Canine and Feline Infections by Cardiopulmonary Nematodes in Central and Southern Italy
Abstract
Capillaria aerophila, Aelurostrongylus abstrusus, Angiostrongylus vasorum and Dirofilaria immitis are cardiopulmonary nematodes affecting dogs and cats and presently emerging in several countries. The results obtained in 2009 - 2010 during a study aiming to investigate the occurrence of these nematodes in regions from Central (Marche and Abruzzo regions--Sites A and B, respectively) and southern (Apulia--Site C) Italy are here reported. A total of 534 and 436 individual faecal samples collected from dogs and cats were examined, together with 471 and 34 faecal environmental samples taken from dog shelters and catteries. One hundred and ninety-two individual blood samples were also collected from dogs. Faeces were examined using copromicroscopical flotations and Baermann technique, whereas blood samples were tested by Knott's method. Eggs of C. aerophila were detected in 1.48 % and 20 % (Site A), 8.67 % and 2.71 % (Site B), and 16.67 % and 0 % (Site C) of individual and environmental canine samples. C. aerophila was found in 2.90 % (Site A), 3.03 % (Site B) and 14.29 % (Site C) of individual cats. Larvae of A. vasorum were found in 0.96 % and 2.48 % of individual and environmental samples from Site B, respectively, while those of A. abstrusus in 1.82 % (Site A) and 9.96 % (Site B) of individual faeces. Microfilariae of Dirofilaria immitis, identified on the basis of key morphological and morphometric features, were detected in 2.56 % of samples collected from Site B. Despite the small sample size, these results indicate that cardiopulmonary nematodes occur in Central and southern Italy, thus they should be included in the differential diagnosis of pet cardiorespiratory diseases. Larger surveys are necessary to gain more information on the diffusion of these parasites, especially for C. aerophila and A. vasorum, for which the actual distribution is poorly known.
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The prevalence of A. vasorum found in this study (5%) is higher than that observed (about 2%) in dogs from other areas of Italy.
“The prevalence of A. vasorum found in this study (5%) is higher than that observed (about 2%) in dogs from other areas of Italy [8,9,16].”
From <i>Leishmania infantum</i>, <i>Dirofilaria</i> spp. and other endoparasite infections in kennel dogs in central Italy (2018) · cites this paper as [9]
Regions in central Italy may offer ideal environmental and epidemiological conditions for the spread of A. vasorum.
“This finding confirms that regions in central Italy may offer ideal environmental and epidemiological conditions for the spread of this parasite [9,16].”
From <i>Leishmania infantum</i>, <i>Dirofilaria</i> spp. and other endoparasite infections in kennel dogs in central Italy (2018) · cites this paper as [9]
The prevalence of E. aerophilus found in this study (1.7%) is consistent with previous data reported in dogs from Italy, ranging from about 0.3% to 17%.
“The prevalence of E. aerophilus found in the present study (1.7%) is consistent with previous data reported in dogs from Italy, ranging from about 0.3% to 17% [9,31,50,53].”
From <i>Leishmania infantum</i>, <i>Dirofilaria</i> spp. and other endoparasite infections in kennel dogs in central Italy (2018) · cites this paper as [9]
Cardio-pulmonary nematodes are spreading and/or emerging in several countries of Europe.
“Such an approach could be endorsed by veterinarians and pet owners elsewhere because, regardless of the ubiquitous distribution of intestinal worms [5,6], cardio-pulmonary nematodes are spreading and/or emerging in several countries of Europe [3,152], and there is a risk of importation and establishment (A. vasorum) in the Americas [153].”
From Fleas infesting pets in the era of emerging extra-intestinal nematodes (2013) · cites this paper as [152]
Italy is a key country for the emergence and spreading of cardio-pulmonary nematodes, with D. immitis hyper-endemic in the North and expanding southward, A. vasorum potentially spreading in all the territory, and C. aerophila and A. abstrusus widely distributed with prevalence rates up to 7% and 20% respectively.
“At the same time Italy is a key country for the emergence and spreading of cardio-pulmonary nematodes, with D. immitis being hyper-endemic in the North and expanding southward, A. vasorum potentially spreading in all the territory, and C. aerophila and A. abstrusus widely distributed with prevalence rates up to 7% and 20% respectively [3,56,152,169,170].”
From Fleas infesting pets in the era of emerging extra-intestinal nematodes (2013) · cites this paper as [152]
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Felid Lungworms and Heartworms in Italy: More Questions than Answers?
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Angiostrongylus vasorum infection in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in southern Italy
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Challenges in diagnosing respiratory capillarioses in dogs and cats
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Self-citationA nationwide epidemiological update on respiratory and intestinal nematodes in at-risk dogs in Italy
Morelli, S., Diaferia, M., Veronesi, F., Damiani, D., di Regalbono, A. F., Ferroglio, E., Humak, F., Kramer, L. H., Allievi, C., Barlaam, A., et al. (2026) · Veterinary Parasitology · doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2026.110922
Self-citation
- Authors
- Di Cesare, A., Castagna, G., Meloni, S., Milillo, P., Latrofa, S., Otranto, D., & Traversa, D.
- Affiliations
- University of Teramo (IT)
- University of Bari Aldo Moro (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Traversa, Donato
- Venue
- Parasitology Research
- Published
- 2011-07-08
- Volume
- 109
- Issue
- S1
- Pages
- 87-96
- ISSN
- 0044-3255 (ISSN-L)
- 0932-0113
- 1432-1955
- OpenAlex
- W2057182538
- Semantic Scholar
- 41dcc03d43e2abb5e6cbabe59efb5bab29e9dee8
- Cited by
- 82
- References
- 52
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 15.51
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Parasitology Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- CINECA IRIS Institutional Research Information System (University of Bari Aldo Moro) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Regione Abruzzo
- Bayer Animal Health
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Veterinary › Small Animals › Helminth infection and control
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Insect Science › Mollusks and Parasites Studies
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Parasite Biology and Host Interactions
- Keywords
- Capillaria aerophila, Aelurostrongylus abstrusus, Angiostrongylus vasorum, Dirofilaria immitis, canine parasites, feline parasites, prevalence, fecal egg detection, microfilariae, dog shelters, catteries
- MeSH terms
- Angiostrongylus, Animals, Capillaria, Cat Diseases, Cats, Dirofilaria, Dog Diseases, Dogs, Feces, Italy, Larva, Nematode Infections, Parasite Egg Count
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