Age-related influence of contingencies on a saccade task
Open accessAbstract
Adolescence is characterized by increased risk-taking and sensation-seeking, presumably brought about by developmental changes within reward-mediating brain circuits. A better understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying reward-seeking during adolescence can have critical implications for the development of strategies to enhance adolescent performance in potentially dangerous situations. Yet little research has investigated the influence of age on the modulation of behavior by incentives with neuroscience-based methods. A monetary reward antisaccade task (the RST) was used with 23 healthy adolescents and 30 healthy adults. Performance accuracy, latency and peak velocity of saccade responses (prosaccades and antisaccades) were analyzed. Performance accuracy across all groups was improved by incentives (obtain reward, avoid punishment) for both, prosaccades and antisaccades. However, modulation of antisaccade errors (direction errors) by incentives differed between groups: adolescents modulated saccade latency and peak velocity depending on contingencies, with incentives aligning their performance to that of adults; adults did not show a modulation by incentives. These findings suggest that incentives modulate a global measure of performance (percent direction errors) in adults and adolescents, and exert a more powerful influence on the control of incorrect motor responses in adolescents than in adults. These findings suggest that this task can be used in neuroimaging studies as a probe of the influence of incentives on cognitive control from a developmental perspective as well as in health and disease.
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In several studies that have rewarded participants for better performance on an antisaccade task, researchers have found that incentives boost adolescents' performance to adult levels.
“In several studies that have rewarded participants for better performance on an antisaccade task, researchers have found that incentives boost adolescents’ performance to adult levels (Geier et al., 2010, Jazbec et al., 2006, Padmanabhan et al., 2011).”
From The dual systems model: Review, reappraisal, and reaffirmation (2016) · cites this paper as Jazbec et al., 2006
The Discussion reports that incentives brought adolescents’ latency and peak velocity on incorrect antisaccade responses to adult levels. It also says adults remained more accurate than adolescents, so the claim overgeneralizes the finding to antisaccade performance as a whole. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredFindings on whether performance on control measures can be affected by reward availability are mixed, but provide evidence that developmental differences in control can be reduced or eliminated when successful performance is directly and adequately rewarded.
“The findings are somewhat mixed, but provide evidence that developmental differences in control can be reduced (or eliminated) when successful performance is directly and adequately rewarded.”
From Impact of socio-emotional context, brain development, and pubertal maturation on adolescent risk-taking (2013) · cites this paper as Jazbec, et al., 2006
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Jazbec, S., Hardin, M. G., Schroth, E., McClure, E., Pine, D. S., & Ernst, M.
- Affiliations
- United States Department of Health and Human Services (US)
- ORCID
- Pine, Daniel S.
- Venue
- Experimental Brain Research
- Published
- 2006-05-30
- Volume
- 174
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 754-762
- ISSN
- 0014-4819 (ISSN-L)
- 1432-1106
- PMC
- PMC2733163
- OpenAlex
- W2086634842
- Cited by
- 85
- References
- 61
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 1.62
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Experimental Brain Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Digital Archive @ GSU (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (Z99 MH999999)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › General Decision Sciences › Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics
- Keywords
- adolescence, reward contingency, financial incentives, antisaccade task, saccade latency, saccade velocity, cognitive control, reward seeking, prosaccades, age differences
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aging, Attention, Female, Humans, Male, Photic Stimulation, Reaction Time, Reinforcement, Psychology, Saccades
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