Reward circuitry function in autism spectrum disorders
Open accessAbstract
Social interaction deficits and restricted repetitive behaviors and interests that characterize autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) may both reflect aberrant functioning of brain reward circuits. However, no neuroimaging study to date has investigated the integrity of reward circuits using an incentive delay paradigm in individuals with ASDs. In the present study, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging to assess blood-oxygen level-dependent activation during reward anticipation and outcomes in 15 participants with an ASD and 16 matched control participants. Brain activation was assessed during anticipation of and in response to monetary incentives and object image incentives previously shown to be visually salient for individuals with ASDs (e.g., trains, electronics). Participants with ASDs showed decreased nucleus accumbens activation during monetary anticipation and outcomes, but not during object anticipation or outcomes. Group × reward-type-interaction tests revealed robust interaction effects in bilateral nucleus accumbens during reward anticipation and in ventromedial prefrontal cortex during reward outcomes, indicating differential responses contingent on reward type in these regions. Results suggest that ASDs are characterized by reward-circuitry hypoactivation in response to monetary incentives but not in response to autism-relevant object images. The clinical implications of the double dissociation of reward type and temporal phase in reward circuitry function in ASD are discussed.
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Dichter et al. found the ASD group showed decreased NAc activation during monetary-reward anticipation, but ventromedial prefrontal cortex hyperactivation when viewing the circumscribed interest reward outcome.
“The ASD group showed decreased NAc activation during monetary-reward anticipation, but ventromedial prefrontal cortex hyperactivation when viewing the circumscribed interest reward outcome, suggesting that ASDs are characterized by reward-circuitry hypoactivation in response to monetary incentives but by hyperactivation during circumscribed interest reward outcomes.”
From Reward circuitry dysfunction in psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders and genetic syndromes: animal models and clinical findings (2012) · cites this paper as [575]
Four out of five published fMRI studies reported diminished VS activation in individuals with ASD compared with TDC when processing either social or monetary reward versus non-reward.
“Four out of five published fMRI studies reported diminished VS activation in individuals with ASD compared with TDC when processing either social or monetary reward versus non-reward [30,60-62].”
From Social “wanting” dysfunction in autism: neurobiological underpinnings and treatment implications (2012) · cites this paper as [60]
One investigation found greater activation in the vmPFC in response to autism-specific objects of interest in individuals with ASD relative to typical control participants.
“Lastly, one investigation found greater activation in the vmPFC in response to autism-specific objects of interest in individuals with ASD relative to typical control participants [60].”
From Social “wanting” dysfunction in autism: neurobiological underpinnings and treatment implications (2012) · cites this paper as [60]
In Dichter et al., adults with ASD showed decreased VS activation during periods of money anticipation and outcome, whereas VS activity was present for typical autism-specific objects of interest.
“First, they tested brain responses to money and typical autism-specific objects of interest (for example, trains, cars, plastic bricks) and found decreased VS activation in ASD during periods of money anticipation and outcome, whereas VS activity was present for typical autism-specific objects of interest [60].”
From Social “wanting” dysfunction in autism: neurobiological underpinnings and treatment implications (2012) · cites this paper as [60]
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“Obviously, a precise overlap between the two different experimental models cannot occur, as they are based on genetic (Fmr1 gene manipulation) and environmental (prenatal VPA exposure) factors, differently involved in syndromic and non-syndromic forms of ASD.”
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- Authors
- Dichter, G. S., Felder, J. N., Green, S. R., Rittenberg, A. M., Sasson, N. J., & Bodfish, J. W.
- Affiliations
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
- Venue
- Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2010-12-08
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 160-172
- ISSN
- 1749-5016 (ISSN-L)
- 1749-5024
- PMC
- PMC3277365
- OpenAlex
- W2158697067
- Cited by
- 296
- References
- 82
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 25 · 2019: 25 · 2018: 22 · 2017: 22 · 2016: 27 · 2015: 25 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 20
- FWCI
- 7.93
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc
- Locations
- Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Carolina Digital Repository (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill) (submittedVersion)
- UNC Libraries
- Funders
- Dana Foundation
- Foundation of Hope for Research and Treatment of Mental Illness
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH073402, K23MH081285)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (P30-HD03110, P30HD003110)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Keywords
- autism spectrum disorder, reward systems, nucleus accumbens, ventromedial prefrontal cortex, financial incentives, reward anticipation, reward outcome, social interaction deficits, restricted and repetitive behaviors
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Behavior, Brain, Brain Mapping, Child, Child Development Disorders, Pervasive, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Motivation, Nucleus Accumbens, Reward, Prefrontal Cortex, Neuroimaging
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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