited by 295
Toledo, E., Hu, F. B., Estruch, R., Buil-Cosiales, P., Corella, D., Salas-Salvadó, J., Covas, M. I., Arós, F., Gómez-Gracia, E., Fiol, M., et al. (2013) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/1741-7015-11-207 · Cited by 289
McAuley, K. A., Hopkins, C. M., Smith, K. J., McLay, R. T., Williams, S. M., Taylor, R. W., & Mann, J. I. (2005) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-004-1603-4 · Cited by 275
Chardigny, J.-M., Destaillats, F., Malpuech-Brugère, C., Moulin, J., Bauman, D. E., Lock, A. L., Barbano, D. M., Mensink, R. P., Bezelgues, J.-B., Chaumont, P., et al. (2008) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/87.3.558 · Cited by 252
Swinburn, B. A., Metcalf, P. A., & Ley, S. J. (2001) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.24.4.619 · Cited by 240
Biologic and Quality-of-Life Outcomes From the Mediterranean Lifestyle Program
Toobert, D. J., Glasgow, R. E., Strycker, L. A., Barrera, M., Radcliffe, J. L., Wander, R. C., & Bagdade, J. D. (2003) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.26.8.2288 · Cited by 238
Ockene, I. S., Hebert, J. R., Ockene, J. K., Saperia, G. M., Stanek, E., Nicolosi, R., Merriam, P. A., & Hurley, T. G. (1999) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.159.7.725 · Cited by 226
Ledikwe, J. H., Rolls, B. J., Smiciklas-Wright, H., Mitchell, D. C., Ard, J. D., Champagne, C., Karanja, N., Lin, P.-H., Stevens, V. J., & Appel, L. J. (2007) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/85.5.1212 · Cited by 204
Rivellese, A. A., Maffettone, A., Vessby, B., Uusitupa, M., Hermansen, K., Berglund, L., Louheranta, A., Meyer, B. J., & Riccardi, G. (2003) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/s0021-9150(02)00424-0 · Cited by 198
Zazpe, I., Sanchez-Tainta, A., Estruch, R., Lamuela-Raventos, R. M., Schröder, H., Salas-Salvado, J., Corella, D., Fiol, M., Gomez-Gracia, E., Aros, F., et al. (2008) · Journal of the American Dietetic Association · doi:10.1016/j.jada.2008.04.011 · Cited by 193
de Souza, R. J., Bray, G. A., Carey, V. J., Hall, K. D., LeBoff, M. S., Loria, C. M., Laranjo, N. M., Sacks, F. M., & Smith, S. R. (2012) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.111.026328 · Cited by 192
Moher, M., Yudkin, P., Wright, L., Turner, R., Fuller, A., Schofield, T., & Mant, D. (2001) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.322.7298.1338 · Cited by 184
Effect of a Low-Fat Diet on the Incidence of Actinic Keratosis
Black, H. S., Herd, J. A., Goldberg, L. H., Wolf, J. E., Thornby, J. I., Rosen, T., Bruce, S., Tschen, J. A., Foreyt, J. P., Scott, L. W., et al. (1994) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199405053301804 · Cited by 169
Kodama, S., Saito, K., Tanaka, S., Maki, M., Yachi, Y., Sato, M., Sugawara, A., Totsuka, K., Shimano, H., Ohashi, Y., et al. (2009) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc08-1716 · Cited by 160
Sánchez-Taínta, A., Estruch, R., Bulló, M., Corella, D., Gómez-Gracia, E., Fiol, M., Algorta, J., Covas, M.-I., Lapetra, J., Zazpe, I., et al. (2008) · European Journal of Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation · doi:10.1097/hjr.0b013e328308ba61 · Cited by 144
Omega-6 fats for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease
Hooper, L., Al-Khudairy, L., Abdelhamid, A. S., Rees, K., Brainard, J. S., Brown, T. J., Ajabnoor, S. M., O'Brien, A. T., Winstanley, L. E., Donaldson, D. H., et al. (2018) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd011094.pub4 · Cited by 133
Westman, E. C., Yancy, W. S., Olsen, M. K., Dudley, T., & Guyton, J. R. (2006) · International Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2005.08.034 · Cited by 115
Razquin, C., Martinez, J. A., Martinez-Gonzalez, M. A., Bes-Rastrollo, M., Fernández-Crehuet, J., & Marti, A. (2010) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/ijo.2009.233 · Cited by 109
Hu, E. A., Toledo, E., Diez-Espino, J., Estruch, R., Corella, D., Salas-Salvado, J., Vinyoles, E., Gomez-Gracia, E., Aros, F., Fiol, M., et al. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0060166 · Cited by 108
Prentice, R. L., Aragaki, A. K., Van Horn, L., Thomson, C. A., Beresford, S. A., Robinson, J., Snetselaar, L., Anderson, G. L., Manson, J. E., Allison, M. A., et al. (2017) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.117.153270 · Cited by 91
Diet–heart: a problematic revisit
Stamler, J. (2010) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.2010.29216 · Cited by 78
ANDERSSEN, S. A., HJERMANN, I., URDAL, P., TORJESEN, P. A., & HOLME, I. (1996) · Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2796.1996.22848000.x · Cited by 67
Prentice, R. L., Aragaki, A. K., Howard, B. V., Chlebowski, R. T., Thomson, C. A., Van Horn, L., Tinker, L. F., Manson, J. E., Anderson, G. L., Kuller, L. E., et al. (2019) · The Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/nxz107 · Cited by 62
Adherence is a multi-dimensional construct in the POUNDS LOST trial
Williamson, D. A., Anton, S. D., Han, H., Champagne, C. M., Allen, R., LeBlanc, E., Ryan, D. H., McManus, K., Laranjo, N., Carey, V. J., et al. (2010) · Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s10865-009-9230-7 · Cited by 58
Unsaturated fats and progression of diabetic retinopathy
Houtsmuller, A. J., Zahn, K. J., & Henkes, H. E. (1980) · Documenta Ophthalmologica · doi:10.1007/bf00141465 · Cited by 44
Favourable Influences of Linoleic Acid on the Progression of Diabetic Micro- and Macroangiopathy
Houtsmuller, A. J., van Hal-Ferwerda, J., Zahn, K. J., & Henkes, H. E. (1980) · Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism · doi:10.1159/000176375 · Cited by 44
Ley, S. J., Metcalf, P. A., Scragg, R. K. R., & Swinburn, B. A. (2004) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2003.09.001 · Cited by 43
Insulin resistance, dietary cholesterol, and cholesterol concentration in postmenopausal women
Reaven, G. M., Abbasi, F., Bernhart, S., Coulston, A., Darnell, B., Dashti, N., Kim, H.-S., Kulkarni, K., Lamendola, C., McLaughlin, T., et al. (2001) · Metabolism · doi:10.1053/meta.2001.22559 · Cited by 31
Dietary Counseling for High Blood Cholesterol in Families at Risk of Coronary Disease
Moy, T. F., Yanek, L. R., Raqueño, J. V., Bezirdjian, P. J., Blumenthal, R. S., Wilder, L. B., & Becker, D. M. (2001) · Preventive Cardiology · doi:10.1111/j.1520-037x.2001.00543.x · Cited by 29
From Chick Nutrition to Nutrition Policy
Hegsted, D. M. (2000) · Annual Review of Nutrition · doi:10.1146/annurev.nutr.20.1.1 · Cited by 17
Cited by
Virani, S. S., Newby, L. K., Arnold, S. V., Bittner, V., Brewer, L. C., Demeter, S. H., Dixon, D. L., Fearon, W. F., Hess, B., Johnson, H. M., et al. (2023) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0000000000001168 · Cited by 1,598
Virani, S. S., Newby, L. K., Arnold, S. V., Bittner, V., Brewer, L. C., Demeter, S. H., Dixon, D. L., Fearon, W. F., Hess, B., Johnson, H. M., et al. (2023) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2023.04.003 · Cited by 596
Evidence-based European recommendations for the dietary management of diabetes
The Diabetes and Nutrition Study Group (DNSG) of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD), Aas, A.-M., Axelsen, M., Churuangsuk, C., Hermansen, K., Kendall, C. W. C., Kahleova, H., Khan, T., Lean, M. E. J., Mann, J. I., et al. (2023) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-023-05894-8 · Cited by 262
Fekete, M., Szarvas, Z., Fazekas-Pongor, V., Feher, A., Csipo, T., Forrai, J., Dosa, N., Peterfi, A., Lehoczki, A., Tarantini, S., et al. (2022) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu15010047 · Cited by 137
Peña-Jorquera, H., Cid-Jofré, V., Landaeta-Díaz, L., Petermann-Rocha, F., Martorell, M., Zbinden-Foncea, H., Ferrari, G., Jorquera-Aguilera, C., & Cristi-Montero, C. (2023) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu15143244 · Cited by 103
Metadata
- Authors
- Hooper, L., Martin, N., Jimoh, O. F., Kirk, C., Foster, E., & Abdelhamid, A. S.
- Venue
- Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2020-08-21
- Volume
- 2020
- Issue
- 8
- ISSN
- 1361-6137 (ISSN-L)
- 1465-1858
- OpenAlex
- W4213393160
- Cited by
- 330
- References
- 70
- FWCI
- 20.50
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.