The role of testosterone and estradiol in brain volume changes across adolescence: a longitudinal structural MRI study
Open accessAbstract
It has been postulated that pubertal hormones may drive some neuroanatomical changes during adolescence, and may do so differently in girls and boys. Here, we use growth curve modeling to directly assess how sex hormones [testosterone (T) and estradiol (E₂)] relate to changes in subcortical brain volumes utilizing a longitudinal design. 126 adolescents (63 girls), ages 10 to 14, were imaged and restudied ∼2 years later. We show, for the first time, that best-fit growth models are distinctly different when using hormones as compared to a physical proxy of pubertal maturation (Tanner Stage) or age, to predict brain development. Like Tanner Stage, T and E₂ predicted white matter and right amygdala growth across adolescence in both sexes, independent of age. Tanner Stage also explained decreases in both gray matter and caudate volumes, whereas E₂ explained only gray matter decreases and T explained only caudate volume decreases. No pubertal measures were related to hippocampus development. Although specificity was seen, sex hormones had strikingly similar relationships with white matter, gray matter, right amygdala, and bilateral caudate volumes, with larger changes in brain volume seen at early pubertal maturation (as indexed by lower hormone levels), followed by less robust, or even reversals in growth, by late puberty. These novel longitudinal findings on the relationship between hormones and brain volume change represent crucial first steps toward understanding which aspects of puberty influence neurodevelopment.
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Among pubertal girls, increased estradiol levels have been associated with increased white matter growth and decreased pubertal grey matter pruning.
“Among pubertal girls, increased estradiol levels have been associated with increased white matter growth and decreased pubertal grey matter pruning”
From Becoming a sexual being: The “elephant in the room” of adolescent brain development (2017) · cites this paper as Herting et al., 2014
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Background
- Authors
- Herting, M. M., Gautam, P., Spielberg, J. M., Kan, E., Dahl, R. E., & Sowell, E. R.
- Affiliations
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles (US)
- University of California, Berkeley (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Human Brain Mapping
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2014-06-30
- Volume
- 35
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 5633-5645
- ISSN
- 1065-9471 (ISSN-L)
- 1097-0193
- PMC
- PMC4452029
- OpenAlex
- W2163209315
- Cited by
- 224
- References
- 64
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 29 · 2019: 28 · 2018: 31 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 18.98
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Human Brain Mapping (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01 DA018910 (R.E.D.))
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01 MH087563 (E.R.S.))
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (F32 HD07804 (M.M.H.) and R01 HD053893 (E.R.S.))
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Sexual Differentiation and Disorders
- Keywords
- testosterone, estradiol, sex hormones, pubertal hormones, brain volume changes, adolescent brain development, subcortical structures, white matter, gray matter, amygdala, caudate nucleus, hippocampus, Tanner stages, pubertal development, sex differences
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Brain, Brain Mapping, Child, Estradiol, Female, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Sex Factors, Testosterone, Linear Models, Gray Matter
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