Cited by 166SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 ResearchCOVID-19 Clinical Research StudiesSARS-CoV-2 detection and testing

Microstructure, pathophysiology, and potential therapeutics of COVID‐19: A comprehensive review

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Singh, Satarudra Prakash, Pritam, Manisha, Pandey, Brijesh, Yadav, Thakur Prasad·2021·Journal of Medical Virology

Abstract

There have been over seven million cases and almost 413 372 deaths globally due to the novel coronavirus (2019‐nCoV) associated disease COVID‐19, as of 11 June 2020. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that there is a common source for these infections. The overall sequence similarities between the spike protein of 2019‐nCoV and that of SARS‐CoV are known to be around 76% to 78% and 73% to 76% for the whole protein and receptor‐binding domain (RBD), respectively. Thus, they have the potential to serve as the drug and/or vaccine candidate. However, the individual response against 2019‐nCoV differs due to genetic variations in the human population. Understanding the variations in angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) that may affect the severity of 2019‐nCoV infection could help in identifying individuals at a higher risk from the COVID‐19. A number of potential drugs/vaccines as well as antibody/cytokine‐based therapeutics are in various developmental stages of preclinical/clinical trials against SARS‐CoV, MERS‐CoV, and 2019‐nCoV with substantial cross‐reactivity, and may be used against COVID‐19. For diagnosis, the reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction is the gold standard test for initial diagnosis of COVID‐19. A kit based on serological tests are also recommended for investigating the spread of COVID‐19 but this is challenging due to the antibodies cross‐reactivity. This review comprehensively summarizes the recent reports available regarding the host‐pathogen interaction, morphological and genomic structure of the virus, and the diagnostic techniques as well as the available potential therapeutics against COVID‐19.

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  • The S2 subunit comprises FP, HR, CH, CD, TMD, CT, and is responsible for mediating fusion between virus and host cell membrane.

    “The S2 subunit comprises the fusion peptide (FP), double heptad repeat (HR), central helix region (CH), connector domain (CD), transmembrane domain (TMD), and cytoplasmic tail (CT), and the S2 subunit is responsible for mediating the fusion between the virus and the host cell membrane233–236”

    From Advances in COVID-19 mRNA vaccine development (2022) · cites this paper as [235]

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Authors
Singh, S. P., Pritam, M., Pandey, B., & Yadav, T. P.
Affiliations
  • Mahatma Gandhi Central University (IN)
  • Amity University (IN)
  • Banaras Hindu University (IN)
Corresponding author
Singh, Satarudra Prakash
Venue
Journal of Medical Virology
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2020-07-15
Volume
93
Issue
1
Pages
275-299
ISSN
  • 0146-6615 (ISSN-L)
  • 1096-9071
OpenAlex
W3039007826
Cited by
166
References
188
Citations by year
2026: 5 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 27 · 2023: 36 · 2022: 54 · 2021: 34 · 2020: 6
FWCI
1.54
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Journal of Medical Virology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › SARS-CoV-2 detection and testing
Keywords
COVID-19 pandemic, SARS-CoV-2, host-pathogen interaction, viral genome, spike protein, receptor binding domain, ACE2, disease severity, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, cross-reactivity, therapeutics, vaccines, therapeutic antibodies, cytokine therapy, RT-PCR diagnosis, serological tests, antibody cross-reactivity
MeSH terms
COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Animals, Antibodies, Viral, Chiroptera, Cross Reactions, Humans, Phylogeny, Receptors, Virus, Host-Pathogen Interactions, Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus

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