Brief Report: Atypical Social Cognition and Social Behaviours in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Different Way of Processing Rather than an Impairment
Abstract
A central question to autism research is whether autism is largely the result of an impairment in social cognition and/or motivation or the result of a more general processing difference. This review discusses problems with the "social deficit" model of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). It is suggested that superior attention to low-level perceptual information potentially coupled with decreased attention to global information may provide a more comprehensive explanation for atypical social behaviours in ASD. This processing style may reflect increased activation of occipital-temporal regions and reduced functional (and possibly anatomical) connectivity. It is concluded that atypical social behaviours in ASD are more likely to be a consequence reflective of a general processing difference than impairment in social cognition and/or motivation.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The social motivation theory of ASD posits that ASD can be construed as an extreme case of reduced social interest.
“the social motivation theory of ASD posits that ASD can be construed as an extreme case of reduced social interest.”
From Social “wanting” dysfunction in autism: neurobiological underpinnings and treatment implications (2012) · cites this paper as [183]
This reduction fundamentally alters how individuals with ASD attend to and interact with the world, depriving them of crucial social perceptual and social cognitive learning opportunities.
“This reduction fundamentally alters how individuals with ASD attend to and interact with the world, depriving them of crucial social perceptual and social cognitive learning opportunities [2,4,40,41,54,183]).”
From Social “wanting” dysfunction in autism: neurobiological underpinnings and treatment implications (2012) · cites this paper as [183]
Cites
(1943) · The Nervous child · Cited by 8,870 · see citing works
The basis of anisotropic water diffusion in the nervous system—A technical review.
Beaulieu, C. (2002) · NMR in Biomedicine · doi:10.1002/nbm.782 · Cited by 4,653 · see citing works
Baron‐Cohen, S., Wheelwright, S., Hill, J., Raste, Y., & Plumb, I. (2001) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/1469-7610.00715 · Cited by 4,555 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Past researchers have suggested that this may result from decreased understanding of eye expressions perhaps resulting from a more general impairment in social cognition (Baron-Cohen et al. 2001; Klin et al. 2003).”
BackgroundBaron‐Cohen, S., Wheelwright, S. J., Hill, J., Raste, Y., & Plumb, I. (2001) · PubMed · Cited by 4,313 · see citing works
The weak coherence account: detail-focused cognitive style in autism spectrum disorders
Happé, F., & Frith, U. (2006) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-005-0039-0 · Cited by 2,884 · see citing works
(1989) · UCL Discovery (University College London) · Cited by 2,724 · see citing works
DSM-IV: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
Bell, C. C. (1994) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1994.03520100096046 · Cited by 2,608 · see citing works
Happé, F. G. E. (1994) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/bf02172093 · Cited by 2,352 · see citing works
Die „Autistischen Psychopathen” im Kindesalter
Asperger, H. (1944) · Archiv für Psychiatrie und Nervenkrankheiten · doi:10.1007/bf01837709 · Cited by 2,163 · see citing works
Klin, A., Jones, W., Schultz, R., Volkmar, F., & Cohen, D. (2002) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.59.9.809 · Cited by 2,120 · see citing works
Baron‐Cohen, S., Jolliffe, T., Mortimore, C., & Robertson, M. (1997) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1997.tb01599.x · Cited by 1,970 · see citing works
Enhanced Perceptual Functioning in Autism: An Update, and Eight Principles of Autistic Perception
Mottron, L., Dawson, M., Soulières, I., Hubert, B., & Burack, J. (2006) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-005-0040-7 · Cited by 1,957 · see citing works
Executive function deficits in high-functioning autistic individuals: Relationship to theory of mind
Ozonoff, S., Pennington, B. F., & Rogers, S. J. (1991) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1991.tb00351.x · Cited by 1,766 · see citing works
Dapretto, M., Davies, M. S., Pfeifer, J. H., Scott, A. A., Sigman, M., Bookheimer, S. Y., & Iacoboni, M. (2006) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn1611 · Cited by 1,694 · see citing works
Just, M. A. (2004) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awh199 · Cited by 1,589 · see citing works
Gaze fixation and the neural circuitry of face processing in autism
Dalton, K. M., Nacewicz, B. M., Johnstone, T., Schaefer, H. S., Gernsbacher, M. A., Goldsmith, H. H., Alexander, A. L., & Davidson, R. J. (2005) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn1421 · Cited by 1,543 · see citing works
Basser, P. J. (1995) · NMR in Biomedicine · doi:10.1002/nbm.1940080707 · Cited by 1,526 · see citing works
Unusual brain growth patterns in early life in patients with autistic disorder: An MRI study
Courchesne, E., Karns, C. M., Davis, H. R., Ziccardi, R., Carper, R. A., Tigue, Z. D., Chisum, H. J., Moses, P., Pierce, K., Lord, C., et al. (2001) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.57.2.245 · Cited by 1,487 · see citing works
Castelli, F. (2002) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awf189 · Cited by 1,377 · see citing works
Social intelligence in the normal and autistic brain: An fMRI study
Baron‐Cohen, S., Ring, H. A., Wheelwright, S., Bullmore, E. T., Brammer, M. J., Simmons, A., & Williams, S. C. R. (1999) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1046/j.1460-9568.1999.00621.x · Cited by 1,320 · see citing works
Early recognition of children with autism: a study of first birthday home videotapes
Osterling, J., & Dawson, G. (1994) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/bf02172225 · Cited by 1,290 · see citing works
Varieties of Repetitive Behavior in Autism: Comparisons to Mental Retardation
Bodfish, J. W., Symons, F. J., Parker, D. E., & Lewis, M. H. (2000) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1023/a:1005596502855 · Cited by 1,223 · see citing works
Visual scanning of faces in autism
Pelphrey, K. A., Sasson, N. J., Reznick, J. S., Paul, G., Goldman, B. D., & Piven, J. (2002) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1023/a:1016374617369 · Cited by 1,187 · see citing works
Evidence of Brain Overgrowth in the First Year of Life in Autism
Courchesne, E. (2003) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.290.3.337 · Cited by 1,120 · see citing works
A longitudinal study of joint attention and language development in autistic children
Mundy, P., Sigman, M., & Kasari, C. (1990) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/bf02206861 · Cited by 1,119 · see citing works
Just, M. A., Cherkassky, V. L., Keller, T. A., Kana, R. K., & Minshew, N. J. (2007) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhl006 · Cited by 1,081 · see citing works
Schultz, R. T. (2005) · International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2004.12.012 · Cited by 1,071 · see citing works
Social Intelligence in the Normal and Autistic Brain: An fMRI Study
Baron‐Cohen, S., RING, H. A., Wheelwright, S. J., Bullmore, E. T., Brammer, M. J., Simmons, A., & Williams, S. (2002) · The MIT Press eBooks · doi:10.7551/mitpress/3077.003.0028 · Cited by 1,044 · see citing works
Schultz, R. T., Gauthier, I., Klin, A., Fulbright, R. K., Anderson, A. W., Volkmar, F., Skudlarski, P., Lacadie, C., Cohen, D. J., & Gore, J. C. (2000) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.57.4.331 · Cited by 1,000 · see citing works
Dawson, G., Webb, S. J., & McPartland, J. (2005) · Developmental Neuropsychology · doi:10.1207/s15326942dn2703_6 · Cited by 989 · see citing works
Courchesne, E., & Pierce, K. (2005) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.conb.2005.03.001 · Cited by 968 · see citing works
Why Do Autistic Individuals Show Superior Performance on the Block Design Task?
Shah, A., & Uta Frith, A. (1993) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1993.tb02095.x · Cited by 941 · see citing works
Face processing occurs outside the fusiform ‘face area’ in autism: evidence from functional MRI
Pierce, K. (2001) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/124.10.2059 · Cited by 898 · see citing works
The enactive mind, or from actions to cognition: lessons from autism
Klin, A., Jones, W., Schultz, R., & Volkmar, F. (2003) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2002.1202 · Cited by 890 · see citing works
An islet of ability in autistic children: a research note
Shah, A., & Frith, U. (1983) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1983.tb00137.x · Cited by 888 · see citing works
The functional neuroanatomy of social behaviour
Critchley, H. D., Daly, E. M., Bullmore, E. T., Williams, S. C. R., Van Amelsvoort, T., Robertson, D. M., Rowe, A., Phillips, M., McAlonan, G., Howlin, P., et al. (2000) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/123.11.2203 · Cited by 816 · see citing works
White matter structure in autism: preliminary evidence from diffusion tensor imaging
Barnea‐Goraly, N., Kwon, H., Menon, V., D, S. E. M., Lotspeich, L. J., & Reiss, A. L. (2004) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2003.10.022 · Cited by 780 · see citing works
Are People with Autism and Asperger Syndrome Faster Than Normal on the Embedded Figures Test?
Jolliffe, T., & Baron‐Cohen, S. (1997) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1997.tb01539.x · Cited by 744 · see citing works
Thinking in pictures: and other reports from my life with autism
(1996) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.33-5387 · Cited by 692 · see citing works
Siller, M., & Sigman, M. (2002) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1023/a:1014884404276 · Cited by 644 · see citing works
THE AUTISTIC CHILD'S APPRAISAL OF EXPRESSIONS OF EMOTION
Hobson, R. P. (1986) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1986.tb01836.x · Cited by 633 · see citing works
Functional connectivity in a baseline resting-state network in autism
Cherkassky, V. L., Kana, R. K., Keller, T. A., & Just, M. A. (2006) · NeuroReport · doi:10.1097/01.wnr.0000239956.45448.4c · Cited by 622 · see citing works
Functional connectivity in an fMRI working memory task in high-functioning autism
Koshino, H., Carpenter, P. A., Minshew, N. J., Cherkassky, V. L., Keller, T. A., & Just, M. A. (2005) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.09.028 · Cited by 614 · see citing works
Rogers, S. J., Hepburn, S., & Wehner, E. (2003) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1023/b:jadd.0000006000.38991.a7 · Cited by 609 · see citing works
Psychological Markers in the Detection of Autism in Infancy in a Large Population
Baron‐Cohen, S., Cox, A., Baird, G., Swettenham, J., Nightingale, N., Morgan, K., Drew, A., & Charman, T. (1996) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.168.2.158 · Cited by 605 · see citing works
Abnormal Processing of Social Information from Faces in Autism
Adolphs, R., Sears, L. L., & Piven, J. (2001) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/089892901564289 · Cited by 590 · see citing works
‘Theory of mind’ in the brain. Evidence from a PET scan study of Asperger syndrome
Happe, F. G. E., Ehlers, S., Fletcher, P. C., Uta Frith, A., Johansson, M., Gillberg, C., Dolan, R. J., Frackowiak, R. S. J., & Frith, C. (1996) · Neuroreport · doi:10.1097/00001756-199612200-00040 · Cited by 577 · see citing works
Cerebral Lobes in Autism: Early Hyperplasia and Abnormal Age Effects
Carper, R. (2002) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1006/nimg.2002.1099 · Cited by 566 · see citing works
“Theory of Mind” in Asperger's Syndrome Dermot M. Bowler
Bowler, D. M. (1992) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb01962.x · Cited by 534 · see citing works
Sentence comprehension in autism: thinking in pictures with decreased functional connectivity
Kana, R. K. (2006) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awl164 · Cited by 530 · see citing works
Asperger's Syndrome: A Guide for Parents and Professionals
Attwood, T. (1997) · Cited by 497 · see citing works
McAlonan, G. M. (2004) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awh332 · Cited by 491 · see citing works
Boddaert, N., Chabane, N., Gervais, H., Good, C. D., Bourgeois, M., Plumet, M.-H., Barthélémy, C., Mouren, M.-C., Artiges, E., Samson, Y., et al. (2004) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.06.016 · Cited by 481 · see citing works
What's in a face? The case of autism
Hobson, R. P., Ouston, J., & Lee, A. L. (1988) · British Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.2044-8295.1988.tb02745.x · Cited by 452 · see citing works
Neural basis of irony comprehension in children with autism: the role of prosody and context
Wang, A. T., Lee, S. S., Sigman, M., & Dapretto, M. (2006) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awl032 · Cited by 447 · see citing works
Belmonte, M. K., Cook, E. H., Anderson, G. M., Rubenstein, J. L. R., Greenough, W. T., Beckel-Mitchener, A., Courchesne, E., Boulanger, L. M., Powell, S. B., Levitt, P. R., et al. (2004) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4001499 · Cited by 442 · see citing works
The brain response to personally familiar faces in autism: Findings of fusiform activity and beyond
Pierce, K. (2004) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awh289 · Cited by 432 · see citing works
Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders
Schopler, E., & Toplis, R. M. (2008) · Encyclopedia of Special Education · doi:10.1002/9780470373699.speced1156 · Cited by 432 · see citing works
Individual differences in joint attention skill development in the second year
Mundy, P., & Gomes, A. (1998) · Infant Behavior and Development · doi:10.1016/s0163-6383(98)90020-0 · Cited by 412 · see citing works
Plaisted, K., Swettenham, J., & Rees, L. (1999) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/1469-7610.00489 · Cited by 409 · see citing works
McPartland, J. C., Dawson, G., Webb, S. J., Panagiotides, H., & Carver, L. J. (2004) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2004.00318.x · Cited by 406 · see citing works
Wheeless, L. R., Wheeless, V. E., & Dickson‐Markman, F. (1982) · Small Group Behavior · doi:10.1177/104649648201300307 · Cited by 386 · see citing works
Blind Ratings of Early Symptoms of Autism Based upon Family Home Movies
Adrien, J., Lenoir, P., Martineau, J., PERROT, A., HAMEURY, L., Larmande, C., & SAUVAGE, D. (1993) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199305000-00019 · Cited by 383 · see citing works
Wang, A. T., Dapretto, M., Hariri, A. R., Sigman, M., & Bookheimer, S. Y. (2004) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-200404000-00015 · Cited by 364 · see citing works
The Effects of Global Severe Privation on Cognitive Competence: Extension and Longitudinal Follow-up
O’Connor, T. G., Rutter, M., Beckett, C., Keaveney, L., Kreppner, J. M., & the English and Romanian Adoptees Study Team (2000) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/1467-8624.00151 · Cited by 353 · see citing works
Activation of the fusiform gyrus when individuals with autism spectrum disorder view faces
Hadjikhani, N. K., Joseph, R. M., Snyder, J., Chabris, C. F., Clark, J., Steele, S. D., McGrath, L. M., Vangel, M. G., Aharon, I., Feczko, E., et al. (2004) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.03.025 · Cited by 350 · see citing works
Plaisted, K. C., Swettenham, J., & Rees, L. (1999) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1017/s0021963099004102 · Cited by 340 · see citing works
Attentional skills during the first 6 months of age in autism spectrum disorder
MAESTRO, S., MURATORI, F., CAVALLARO, M. C., PEI, F., STERN, D., GOLSE, B., & PALACIO-ESPASA, F. (2002) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-200210000-00014 · Cited by 336 · see citing works
Neocortical system abnormalities in autism
Luna, B., Minshew, N. J., Garver, K. E., Lazar, N. A., Thulborn, K. R., Eddy, W. F., & Sweeney, J. A. (2002) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.59.6.834 · Cited by 335 · see citing works
Face Perception in Children with Autism and Asperger's Syndrome
Davies, S., Bishop, D., Manstead, A. S. R., & Tantam, D. (1994) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1994.tb01808.x · Cited by 325 · see citing works
Understanding emotions from standardized facial expressions in autism and normal development
Castelli, F. (2005) · Autism · doi:10.1177/1362361305056082 · Cited by 317 · see citing works
Villalobos, M. E., Mizuno, A., Dahl, B. C., Kemmotsu, N., & Müller, R.-A. (2005) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.12.022 · Cited by 312 · see citing works
Cerebral correlates of preserved cognitive skills in autism
RING, H. A., Baron‐Cohen, S., Wheelwright, S. J., Williams, S., Brammer, M. J., Andrew, C., & Bullmore, E. T. (1999) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/122.7.1305 · Cited by 306 · see citing works
A developmental study of the structural integrity of white matter in autism
Keller, T. A., Kana, R. K., & Just, M. A. (2007) · Neuroreport · doi:10.1097/01.wnr.0000239965.21685.99 · Cited by 300 · see citing works
Comparison of sensory profile scores of young children with and without autism spectrum disorders
Watling, R. L., Deitz, J., & White, O. (2001) · American Journal of Occupational Therapy · doi:10.5014/ajot.55.4.416 · Cited by 296 · see citing works
Brain development in autism: Early overgrowth followed by premature arrest of growth
Courchesne, E. (2004) · Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews · doi:10.1002/mrdd.20020 · Cited by 295 · see citing works
Mottron, L., Peretz, I., & Ménard, É. (2000) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/1469-7610.00693 · Cited by 292 · see citing works
Abnormal imitation‐related cortical activation sequences in Asperger's syndrome
Nishitani, N., Avikainen, S., & Hari, R. (2004) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.20031 · Cited by 291 · see citing works
Verbal Bias in Recognition of Facial Emotions in Children with Asperger Syndrome
Grossman, J. B., Klin, A. J., Carter, A. S., & Volkmar, F. R. (2000) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/1469-7610.00621 · Cited by 285 · see citing works
Functional imbalance of visual pathways indicates alternative face processing strategies in autism
Hubl, D., Bölte, S., Feineis–Matthews, S., Lanfermann, H., Federspiel, A., Strik, W., Poustka, F., & Dierks, T. (2003) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000091862.22033.1a · Cited by 283 · see citing works
THE SALIENCE OF FACIAL EXPRESSION FOR AUTISTIC CHILDREN
Weeks, S. J., & Hobson, R. P. (1987) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1987.tb00658.x · Cited by 272 · see citing works
An Exploration of Causes of Non-Literal Language Problems in Individuals with Asperger Syndrome
Martin, I., & McDonald, S. (2004) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1023/b:jadd.0000029553.52889.15 · Cited by 268 · see citing works
Functional anatomy of impaired selective attention and compensatory processing in autism
Belmonte, M. K., & Yurgelun-Todd, D. A. (2003) · Cognitive Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0926-6410(03)00189-7 · Cited by 266 · see citing works
Contrasting profiles of language development in children with williams and down syndromes
Harris, N. S., Bellugi, U., Bates, E. A., Jones, W., & Rossen, M. L. (1997) · Developmental Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/87565649709540683 · Cited by 260 · see citing works
An Exploration of Right-Hemisphere Contributions to the Pragmatic Impairments of Autism
Ozonoff, S. J., & Miller, J. N. (1996) · Brain and Language · doi:10.1006/brln.1996.0022 · Cited by 247 · see citing works
Impaired face processing in autism: Fact or artifact?
Jemel, B., Mottron, L., & Dawson, M. (2006) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-005-0050-5 · Cited by 246 · see citing works
Unusual Sensory Sensitivities in Autism: A possible crossroads
Talay‐Ongan, A., & Wood, K. (2000) · International Journal of Disability Development and Education · doi:10.1080/713671112 · Cited by 222 · see citing works
Present and Future Possibilities for Defining a Phenotype for Specific Language Impairment
Tager-Flusberg, H. B., & Cooper, J. A. (1999) · Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research · doi:10.1044/jslhr.4205.1275 · Cited by 213 · see citing works
Analysis of face gaze in autism using “bubbles”
Spezio, M. L., Adolphs, R., Hurley, R. S. E., & Piven, J. (2007) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2006.04.027 · Cited by 209 · see citing works
Susceptibility to Illusions and Performance on Visuospatial Tasks in Individuals with Autism
Ropar, D., & Mitchell, P. (2001) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/1469-7610.00748 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY
(1994) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1994.tb02294.x · Cited by 204 · see citing works
Tudor, M. E., Hoffman, C. D., & Sweeney, D. P. (2012) · Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1177/1088357612457989 · Cited by 200 · see citing works
Accelerated head growth in early development of individuals with autism
Dementieva, Y. A., Vance, D. D., Donnelly, S. L., Elston, L. A., Wolpert, C. M., Ravan, S. A., DeLong, G. R., Abramson, R. K., Wright, H. H., & Cuccaro, M. L. (2004) · Pediatric Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2004.08.005 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
Enhanced Salience and Emotion Recognition in Autism: A PET Study
Hall, G. B., Szechtman, H., & Nahmias, C. (2003) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.160.8.1439 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
Waiter, G. D., Williams, J. H. G., Murray, A. D., Gilchrist, A., Perrett, D. I., & Whiten, A. (2004) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.08.049 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Speech and language in high-functioning autistic individuals.
Minshew, N. J., Goldstein, G., & Siegel, D. J. (1995) · Neuropsychology · doi:10.1037/0894-4105.9.2.255 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
Affect comprehension in children with pervasive developmental disorders
Braverman, M., Fein, D., Lucci, D., & Waterhouse, L. (1989) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/bf02211848 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
A Deficit in Shifting Attention Present in High-Functioning Autism but not Asperger’s Disorder
Rinehart, N., Bradshaw, J. L., Moss, S. A., Brereton, A. V., & Tonge, B. J. (2001) · Autism · doi:10.1177/1362361301005001007 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
Theory of Mind in Non‐Retarded Children with Autism and Asperger's Syndrome. A Research Note
Dahlgren, S. O., & Trillingsgaard, A. (1996) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1996.tb01469.x · Cited by 180 · see citing works
LAHAIE, A., Mottron, L., Arguin, M., Berthiaume, C., Jemel, B., & Saumier, D. (2006) · Neuropsychology · doi:10.1037/0894-4105.20.1.30 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
Robert, C. R. (1997) · CNS Spectrums · doi:10.1017/s1092852900004934 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
Müller, R.-A., Kleinhans, N. M., Kemmotsu, N., Pierce, K., & Courchesne, E. (2003) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.160.10.1847 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
What Do Imaging Studies Tell Us about the Neural Basis of Autism?
Frith, C. (2003) · Novartis Foundation symposium · doi:10.1002/0470869380.ch10 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
Exploring the experience of autism through firsthand accounts
Cesaroni, L., & Garber, M. (1991) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/bf02207327 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Less white matter concentration in autism: 2D voxel-based morphometry
Chung, M. K., Dalton, K. M., Alexander, A. L., & Davidson, R. J. (2004) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.04.037 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Morgan, B., Maybery, M. T., & Durkin, K. (2003) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/0012-1649.39.4.646 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
The neurophysiological correlates of face processing in adults and children with Asperger’s syndrome
O’Connor, K., Hamm, J. P., & Kirk, I. J. (2005) · Brain and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.bandc.2005.05.004 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Self-citationAsperger's Syndrome: A Guide for Parents and Professionals
Stewart, S. (1999) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199904000-00027 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
First-hand Accounts of Emotional Experiences in Autism: A qualitative analysis
Jones, R. S. P., Zahl, A., & Huws, J. C. (2001) · Disability & Society · doi:10.1080/09687590120045950 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Preverbal children with autism understand the intentions of others
Aldridge, M. A., Stone, K. R., Sweeney, M. H., & Bower, T. G. R. (2000) · Developmental Science · doi:10.1111/1467-7687.00123 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
BECKETT, C., BREDENKAMP, D., CASTLE, J., GROOTHUES, C., O’CONNOR, T. G., & RUTTER, M. (2002) · Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics · doi:10.1097/00004703-200210000-00001 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
FMRI study of recognition of facial expressions in high-functioning autistic patients
Ogai, M., Matsumoto, H., Suzuki, K., Ozawa, F., Fukuda, R., Uchiyama, I., Suckling, J., Isoda, H., Mori, N., & Takei, N. (2003) · NeuroReport · doi:10.1097/00001756-200303240-00006 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Intermodal perception of affect in persons with autism or Down syndrome
Loveland, K. A., Tunali‐Kotoski, B., Chen, R., Brelsford, K. A., Ortegon, J., & Pearson, D. A. (1995) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s095457940000660x · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Bailey, A. J., Braeutigam, S., Jousmäki, V., & Swithenby, S. J. (2005) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2005.04061.x · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Can Autistic Children Distinguish Lies from Jokes? A Second Look at Second‐order Belief Attribution
Leekam, S., & Prior, M. (1994) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1994.tb02301.x · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Hazlett, E. A., Buchsbaum, M. S., Hsieh, P., Haznedar, M. M., Platholi, J., LiCalzi, E. M., Cartwright, C., & Hollander, E. (2004) · Neuropsychobiology · doi:10.1159/000076719 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
O’Connor, K. (2007) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-006-0345-1 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Self-citationChawarska, K., & Volkmar, F. R. (2006) · Developmental Science · doi:10.1111/j.1467-7687.2006.00543.x · Cited by 48 · see citing works
The enactive mind, or from actions to cognition: lessons from autism
Klin, Jones, & Volkmar, S. A. (2004) · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Syndrome d’Asperger et théorie de l’esprit
Duverger, H., Fonséca, D. D., Bailly, D., & Deruelle, C. (2007) · L Encéphale · doi:10.1016/s0013-7006(07)92058-8 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Autistic Thinking: This is the Title
Vermeulen, P. (2001) · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Wearing, S. L. (2001) · CABI Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1079/9780851995335.0059 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 123 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Auditory processing in autism spectrum disorder: A review
O’Connor, K. (2012) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2011.11.008 · Cited by 466 · see citing works
Self-citationSocial “wanting” dysfunction in autism: neurobiological underpinnings and treatment implications
Kohls, G., Chevallier, C., Troiani, V., & Schultz, R. T. (2012) · Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders · doi:10.1186/1866-1955-4-10 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
Processing of Ironic Language in Children with High-Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorder
Pexman, P. M., Rostad, K. R., McMorris, C. A., Climie, E. A., Stowkowy, J., & Glenwright, M. R. (2010) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-010-1131-7 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Neurobiological correlates of social functioning in autism
Neuhaus, E., Beauchaine, T. P., & Bernier, R. (2010) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2010.05.007 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Update on autism: A review of 1300 reports published in 2008
Hughes, J. R. (2009) · Epilepsy & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2009.09.023 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Azmitia, E. C., Saccomano, Z. T., Alzoobaee, M. F., Boldrini, M., & Whitaker‐Azmitia, P. M. (2015) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-015-2672-6 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Scott, K. E., Kazazian, K., Mann, R. S., Möhrle, D., Schormans, A. L., Schmid, S., & Allman, B. L. (2020) · Autism Research · doi:10.1002/aur.2364 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Dunlop, W. A., Enticott, P. G., & Rajan, R. (2016) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2016.00401 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Rosqvist, B. (2019) · doi:10.1016/j.alter.2019.03.003 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Nayar, K., Shic, F., Winston, M., & Losh, M. C. (2022) · Molecular Autism · doi:10.1186/s13229-022-00490-w · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Martínez‐Sanchis, S. (2014) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2014.00970 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Leisman, G., Melillo, R. J., & Melillo, T. (2023) · Brain Research Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2023.04.004 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Neural correlates of moral reasoning in autism spectrum disorder
Schneider, K., Pauly, K. D., Gossen, A., Mevissen, L., Michel, T. M., Gur, R. C., Schneider, F. W., & Habel, U. (2012) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nss051 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Neurophysiological hyperresponsivity to sensory input in autism spectrum disorders
Takarae, Y., Sablich, S. R., White, S. P., & Sweeney, J. A. (2016) · Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders · doi:10.1186/s11689-016-9162-9 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Pagani, M., Manouilenko, I., Stone‐Elander, S., Odh, R., Salmaso, D., Hatherly, R., Brolin, F., Jacobsson, H., Larsson, S., & Bejerot, S. (2011) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-011-1240-y · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Social skills characteristics of students with autism spectrum disorder
Syriopoulou–Delli, C. K., Agaliotis, I., & Papaefstathiou, E. (2016) · International Journal of Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1080/20473869.2016.1219101 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Modelling Me, Modelling You: the Autistic Self
Perrykkad, K., & Hohwy, J. (2019) · Review Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s40489-019-00173-y · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Reduced Efficiency and Capacity of Cognitive Control in Autism Spectrum Disorder
Mackie, M., & Fan, J. (2015) · Autism Research · doi:10.1002/aur.1517 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Spikins, P., Wright, B., & Hodgson, D. (2016) · Time and Mind · doi:10.1080/1751696x.2016.1244949 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Elliott, S., Marshall, D. C., Morley, K., Uphoff, E., Kumar, M., & Meader, N. (2021) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd013173.pub2 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Responsivity to familiar versus unfamiliar social reward in children with autism
Pankert, A., Pankert, K., Herpertz‐Dahlmann, B., Konrad, K., & Kohls, G. (2014) · Journal of Neural Transmission · doi:10.1007/s00702-014-1210-6 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Dakopolos, A., & Jahromi, L. B. (2018) · Infant and Child Development · doi:10.1002/icd.2117 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Dollion, N., Toutain, M., François, N., Champagne, N., Plusquellec, P., & Grandgeorge, M. (2021) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-021-05293-1 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Donkers, F. C. L., Carlson, M. E., Schipul, S. E., Belger, A., & Baranek, G. T. (2019) · Autism · doi:10.1177/1362361319893196 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Autism and the Question of the Human
Bergenmar, J., Rosqvist, H. B., & Lönngren, A.-S. (2015) · Literature and medicine · doi:10.1353/lm.2015.0009 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Saffin, J. M., & Tohid, H. (2016) · Neurosciences · doi:10.17712/nsj.2016.2.20150472 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Tsai, A. C.-H., Savostyanov, A. N., Wu, A., Evans, J. P., Chien, V. S. C., Yang, H.-H., Yang, D.-Y., & Liou, M. (2013) · Research in Autism · doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2013.02.001 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Truzzi, A., Setoh, P., Shinohara, K., & Esposito, G. (2016) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.06.034 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Mous, S. E., Overwater, I. E., Gato, R. V., Duvekot, J., ten Hoopen, L. W., Lequin, M. H., de Wit, M. Y., & Dieleman, G. C. (2017) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-017-1066-z · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Ni, P., Xue, L., Cai, J., Wen, M., & He, J. (2020) · Autism · doi:10.1177/1362361320949352 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Examination of professional biases about autism: How can we do better?
Fennell, L. C. P., & Johnson, S. A. (2021) · The Clinical Neuropsychologist · doi:10.1080/13854046.2021.1958922 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
What is autism? Identity in jeopardy and the collaborative way ahead
Alexandrovsky, M., Frayne, M., & Lai, M. (2025) · Autism · doi:10.1177/13623613251371485 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Uğurlu, M., Boz, E. S., & Turgut, S. (2024) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-024-06495-z · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Ortega, J. V., McKay, N. S., McCormack, J. C., Lopez, N., Liu, R., & Kirk, I. J. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0262563 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Self-citationDerome, M., Morosan, L., Heller, P., & Debbané, M. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1385782 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Martínez‐Sanchis, S., Bernal, M. C., da Costa, A. P. C., & Gadea, M. (2014) · Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science · doi:10.4236/jbbs.2014.49042 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Dvash, J., Ben‐Ze’ev, A., Adler, N., & Shamay‐Tsoory, S. (2014) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2014.01.036 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
How can autistic intelligence be recognised and accommodated within an inclusive education framework
Jacobs, B. (2011) · Figshare · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Nayar, K., Shic, F., Winston, M., & Losh, M. C. (2021) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-859251/v1 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Yu, L., Sun, L., Yue, X., Wang, Y., & Chen, C. (2025) · Research in Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2025.105081 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Wilson, G. N., & Tonk, V. S. (2018) · Open Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.4236/ojpsych.2018.83023 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
An evaluation of a brief school-based cognitive behavioural therapy programme for children with ASD
Clarke, C. D. (2012) · IOE EPrints · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Challenging the Public’s Perception of Life on Autism Spectrum: The Impact of the Vaccination Myth
Bennett, M., Webster, A. A., Goodall, E., & Rowland, S. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-13-3359-0_3 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Reich, J. C., & Pond, R. S. (2023) · Psi Chi Journal of Psychological Research · doi:10.24839/2325-7342.jn28.2.149 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Looking at Monotropism as a Strength-Based Cognitive Theory
Lawson, W. B. (2024) · SpringerBriefs in modern perspectives on disability research. · doi:10.1007/978-981-96-2564-2_7 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Auditory Processing in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Review of the Literature
O’Connor, K. (2011) · UC Research Repository (University of Canterbury) · doi:10.26021/8821 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationRecognition and emotional valence of isolated gestures in autism spectrum disorder.
Pagmert, S. (2013) · University Library of Skövde (University of Skövde) · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Mayes, A. (2013) · Swinburne figshare (Swinburne University of Technology) · doi:10.25916/sut.26257748
Interregional Connectivity in People with Schizophrenia: A Study Using Visual Evoked Potentials
Parr, G. (2013) · ResearchSpace (University of Auckland)
Cognitive and Affective Control Deficits in Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Mackie, M. (2017) · CUNY Academic Works (City University of New York)
Agbayewa, A. S. (2011) · Mspace (University of Manitoba)
Nader‐Grosbois, N. (2011) · Questions de personne · doi:10.3917/dbu.nader.2011.01.0403
Hughes, J. R. (2012) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/med/9780199796793.003.0021
Nayar, K., Shic, F., Winston, M., & Losh, M. C. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.19711190
Réponse électrophysiologique à la voix humaine au cours du développement normal et dans l'autisme
Rogier, O. (2009) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/73182ba5z14f3z434fz868dzc11d498d96a0
Koh, C. (2026) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-92-2372-5_3
- Authors
- O’Connor, K., & Kirk, I.
- Affiliations
- University of Auckland (NZ)
- Corresponding author
- O’Connor, Kate
- ORCID
- Kirk, Ian
- Venue
- Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders
- Published
- 2008-08-19
- Volume
- 38
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 1989-1997
- ISSN
- 0162-3257 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-3432
- OpenAlex
- W2131548594
- Cited by
- 60
- References
- 123
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 0.26
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Child and Animal Learning Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Action Observation and Synchronization
- Keywords
- autism spectrum disorder, social cognition, social behavior, perceptual attention, functional connectivity, motivation
- MeSH terms
- Autistic Disorder, Cognition Disorders, Humans, Models, Psychological, Neural Pathways, Occipital Lobe, Social Behavior, Social Perception, Temporal Lobe, Asperger Syndrome
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
