Altered relationship between electrophysiological response to errors and gray matter volumes in an extended network for error‐processing in pediatric obsessive‐compulsive disorder
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Pediatric patients with obsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD) show an increased electrophysiological response to errors that is thought to be localized to the posterior medial prefrontal cortex (pMFC). However, the relation of this response, the error‐related negativity (ERN), to underlying brain structures remains unknown. In an examination of 20 pediatric OCD patients and 20 healthy youth, we found that more negative ERN amplitude was correlated with lower gray matter (GM) density in pMFC and orbital frontal cortex. The association of the ERN with pMFC gray matter volume was driven by the patient group. In addition, a group difference in the association of ERN with gray matter in right insula was observed, showing an association of these measures in healthy youth (more negative ERN amplitude was associated with lower GM density in insula), but not in patients. These findings provide preliminary evidence linking gray matter volumes in an extended network for error processing to the ERN, and suggest that structural alterations in this network may underlie exaggeration of the ERN in pediatric OCD. Hum Brain Mapp 35:1143–1153, 2014 . © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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The enlarged ERN effect in paediatric OCD was generally specific to error processing, because the correct-response negativity was often unchanged.
“This effect was generally specific to error processing, because the correct-response negativity was often unchanged, suggesting that the abnormality did not simply reflect a general increase in response-related activity [34,37,38,40,42].”
From Electrophysiological Correlates of Cognitive Dysfunction in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD): A Systematic and Mechanistic Review of EEG, ERP, and QEEG Evidence (2026) · cites this paper as [40]
The ERP Data section reports enhanced ERN and error-minus-correct-response negativity (dERN) in children with OCD, supporting a difference tied to error responses. The ERP Task, Recording, and Analysis section defines dERN using correct-response negativity (CRN), but the paper does not report that CRN itself was unchanged between groups. No page number is available for these passages. (LLM, conf=0.83)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn some studies, enlarged ERN appeared even when OCD patients and controls did not differ in reaction times, number of errors, or post-error slowing.
“In some studies, this enlarged ERN appeared even when OCD patients and controls did not differ in reaction times, number of errors, or post-error slowing [33,34,40,42], indicating that heightened error-monitoring activity can be present without overt cognitive-performance impairment.”
From Electrophysiological Correlates of Cognitive Dysfunction in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD): A Systematic and Mechanistic Review of EEG, ERP, and QEEG Evidence (2026) · cites this paper as [40]
The ERP Data section reports an enlarged ERN in children with OCD, while Behavioral Data reports no group difference in reaction times or number of errors; Table II appears on p. 1146. The paper does not report a comparison of post-error slowing, so it does not support that part of the claim. (LLM, conf=0.90)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn most pediatric studies reviewed, only the amplitude of the ERN/CRN component was measured and statistically analyzed, but close examination of Pe/Pc tracings revealed that in most of them, the amplitude of the Pe component appeared substantially smaller in children with OCD than in control children or adolescents.
“In most cases, only the amplitude of the ERN/CRN component was measured and statistically analyzed. However, close examination of the Pe/Pc tracings obtained in these studies revealed that in most of them, the amplitude of the Pe component appeared to be substantially smaller in children with OCD than in control children or adolescents [25, 33–36, 64, 65].”
From Error-Related Brain Potentials as Biomarkers of Pathology Severity and Treatment Resistance in Patients With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (2026) · cites this paper as [65]
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Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn paediatric samples, youths with OCD repeatedly showed enlarged ERN amplitudes relative to healthy controls during modified Eriksen flanker tasks.
“In paediatric samples, youths with OCD repeatedly showed enlarged ERN amplitudes relative to healthy controls during modified Eriksen flanker tasks [33,34,37,38,39,40,45,50].”
In paediatric OCD, larger ERN amplitudes were sometimes associated with better task accuracy or fewer errors.
“In paediatric OCD, larger ERN amplitudes were sometimes associated with better task accuracy or fewer errors [38,39,40,50].”
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“However, close examination of the Pe/Pc tracings obtained in these studies revealed that in most of them, the amplitude of the Pe component appeared to be substantially smaller in children with OCD than in control children or adolescents [25, 33 – 36, 64, 65].”
Carlisi, C. O. (2017) · Research Portal (King's College London)
The neurocognitive correlates of compulsivity
Seow, X. F. T. (2020) · Arrow@dit (Dublin Institute of Technology)
Genetics of Childhood and Adolescent Anxiety and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders
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- Authors
- Liu, Y., Hanna, G. L., Carrasco, M., Gehring, W. J., & Fitzgerald, K. D.
- Affiliations
- University of Michigan (US)
- Venue
- Human Brain Mapping
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2013-02-18
- Volume
- 35
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 1143-1153
- ISSN
- 1065-9471 (ISSN-L)
- 1097-0193
- PMC
- PMC6869481
- OpenAlex
- W2145091723
- Cited by
- 28
- References
- 65
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 2.22
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Human Brain Mapping (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Deep Blue (University of Michigan) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- International OCD Foundation
- University of Michigan
- National Alliance for Research on Schizophrenia and Depression
- National Institute of Mental Health (F31MH086273, R01 MH086321, K23MH082176)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Keywords
- pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder, error-related negativity, error processing, gray matter density, orbitofrontal cortex, insula, gray matter volume, structural alterations
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Brain, Brain Mapping, Cerebral Cortex, Child, Electroencephalography, Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Female, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Neural Pathways, Neuropsychological Tests, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Reinforcement, Psychology, Feedback, Psychological, Nerve Fibers, Unmyelinated, Young Adult
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