Cited by 1,505Substance Abuse Treatment and OutcomesNeurotransmitter Receptor Influence on BehaviorStress Responses and Cortisol

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How does stress increase risk of drug abuse and relapse?

Sinha, Rajita·2001·Psychopharmacology

DOI 10.1007/s002130100917

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Abstract

Rationale The notion that stress leads to drug abuse in vulnerable individuals and relapse in addicts is not new. Most major theories of addiction postulate that stress plays an important role in increasing drug use and relapse. Several animal studies and some human laboratory studies have shown that stress exposure enhances drug self-administration. Although clinical observations suggest that exposure to stress increases drug use, and are associated with craving and relapse in addicts, human research in this area is largely correlational and at times contradictory.Objective Given the growing preclinical evidence that supports the key role of stress in substance abuse, careful examination of this research area in humans is warranted. This paper examines empirical evidence on how stress may increase the vulnerability to drug abuse, and explores whether chronic drug abuse alters the stress response and coping in addicts, thereby increasing the likelihood of drug seeking and relapse. Unanswered questions on the association between stress and substance abuse in humans are identified.Conclusion Preclinical research has shown that stress, in addition to drug itself, plays a key role in perpetuating drug abuse and relapse. However, the mechanisms underlying this association in humans remain unclear. A greater understanding of how stress may perpetuate drug abuse will likely have a significant impact on both prevention and treatment development in the field of addiction.

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Authors: Sinha, R.
Affiliations: Yale University (US)
Corresponding author: Sinha, Rajita
ORCID: Sinha, Rajita
Venue: Psychopharmacology
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2001-12-01
Volume: 158
Issue: 4
Pages: 343-359
ISSN: 0033-3158 (ISSN-L)
1432-2072
DOI: 10.1007/s002130100917
OpenAlex: W1984346427
Semantic Scholar: 81996b4691a9c531758df882218ad0286494d73e
Cited by: 1,505
References: 259
Citations by year: 2026: 25 · 2025: 43 · 2024: 45 · 2023: 53 · 2022: 67 · 2021: 76 · 2020: 134 · 2019: 75 · 2018: 102 · 2017: 65 · 2016: 77 · 2015: 67 · 2014: 73 · 2013: 67 · 2012: 81
FWCI: 13.05
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations: Psychopharmacology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health
National Institute on Drug Abuse (P50DA009241, K12DA014038, DA14038, R01DA011077)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
Keywords: stress, drug abuse, relapse, addiction, craving, self-administration, stress response, coping, chronic drug abuse, drug-seeking behavior, addiction prevention, addiction treatment
MeSH terms: Adaptation, Biological, Adaptation, Psychological, Animals, Humans, Models, Biological, Neural Pathways, Recurrence, Risk, Stress, Physiological, Stress, Psychological, Behavior, Addictive, Substance-Related Disorders

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How does stress increase risk of drug abuse and relapse?

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