Mitigation of post‐traumatic stress symptoms by Cannabis resin: A review of the clinical and neurobiological evidence
Abstract
It is known from clinical studies that some patients attempt to cope with the symptoms of post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) by using recreational drugs. This review presents a case report of a 19‐year‐old male patient with a spectrum of severe PTSD symptoms, such as intense flashbacks, panic attacks, and self‐mutilation, who discovered that some of his major symptoms were dramatically reduced by smoking cannabis resin. The major part of this review is concerned with the clinical and preclinical neurobiological evidence in order to offer a potential explanation of these effects on symptom reduction in PTSD. This review shows that recent studies provided supporting evidence that PTSD patients may be able to cope with their symptoms by using cannabis products. Cannabis may dampen the strength or emotional impact of traumatic memories through synergistic mechanisms that might make it easier for people with PTSD to rest or sleep and to feel less anxious and less involved with flashback memories. The presence of endocannabinoid signalling systems within stress‐sensitive nuclei of the hypothalamus, as well as upstream limbic structures (amygdala), point to the significance of this system for the regulation of neuroendocrine and behavioural responses to stress. Evidence is increasingly accumulating that cannabinoids might play a role in fear extinction and antidepressive effects. It is concluded that further studies are warranted in order to evaluate the therapeutic potential of cannabinoids in PTSD. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists or plant-derived cannabinoids such as marijuana may possess some benefits in individuals with PTSD by helping relieve haunting nightmares and other symptoms of PTSD.
“Such findings substantiate, at least in part, emerging evidence that synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists50 or plant-derived cannabinoids such as marijuana51 may possess some benefits in individuals with PTSD by helping relieve haunting nightmares and other symptoms of PTSD.”
From Elevated brain cannabinoid CB1 receptor availability in post-traumatic stress disorder: A positron emission tomography study (2013) · cites this paper as [51]
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Reviewing the Potential of Psychedelics for the Treatment of PTSD
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Self-citationClinical applications of hallucinogens: a review
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- Authors
- Passie, T., Emrich, H. M., Karst, M., Brandt, S. D., & Halpern, J. H.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- Medizinische Hochschule Hannover (DE)
- Liverpool John Moores University (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Passie, Torsten
- Venue
- Drug Testing and Analysis
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2012-06-26
- Volume
- 4
- Issue
- 7-8
- Pages
- 649-659
- ISSN
- 1942-7603 (ISSN-L)
- 1942-7611
- OpenAlex
- W1859839572
- Cited by
- 117
- References
- 141
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 8.24
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Drug Testing and Analysis (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychedelics and Drug Studies
- Keywords
- post-traumatic stress disorder, hashish, cannabinoids, flashbacks, panic attacks, self-mutilation, endocannabinoid system, amygdala, hypothalamus, fear extinction, antidepressant effects, stress response, recreational drug use
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Antidepressive Agents, Anxiety, Cannabinoids, Cannabis, Humans, Hypnotics and Sedatives, Male, Sleep, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Young Adult, Endocannabinoids
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