Identification and differential gene expression of adhesin-like wall proteins in Candida glabrata biofilms
Abstract
An important initial step in biofilm development and subsequent establishment of fungal infections by the human pathogen Candida glabrata is adherence to a surface. Adherence is mediated through a large number of differentially regulated cell wall-bound adhesins. The fungus can modify the incorporation of adhesins in the cell wall allowing crucial adaptations to new environments. In this study, expression and cell wall incorporation of C. glabrata adhesins were evaluated in biofilms cultured in two different media: YPD and a semi-defined medium SdmYg. Tandem mass spectrometry of isolated C. glabrata cell walls identified 22 proteins including six adhesins: the novel adhesins Awp5 and Awp6, Epa3 and the previously identified adhesins Epa6, Awp2 and Awp4. Regulation of expression of these and other relevant adhesin genes was investigated using real-time qPCR analysis. For most adhesin genes, significant up-regulation was observed in biofilms in at least one of the culturing media. However, this was not the case for EPA6 and AWP2, which is consistent with their gene products already being abundantly present in planktonic cultures grown in YPD medium. Furthermore, most of the adhesin genes tested also show medium-dependent differential regulation. These results underline the idea that many adhesins in C. glabrata are involved in biofilm formation and that their expression is tightly regulated and dependent on environmental conditions and growth phase. This may contribute to its potential to form resilient biofilms and cause infection in various host tissues.
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Other adhesins, cell wall proteins and RNA polymerase II mediator complex subunits including Epa3, Epa7, Epa12, Awp4-6, Pwp1, Pwp3, Med12, Med13 and Med15 have also been implicated in biofilm formation.
“Additionally, other adhesins, cell wall proteins and RNA polymerase II mediator complex subunits including Epa3, Epa7, Epa12, Awp4–6, Pwp1, Pwp3, Med12, Med13 and Med15 have also been implicated in biofilm formation [36,37,40,53,54].”
From Candida glabrata: A Lot More Than Meets the Eye (2019) · cites this paper as [40]
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Bader, O., Schwarz, A., Kraneveld, E. A., Tangwattanachuleeporn, M., Schmidt, P., Jacobsen, M. D., Groß, U., de Groot, P. W. J., & Weig, M. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/annotation/b929fe83-8e7f-4e8a-986e-9a3e26d86c54
Shinohara, T., Abe, M., Sadamoto, S., Nagi, M., Katano, H., Chibana, H., & Miyazaki, Y. (2022) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2022.07.01.498396
Molecular and regulatory aspects of EPA: a Nakaseomyces glabratus epithelial adhesin
Yadav, B., Rodrigues, C. F., & Gupta, P. (2026) · Archives of Microbiology · doi:10.1007/s00203-026-05210-z
- Authors
- Kraneveld, E. A., de Soet, J. J., Deng, D. M., Dekker, H. L., de Koster, C. G., Klis, F. M., Crielaard, W., & de Groot, P. W. J.
- Affiliations
- Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (NL)
- University of Amsterdam (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Kraneveld, E. A.
- Venue
- Mycopathologia
- Published
- 2011-07-17
- Volume
- 172
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 415-427
- ISSN
- 0301-486X (ISSN-L)
- 1573-0832
- OpenAlex
- W1999851274
- Cited by
- 50
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 2.59
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Mycopathologia (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- VU Research Portal (publishedVersion)
- UvA-DARE (University of Amsterdam) (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Antifungal resistance and susceptibility
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Fungal and yeast genetics research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Fungal Infections and Studies
- Keywords
- Candida glabrata, biofilm, adhesins, cell wall proteins, differential gene expression, fungal adhesion, fungal infection
- MeSH terms
- Cell Adhesion, Cell Wall, Culture Media, Fungal Proteins, Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal, Biofilms, Gene Expression Profiling, Candida glabrata, Tandem Mass Spectrometry, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
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