Metabolic Syndrome and Insulin Resistance: Underlying Causes and Modification by Exercise Training

Effectiveness of a Lifestyle Intervention on Metabolic Syndrome. A Randomized Controlled Trial

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Natural Killer T Cells Are Involved in Adipose Tissues Inflammation and Glucose Intolerance in Diet-Induced Obese Mice

Ohmura, K., Ishimori, N., Ohmura, Y., Tokuhara, S., Nozawa, A., Horii, S., Andoh, Y., Fujii, S., Iwabuchi, K., Onoé, K., et al. (2010) · Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/atvbaha.109.198614 · Cited by 215

Apparent discontinuation rates in patients prescribed lipid‐lowering drugs

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Effect of Supervised Progressive Resistance-Exercise Training Protocol on Insulin Sensitivity, Glycemia, Lipids, and Body Composition in Asian Indians With Type 2 Diabetes

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Effects of High Intensity Resistance Training on Arterial Stiffness and Wave Reflection in Women

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Exercise training increases glycogen synthase activity and GLUT4 expression but not insulin signaling in overweight nondiabetic and type 2 diabetic subjects

Christ-Roberts, C. Y., Pratipanawatr, T., Pratipanawatr, W., Berria, R., Belfort, R., Kashyap, S., & Mandarino, L. J. (2004) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2004.03.022 · Cited by 210

Increased p85/55/50 Expression and Decreased Phosphotidylinositol 3-Kinase Activity in Insulin-Resistant Human Skeletal Muscle

Bandyopadhyay, G. K., Yu, J. G., Ofrecio, J., & Olefsky, J. M. (2005) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.54.8.2351 · Cited by 210

Exercise training reduces fatty acid availability and improves the insulin sensitivity of glucose metabolism

Shojaee-Moradie, F., Baynes, K. C. R., Pentecost, C., Bell, J. D., Thomas, E. L., Jackson, N. C., Stolinski, M., Whyte, M., Lovell, D., Bowes, S. B., et al. (2007) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-006-0498-7 · Cited by 209

Leptin increases FA oxidation in lean but not obese human skeletal muscle: evidence of peripheral leptin resistance

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Reduced expression of the murine p85α subunit of phosphoinositide 3-kinase improves insulin signaling and ameliorates diabetes

Mauvais-Jarvis, F., Ueki, K., Fruman, D. A., Hirshman, M. F., Sakamoto, K., Goodyear, L. J., Iannacone, M., Accili, D., Cantley, L. C., & Kahn, C. R. (2002) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci0213305 · Cited by 207

Resistive training can reduce coronary risk factors without altering &OV0312;O2max or percent body fat

HURLEY, B. F., HAGBERG, J. M., GOLDBERG, A. P., SEALS, D. R., EHSANI, A. A., BRENNAN, R. E., & HOLLOSZY, J. O. (1988) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/00005768-198820020-00008 · Cited by 205

Tbc1d1 mutation in lean mouse strain confers leanness and protects from diet-induced obesity

Chadt, A., Leicht, K., Deshmukh, A., Jiang, L. Q., Scherneck, S., Bernhardt, U., Dreja, T., Vogel, H., Schmolz, K., Kluge, R., et al. (2008) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng.244 · Cited by 204

Diet-induced insulin resistance precedes other aspects of the metabolic syndrome

Barnard, R. J., Roberts, C. K., Varon, S. M., & Berger, J. J. (1998) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.1998.84.4.1311 · Cited by 201

Reduction of Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B Increases Insulin-Dependent Signaling in ob/ob Mice

Gum, R. J., Gaede, L. L., Koterski, S. L., Heindel, M., Clampit, J. E., Zinker, B. A., Trevillyan, J. M., Ulrich, R. G., Jirousek, M. R., & Rondinone, C. M. (2003) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.52.1.21 · Cited by 199

The Antiinflammatory Cytokine Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist Protects from High-Fat Diet-Induced Hyperglycemia

Sauter, N. S., Schulthess, F. T., Galasso, R., Castellani, L. W., & Maedler, K. (2008) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2007-1059 · Cited by 198

Abnormal Glucose Homeostasis due to Chronic Hyperresistinemia

Rangwala, S. M., Rich, A. S., Rhoades, B., Shapiro, J. S., Obici, S., Rossetti, L., & Lazar, M. A. (2004) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.53.8.1937 · Cited by 198

Aerobic versus strength training for risk factor intervention in middle-aged men at high risk for coronary heart disease

Smutok, M. A., Reece, C., Kokkinos, P. F., Farmer, C., Dawson, P., Shulman, R., DeVane-Bell, J., Patterson, J., Charabogos, C., Goldberg, A. P., et al. (1993) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/0026-0495(93)90032-j · Cited by 197

Irs1 Serine 307 Promotes Insulin Sensitivity in Mice

Copps, K. D., Hancer, N. J., Opare-Ado, L., Qiu, W., Walsh, C., & White, M. F. (2010) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2009.11.003 · Cited by 196

Insulin and Metformin Regulate Circulating and Adipose Tissue Chemerin

Tan, B. K., Chen, J., Farhatullah, S., Adya, R., Kaur, J., Heutling, D., Lewandowski, K. C., O'Hare, J. P., Lehnert, H., & Randeva, H. S. (2009) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db08-1528 · Cited by 195

Effect of strength training on glucose tolerance and post-glucose insulin response

MILLER, W., SHERMAN, W. M., & IVY, J. L. (1984) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/00005768-198412000-00003 · Cited by 194

Increased adipose tissue expression of lipocalin-2 in obesity is related to inflammation and matrix metalloproteinase-2 and metalloproteinase-9 activities in humans

Catalán, V., Gómez-Ambrosi, J., Rodríguez, A., Ramírez, B., Silva, C., Rotellar, F., Gil, M. J., Cienfuegos, J. A., Salvador, J., & Frühbeck, G. (2009) · Journal of Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1007/s00109-009-0486-8 · Cited by 193

HSP72 gene expression progressively increases in human skeletal muscle during prolonged, exhaustive exercise

Febbraio, M. A., & Koukoulas, I. (2000) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.2000.89.3.1055 · Cited by 192

Insulin Hypersensitivity and Resistance to Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes in Mice Lacking PTEN in Adipose Tissue

Kurlawalla-Martinez, C., Stiles, B., Wang, Y., Devaskar, S. U., Kahn, B. B., & Wu, H. (2005) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.25.6.2498-2510.2005 · Cited by 191

Reversal of diet‐induced insulin resistance with a single bout of exercise in the rat: the role of PTP1B and IRS‐1 serine phosphorylation

Ropelle, E. R., Pauli, J. R., Prada, P. O., De Souza, C. T., Picardi, P. K., Faria, M. C., Cintra, D. E., Fernandes, M. F. D. A., Flores, M. B., Velloso, L. A., et al. (2006) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2006.120006 · Cited by 191

Effect of Physical Training on Insulin Action in Obesity

DeFronzo, R. A., Sherwin, R. S., & Kraemer, N. (1987) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diab.36.12.1379 · Cited by 189

A Promoter Genotype and Oxidative Stress Potentially Link Resistin to Human Insulin Resistance

Smith, S. R., Bai, F., Charbonneau, C., Janderová, L., & Argyropoulos, G. (2003) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.52.7.1611 · Cited by 188

Effects of Endurance Exercise Training on Insulin Signaling in Human Skeletal Muscle

Frøsig, C., Rose, A. J., Treebak, J. T., Kiens, B., Richter, E. A., & Wojtaszewski, J. F. P. (2007) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db06-1698 · Cited by 188

Short‐term sprint interval training increases insulin sensitivity in healthy adults but does not affect the thermogenic response to β‐adrenergic stimulation

Richards, J. C., Johnson, T. K., Kuzma, J. N., Lonac, M. C., Schweder, M. M., Voyles, W. F., & Bell, C. (2010) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2010.189886 · Cited by 187

Fatty Acid-binding Proteins Transport N-Acylethanolamines to Nuclear Receptors and Are Targets of Endocannabinoid Transport Inhibitors

Kaczocha, M., Vivieca, S., Sun, J., Glaser, S. T., & Deutsch, D. G. (2012) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m111.304907 · Cited by 187

Synip

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A Variation in 3′ UTR of hPTP1B Increases Specific Gene Expression and Associates with Insulin Resistance

Di Paola, R., Frittitta, L., Miscio, G., Bozzali, M., Baratta, R., Centra, M., Spampinato, D., Santagati, M. G., Ercolino, T., Cisternino, C., et al. (2002) · The American Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1086/339270 · Cited by 186

Restoration of insulin responsiveness in skeletal muscle of morbidly obese patients after weight loss. Effect on muscle glucose transport and glucose transporter GLUT4.

Friedman, J. E., Dohm, G. L., Leggett-Frazier, N., Elton, C. W., Tapscott, E. B., Pories, W. P., & Caro, J. F. (1992) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci115638 · Cited by 185

Increased Fatty Acid Desaturation and Enhanced Expression of Stearoyl Coenzyme A Desaturase Protects Pancreatic β-Cells from Lipoapoptosis

Busch, A. K., Gurisik, E., Cordery, D. V., Sudlow, M., Denyer, G. S., Laybutt, D. R., Hughes, W. E., & Biden, T. J. (2005) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.54.10.2917 · Cited by 183

CXC Ligand 5 Is an Adipose-Tissue Derived Factor that Links Obesity to Insulin Resistance

Chavey, C., Lazennec, G., Lagarrigue, S., Clapé, C., Iankova, I., Teyssier, J., Annicotte, J.-S., Schmidt, J., Mataki, C., Yamamoto, H., et al. (2009) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2009.03.002 · Cited by 182

Myeloid-specific estrogen receptor α deficiency impairs metabolic homeostasis and accelerates atherosclerotic lesion development

Ribas, V., Drew, B. G., Le, J. A., Soleymani, T., Daraei, P., Sitz, D., Mohammad, L., Henstridge, D. C., Febbraio, M. A., Hewitt, S. C., et al. (2011) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1104533108 · Cited by 181

Proteomic identification of secreted proteins from human skeletal muscle cells and expression in response to strength training

Norheim, F., Raastad, T., Thiede, B., Rustan, A. C., Drevon, C. A., & Haugen, F. (2011) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00326.2011 · Cited by 181

Pigment Epithelium-Derived Factor Contributes to Insulin Resistance in Obesity

Crowe, S., Wu, L. E., Economou, C., Turpin, S. M., Matzaris, M., Hoehn, K. L., Hevener, A. L., James, D. E., Duh, E. J., & Watt, M. J. (2009) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2009.06.001 · Cited by 180

Circulating adiponectin levels associate with inflammatory markers, insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome independent of obesity

Hung, J., McQuillan, B. M., Thompson, P. L., & Beilby, J. P. (2008) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0803793 · Cited by 179

PKCλ in liver mediates insulin-induced SREBP-1c expression and determines both hepatic lipid content and overall insulin sensitivity

Matsumoto, M., Ogawa, W., Akimoto, K., Inoue, H., Miyake, K., Furukawa, K., Hayashi, Y., Iguchi, H., Matsuki, Y., Hiramatsu, R., et al. (2003) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci18816 · Cited by 178

Effect of a short-term diet and exercise intervention on inflammatory/anti-inflammatory properties of HDL in overweight/obese men with cardiovascular risk factors

Roberts, C. K., Ng, C., Hama, S., Eliseo, A. J., & Barnard, R. J. (2006) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00345.2006 · Cited by 178

Strength Exercise Improves Muscle Mass and Hepatic Insulin Sensitivity in Obese Youth

VAN DER HEIJDEN, G.-J., WANG, Z. J., CHU, Z., TOFFOLO, G., MANESSO, E., SAUER, P. J. J., & SUNEHAG, A. L. (2010) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e3181df16d9 · Cited by 177

Characterization of an interaction between insulin receptor substrate 1 and the insulin receptor by using the two-hybrid system.

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Human C-reactive protein induces endothelial dysfunction and uncoupling of eNOS in vivo

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Skeletal Muscle Glucose Transport and Metabolism Are Enhanced in Transgenic Mice Overexpressing the Glut4 Glucose Transporter.

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Reduced glycogen availability is associated with an elevation in HSP72 in contracting human skeletal muscle

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Effects of moderate-intensity exercise training on plasma biomarkers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction in older patients with type 2 diabetes

Zoppini, G., Targher, G., Zamboni, C., Venturi, C., Cacciatori, V., Moghetti, P., & Muggeo, M. (2006) · Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2005.09.004 · Cited by 173

Influence of Obesity, Impaired Glucose Tolerance, and NIDDM on LDL Structure and Composition: Possible Link Between Hyperinsulinemia and Atherosclerosis

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Increased Adipose Angiotensinogen Gene Expression in Human Obesity

van Harmelen, V., Ariapart, P., Hoffstedt, J., Lundkvist, I., Bringman, S., & Arner, P. (2000) · Obesity Research · doi:10.1038/oby.2000.40 · Cited by 172

Acute Reversal of the Enhanced Insulin Action in Trained Athletes: Association with Insulin Receptor Changes

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Muscle contractile activity increases fatty acid metabolism and transport and FAT/CD36

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GLUT 4 and insulin receptor binding and kinase activity in trained human muscle.

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Lifestyle intervention in obese children is associated with a decrease of the metabolic syndrome prevalence

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Overexpression of Glut4 protein in muscle increases basal and insulin-stimulated whole body glucose disposal in conscious mice.

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5′AMP activated protein kinase expression in human skeletal muscle: effects of strength training and type 2 diabetes

Wojtaszewski, J. F. P., Birk, J. B., Frøsig, C., Holten, M., Pilegaard, H., & Dela, F. (2005) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2005.082669 · Cited by 170

Insulin Signaling in Microdomains of the Plasma Membrane

Saltiel, A. R., & Pessin, J. E. (2003) · Traffic · doi:10.1034/j.1600-0854.2003.00119.x · Cited by 169

Muscle-specific knockout of PKC-λ impairs glucose transport and induces metabolic and diabetic syndromes

Farese, R. V., Sajan, M. P., Yang, H., Li, P., Mastorides, S., Gower, W. R., Nimal, S., Choi, C. S., Kim, S., Shulman, G. I., et al. (2007) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci31408 · Cited by 169

APS Facilitates c-Cbl Tyrosine Phosphorylation and GLUT4 Translocation in Response to Insulin in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes

Liu, J., Kimura, A., Baumann, C. A., & Saltiel, A. R. (2002) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.22.11.3599-3609.2002 · Cited by 168

The Role of Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase C2α in Insulin Signaling

Falasca, M., Hughes, W. E., Dominguez, V., Sala, G., Fostira, F., Fang, M. Q., Cazzolli, R., Shepherd, P. R., James, D. E., & Maffucci, T. (2007) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m704357200 · Cited by 167

Transgenic Overexpression of Protein-tyrosine Phosphatase 1B in Muscle Causes Insulin Resistance, but Overexpression with Leukocyte Antigen-related Phosphatase Does Not Additively Impair Insulin Action

Zabolotny, J. M., Haj, F. G., Kim, Y.-B., Kim, H.-J., Shulman, G. I., Kim, J. K., Neel, B. G., & Kahn, B. B. (2004) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m310688200 · Cited by 164

Dynamic Strength Training Improves Insulin Sensitivity without Altering Plasma Levels and Gene Expression of Adipokines in Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue in Obese Men

Klimcakova, E., Polak, J., Moro, C., Hejnova, J., Majercik, M., Viguerie, N., Berlan, M., Langin, D., & Stich, V. (2006) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2006-0382 · Cited by 163

Metabolic syndrome, endothelial dysfunction, and risk of cardiovascular events: The Northern Manhattan Study (NOMAS)

Suzuki, T., Hirata, K., Elkind, M. S. V., Jin, Z., Rundek, T., Miyake, Y., Boden-Albala, B., Di Tullio, M. R., Sacco, R., & Homma, S. (2008) · American Heart Journal · doi:10.1016/j.ahj.2008.02.022 · Cited by 162

5′-AMP-activated protein kinase activity and protein expression are regulated by endurance training in human skeletal muscle

Frøsig, C., Jørgensen, S. B., Hardie, D. G., Richter, E. A., & Wojtaszewski, J. F. P. (2004) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00317.2003 · Cited by 161

Human IL6 enhances leptin action in mice

Sadagurski, M., Norquay, L., Farhang, J., D’Aquino, K., Copps, K., & White, M. F. (2010) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-009-1580-8 · Cited by 161

Skeletal Muscle Cells and Adipocytes Differ in Their Reliance on TC10 and Rac for Insulin-Induced Actin Remodeling

JeBailey, L., Rudich, A., Huang, X., Ciano-Oliveira, C. D., Kapus, A., & Klip, A. (2004) · Molecular Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/me.2003-0294 · Cited by 161

Regular exercise enhances insulin activation of IRS-1-associated PI3-kinase in human skeletal muscle

Kirwan, J. P., del Aguila, L. F., Hernandez, J. M., Williamson, D. L., O'Gorman, D. J., Lewis, R., & Krishnan, R. K. (2000) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.2000.88.2.797 · Cited by 160

Aerobic Fitness Attenuates the Metabolic Syndrome Score in Normal-Weight, at-Risk-for-Overweight, and Overweight Children

DuBose, K. D., Eisenmann, J. C., & Donnelly, J. E. (2007) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2007-0443 · Cited by 159

Elevated skeletal muscle glucose transporter levels in exercise-trained middle-aged men

Houmard, J. A., Egan, P. C., Neufer, P. D., Friedman, J. E., Wheeler, W. S., Israel, R. G., & Dohm, G. L. (1991) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.1991.261.4.e437 · Cited by 158

Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is one of the most abundant proteins secreted by human adipocytes and induces insulin resistance and inflammatory signaling in muscle and fat cells

Famulla, S., Lamers, D., Hartwig, S., Paßlack, W., Horrighs, A., Cramer, A., Lehr, S., Sell, H., & Eckel, J. (2010) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/ijo.2010.212 · Cited by 158

Associations Between Serum Resistin Levels and Insulin Resistance, Inflammation, and Coronary Artery Disease

Ohmori, R., Momiyama, Y., Kato, R., Taniguchi, H., Ogura, M., Ayaori, M., Nakamura, H., & Ohsuzu, F. (2005) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2005.04.022 · Cited by 158

Common genetic polymorphisms in the promoter of resistin gene are major determinants of plasma resistin concentrations in humans

Cho, Y. M., Youn, B.-S., Chung, S. S., Kim, K. W., Lee, H. K., Yu, K.-Y., Park, H. J., Shin, H. D., & Park, K. S. (2004) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-003-1319-x · Cited by 158

Lowering Physical Activity Impairs Glycemic Control in Healthy Volunteers

Mikus, C. R., Oberlin, D. J., Libla, J. L., Taylor, A. M., Booth, F. W., & Thyfault, J. P. (2011) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e31822ac0c0 · Cited by 155

Combined diet and exercise intervention reverses the metabolic syndrome in middle‐aged males: results from the Oslo Diet and Exercise Study

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Improvement in Risk Factors for Metabolic Syndrome and Insulin Resistance in Overweight Youth Who Are Treated With Lifestyle Intervention

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Effect of aging on response to exercise training in humans: skeletal muscle GLUT-4 and insulin sensitivity

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Short-term aerobic exercise training in obese humans with type 2 diabetes mellitus improves whole-body insulin sensitivity through gains in peripheral, not hepatic insulin sensitivity

Winnick, J. J., Sherman, W. M., Habash, D. L., Stout, M. B., Failla, M. L., Belury, M. A., & Schuster, D. P. (2008) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2007-1524 · Cited by 153

The Irs1 Branch of the Insulin Signaling Cascade Plays a Dominant Role in Hepatic Nutrient Homeostasis

Guo, S., Copps, K. D., Dong, X. C., Park, S., Cheng, Z., Pocai, A., Rossetti, L., Sajan, M. P., Farese, R. V., & White, M. F. (2009) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.00138-09 · Cited by 152

Effects of Resistance Training and Endurance Training on Insulin Sensitivity in Nonobese, Young Women: A Controlled Randomized Trial

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Toll-like receptors, inflammation, metabolism and obesity

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Effect of training on insulin-mediated glucose uptake in human muscle

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TBC1D1 is a candidate for a severe obesity gene and evidence for a gene/gene interaction in obesity predisposition

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